中考英语阅读理解解题指导最实用课件.ppt

1、 The Skills of reading comprehension*考查事实细节考查事实细节：猜测生词含义猜测生词含义：推理判断推理判断：归纳主旨大意：归纳主旨大意：推测作者的态度、意图和目的推测作者的态度、意图和目的：阅读理解考查题型阅读理解考查题型*（一）事实性细节题（一）事实性细节题对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找寻找对原因、结果、事实的对原因、结果、事实的正确理解正确理解n常用提问方式：常用提问方式：1.According to the passage,who(what,why,where,when，how many/much,how lo

2、ng).?2.According to the passage,which of the following statements is(not)true?通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误*1.He/she should have an interest in making pizza.More importantly,he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.The ad tells us that_A.The assistant must be a man.B.The assistant must ha

3、ve once worked in a restaurant.C.Pucci pizza has branches all over China.B*事实理解题解题技巧：事实理解题解题技巧：事实细节题一般在事实细节题一般在:1文中有文中有原句原句；2找相关信息进行找相关信息进行比对比对;3找找近义词或同义句近义词或同义句;4进行简单数学进行简单数学计算计算;在读文章时把这些信息划下来在读文章时把这些信息划下来*（二）猜测词义词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或句子含义的题型。句子含义的题型。常见的提问方式有：常见的提问方式有：1)The word.ref

4、ers to _ 2)The underlined.probably means _*1、根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词常用的：常用的：be,be called,mean，破折号或定语从，破折号或定语从句等来表示。句等来表示。Well,Ive relearned it.I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day.Thats the heart of the watermelon.“the heart of the watermelo

5、n”refers to_.A.the best part of the watermelon.B.the writers busy life C.the writers decision of making money.D.the writers hope of enjoying life.D*2、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断As they go around town,they help people.When they find lost children,they take the children home.If they see a fight,they

6、 put an end to it right away.They know all the streets and roads well.Often people ask them how to get to a place in town.In the text,“put an end to”means _ A.stop B.cut C.kill D.flyA*There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground.It is on a large island in the Paci

7、fic Ocean.The island is North Island in New Zealand.What does the word“steam”mean in Chinese?_A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 D.蒸汽Dand3、根据关联词来猜测、根据关联词来猜测*3、根据关联词来猜测、根据关联词来猜测 表示因果关系的表示因果关系的：表示同义关系的表示同义关系的：表示反义关系的表示反义关系的：because,as,since,for,so,as a resultand,like,just asthe same as.but,however,though,although,yet,in

8、stead(of)*演练1A bag is useful and the word“bag”is useful.It gives us some interesting phrases.One is“to let the cat out of the bag.”It is the same as“to tell a secret”Now when someone lets out a secret,he“lets the cat out of the bag.”Q:John lets the cat out of the bag”means he A.makes everyone know a

9、 secret.B.the woman bout a cat.C.buys a cat in the bag.D.sells the cat in the bag.A*实战演练2 If you want to be a musician,you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs,such as New York City.The cost of living in these areas is usually very high.The third disadvantage is that you cant have

10、a stable family life.Different jobs will take a musician to different places,so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.What does the underlined word“stable”mean in Chinese?_ A.幸福的 B.稳定的 C.健康的B*（三）推理判断考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？We can infer(推

11、断)from the story that_Whats the passage mainly about?It can be inferred from the passage that _According to the story,what would happen next?The first paragraph tells us that _What can we learn from the passage?_*1、事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后、事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。Seco

12、ndly,a news story has to be interesting and unusual.People dont want to read stories about everyday life.As a result,many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be“bad”news.According to the passage,which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?_You often play football with your

13、 friends after school.Your teacher has got a cold.A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.The bike in front of your house is lost.Cdangerbad*When you cough or sneeze,please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand.Afterwards,you should sa

14、y,“Excuse me.”This is a rule I set for my students.It is so simple,but many kids have never been told to do this.What does the underlined word“this”mean?_Dont cough or sneeze in front of peopleDont stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train.A.Cove

15、r your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry.D*解题技巧：推断题在文章无法直接找到答解题技巧：推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作出总结性的判断。同时要特别注意代词所出总结性的判断。同时要特别注意代词所指代的对象指代的对象*（四）归纳主旨大意（四）归纳主旨大意:主要包括主题思想、主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等写作意图、文章的

16、题目等常见的提问方式有：常见的提问方式有：(1）What is the main idea of the passage?(2)The first paragraph tells us that _(3)Which of the following expresses the main idea?(4)The passage is mainly about _(5)The best title for the story is _(6)Which of the following is the best title?*Can you find the topic sentence?All li

17、ving things on the earth need other living things to live.Nothing lives alone.Most animals must live in a group,and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind.Sometimes one living thing kills another,one eats and the other is eaten.Each kind of life eats another kind of life in o

18、rder to live,and together they form a food chain.Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.*2.Reading is a good habit,but the problem is,theres too much to read these days,and too little time to read every word of it.There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less t

