完整版英语名词性从句详解经典课件.ppt

1、English grammar：Noun Clauses判断下列是什么从句判断下列是什么从句：1.Where he wasborn was unknown to us.2.I dont know where he was born.3.The unknown was where he was born.4.I dont know the fact where he was born.5.He worked where he was born.6.He worked in the city where he was born.I dont know where he was born.He wo

2、rkedwhere he was born.辨析：宾语从句辨析：宾语从句VS状语从句状语从句I dont know the factwhere he was born.He worked in the citywhere he was born.辨析：定语从句辨析：定语从句VS同位语从句同位语从句复合句、主句、从句的概念复合句、主句、从句的概念复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能用作句子的一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语。从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的的从句。英语中的从句有：英语中的从句有：状语从句定语从句

3、主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句GOGOGO状语从句：状语从句：时间状语从句地点状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句BACK状语从句是副词性修饰性从句定语从句：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句BACK定语从句是形容词性修饰性从句名词性从句的概念名词在句子中一般可以充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。从句在语法功能上相当于名词，也可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语、同位语。因此，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为名词性从句。名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1连接词2连接代词3连接副词GOGOGO连接词：thatw

4、hetherif (一般仅用于宾语从句)as if (用于表语从句)它们不充当从句的任何成分BACK连接代词：whatwhateverwhowhoeverwhomwhosewhichBACK连接副词：连接副词：whenwherewhybecausehowhow 组成的词组如：how many,how long,how far 等学习名词性从句的要点学习名词性从句的要点1、名词性从句的语序的考查2、名词性从句的连接词的考查3、宾语从句的时态呼应4、同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择GOGOGOGO名词性从句的语序的考查名词性从句的语序的考查1.What surprisedme most was th

5、at such a little girl could play the violin so well.2.The question is whether she is coming.3.Could you tell me where he lives?4.I had no idea whetherhe will comeon time?名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，而不是一般疑问句的语序。注意：BACKthat和和what的运用的运用he wants is a book.light travels in straight lines is known to all.WhatThatThe r

6、esult is we won the game.That is we are looking for.thatwhatPlease tell us is happening there.We should pay attention to the teacher is saying.I dont know she is coming.whatwhatthatThe news China succeeded in sending up a manned spaceship was exciting.The news he told us was exciting.thatthat注意：注意：t

7、hat 和what 都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，that 在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；what 在从句中不仅起连接作用，还在从句中充当成分。what 一般不用来引导同位语从句。what 不能用作关系代词，因此也不能引导定语从句。that的省略（的省略（1）I dont think that she is coming.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.He told me that his parents had died in the accident and that he had to m

8、ake a living all by himself.()()thatthatthat的省略（的省略（2）That he is top in his class makes his parents very happy.Its pity that he has made such a mistake.The reason is that he is careless.The news that our basketball team won the match made us excited.Thatthatthatthat注意：注意：单个宾语从句中的that 可以省略；但用it作形式宾语的

9、宾语从句、并列宾语从句中第二个及以后宾语从句中的that 不可以省略。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的that 一般不可以省略。if和whether 的运用（1）we will go to town tomorrow depends on the weather.The question is he should do it.The doctor cant answer the question the old man can survive the operation.Whetherwhetherwhetherif和whether的运用（2）I asked him he could fin

10、ish the job on time.Do you know we are worried about he is safe?I dont know he could finish the job on time or not.whether/ifwhetherwhethe r注意：注意：引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether。引导宾语从句时应注意：（1）动词后的宾语从句可以用if，也可以用whether。（2）介词后的宾语从句只能用whether。（3）宾语从句中有or not 时，一般用whether。what 和which 的运用There are so many th

11、ings.I dont know I have to choose.The books are so good and useful.I dont know I have to choose.what 泛指的事物，没有一定的范围which 特定事物中的“哪一个”，有一定的范围whatwhichwhy和because运用His car broke down on the way.That was he was late.他的车在路上抛锚了，那就是他迟到的缘故。Why did he fail in the exam?That was he was careless.why强调结果；because强

12、调原因。whybecausewho和和whoever的运用的运用Whoever/Who breaks the law should be punished.I will give this book to whoever/who needs it.what和和whatever的运用的运用We will do whatever/what we can to help you.Whatever/What he says is always reasonable.which和和whichever的运用的运用You may take whichever/which you like.注意：在引导名词性

13、从句时，在引导名词性从句时，who、what、which 有疑问意味；whoever、whatever、whichever 是它们的强势语，不含有疑问意味。如：强势语，不含有疑问意味。如：I dont know broke the window.I dont know I should choose.whowhat/which其他连接词的运用其他连接词的运用思考：横线上可以填那些连接词？I dont know we will go.根据回答选择适当的连接词：I dont know we will go.We wont.I dont know we will go.Next Sunday.whe

14、ther/ifwhenI dont know we will go.The factory where his father works.I dont know we will go.By bus.howwhereI dont know we will go.To give them a hand with their work.I dont know we will go.I dont know,either.that/whetherwhyBACK宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应He believes that his dream will cometrue one day.Please

15、 tell me what you think ofthe plan.He told me that he was preparingfor the coming mid-term examination.He said that he had beenaway from his hometown for ten years.He asked me where I lived.The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.BACK同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择I dont

16、know the factwhere he was born.He worked in the citywhere he was born.名词性从句中it的运用it作形式主语it作形式宾语it作形式主语主语从句有时会很长，复合句就显得头重脚轻，因此，可以把主语从句移到复合句后面，而在句首使用it作形式主语。用it作形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：It+be+adj.+that-clauseIt+be+P.P.+that-clauseIt+be+n.+that-clauseIt+vi+that-clauseIt+be+adj.+that-clauseIt is necessar

17、y that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that很明显It+be+P.P.+that-clauseIt is believedthat人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that已决定It+be+n.+that-clauseIt is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是It+vi+that-clauseIt appears that似乎It seems that 似乎I

18、t happens that碰巧注意：注意：当that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，也要以it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?it作形式宾语如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，连接宾语从句的that不省略。We made it a rule that we readEnglishin the morning I thinkit necessarythatyoushouldread Englishaloud.