句子成分和简单句说课讲解课件.ppt

1、1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out

2、 in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语 The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to belie

3、ve.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓

4、语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词（名词）(代

5、词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语（四）表语在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语Th

6、e war was over.They seem to know the truth.1.Time is precious.（五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)定语后置：定

7、语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.（六）状语（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be bac

8、k in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He often went to school by bus.This book is very interesting.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，语补足语，说明宾

9、语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.She asked me to lend her a hand.Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）After he finished his homework,he went away.句子类型句子类型1、简单句简单句：简单句只有一个主语

10、（或并列主语）和：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.2 2、并列句并列句：并列句由：并列句由并列连词并列连词或分号或分号“；”把两个把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：如：It is late,so we must hurry.3、复合句复合句：复合句中含有：复合句中含有一个

11、或一个以上的从句一个或一个以上的从句。如：如：If we want to keep fit,we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型一一:(主谓主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一一:(主谓主谓)谓语谓语:不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语,形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如:We come.(不及物动词不及物动词)1.The sun rose.2.Who cares?

12、4.They talked for half an hour.5.The pen writes smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：(是系动词是系动词)(表语表语)1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner smells good.3.Everything looks different.4.He is growing tall and strong.5.Our well has gone dry.基本句型基本句型 三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)此句型的此句型的特点特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须必须跟有一个宾

13、语跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。(及物动词及物动词)(宾语宾语)1.Whoknowsthe answer?2.He has refusedto help them.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Headmitsthat he was mistaken.基本句型基本句型 四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个这两个宾语通常一个指人指人(间接宾语间接宾语);一个指物一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。-Give me a cup o

14、f tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth=give sth to sb基本句型基本句型 五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)此句型的此句型的特点特点是是:动词虽然是及物动词动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作可以用作宾语补足语的有名词宾语补足语的有名词,形容词形容词,不定式不定式,动

15、名词动名词,分词分词,介词短语等。介词短语等。We should keep the plants in the shade.划分句子成分划分句子成分 You will tell your friend that youve got to school.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy

16、evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell（your）friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didntdare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)e

17、vening,the wind,the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语状语翻译以下句子翻译以下句子 1.你的故事听起来很有趣。You story sounds very interesting.2.我感到有一点累。I felt a bit tired.3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。My younger sister grew up in the country.4.这家医院创建于1950年。This hospital was set up in 1950.5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.