19、ime.Here are two skills that I think are especially good._解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。*3.Do you know more and more Chinese artists have made regular donations to charity or put their efforts into charit

20、y work in China?Here lets know some of them.What is the passage mainly about?_ A.Chinese charity work.B.Charity work of some Chinese artists.C.Some famous Chinese artists.D.Organizations started by Chinese artists.B_*（五）作者的意图、态度和目的题（五）作者的意图、态度和目的题 1、作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及修饰手段中体会出来。常见的提问

21、方式有：常见的提问方式有：(1)What is the writers purpose in writing the passage?(2)The writer probably feels that _(3)What is the writers main point?(4)What is the writers attitude towards?(5)In the passage the writer tries to tell us that _(6)The writer suggest(暗示)that _(7)The writer wants to prove that _题目都是围绕

22、作者的意题目都是围绕作者的意图、目的和态度图、目的和态度*解题技巧解题技巧:正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案，学会根据作者使时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案，学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。Today I can iron pretty well.I know where to start on a shirt and the righ

23、t way to do the trousers.Now when I think about it,I dont think she is an old lady.I thin she might have been about my age now.Anyway,when I iron,I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned.Now the writer _ A.is still afraid of the lady B.hates the strict lady.C.admires the di

24、sabled lady.D.is very grateful to the lady.D*Read the passage and finish the exercisesnHappiness is important for everyone.Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness.Money and success dont bring lasting happiness.Happiness depends on ourselves.In other words,we make our own happ

25、iness.nSome people believe that if they are wealthy,they will be able to do anything they want,which means happiness.On the other hand,some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness.In this way,you have not only money,but also many other things which cant be bought b

26、y money.However,other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness,nor is holding a high position in the government.These people value(重视)their beliefs,or their intelligence,or their health.They think these can make them happy.*nHere are a few ways to help you be happier.nThe first secr

27、et of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life.Too often,we spend so much time thinking about the future,for example,getting into college or getting a good job that we dont enjoy the present.You should enjoy lifes simple pleasures,such as reading a good book,listening to your favorite music,o

28、r spending time with close friends.People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and healthier lives.nThe second secret of happiness is to be active.Many people go dancing or play sports.People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities.nFinally,many people find happin

29、ess in helping others.According to studies,people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people.If you want to feel happier,do something nice for someone.You can help a friend with his or her studies,go shopping to get food for an old neighbor,or simply help

30、around the house.nNow maybe you know how to find happiness!*()1.Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can _.()2.The underlined word“wealthy”means_ in the article.()3.We can infer（推断）that Many people find it happy to _.()4.The passage mainly tells us _.()5.The writer think

31、s the secret of happiness is that people _考查事实细节考查事实细节归纳主旨大意归纳主旨大意推理判断推理判断猜测生词猜测生词推测作者的意图、态度、目的推测作者的意图、态度、目的*表示因果关系的表示因果关系的：because,as,since,for,so,as a result表示同义关系的表示同义关系的：and,like,just as表示反义关系的表示反义关系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)等等。（3）.根据关联词猜词根据关联词猜词*1.I could see nothing because

32、the light was so faint 2.Tom is very rude,but his brother is quite polite.3.She is beautiful,and her daughter is as pretty as her.(昏暗的）昏暗的）(有礼貌的有礼貌的)(漂亮的漂亮的)*点击中考 There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground.It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean.The island

33、is North Island in New Zealand.What does the word“steam”mean in Chinese?_ A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 D.蒸汽D*（4）根据生活经验及普通常识猜词 China is our motherland.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.3.Its really cold outside,and my hands are both numb.(祖国祖国)(育儿袋育儿袋)(冻僵了的冻僵了的,麻木的麻木的,失去知觉的失去知觉的)*2.Doctors belie

34、ve that smoking is detrimental to your health.4.The boy had a happy family before.However,after the war,he became homeless.Exercises:Guess the meaning of the new words quickly.Wealthy means having lots of money.5.You must stop dreaming and face reality.(富裕的，有钱的）(有害的)(现实)3.My mother-in-law,my husband

35、s mother,was a teacher.(婆婆)(无家可归的）*解题技巧 1.根据作者使用的词语的褒贬去判断作者的态度，正确理解反映作者态度和观点的关键词。2.要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把自己的态度渗透其中。*解题技巧：找主题句。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述、后分述的叙事方法，因此主题句大都在段首或篇首。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。那么主题句往往就在段末或篇末。*2.逻辑推理型逻辑推理型2)根据计算判断根据计算判断 If everyone sets their air conditioning(空调)at 26,Beij

36、ing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦时)of electricity in one summer.Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,”said a TV advertisement.Beijing will use_ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer.A.1200 B.800 C.400一一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：A*2.逻辑推理型逻辑推理型1）根据常识判断根据常识判断 O

37、ne day we invited some friends to dinner.When it was about six oclock,my wife found that we had little bread.So she asked our five-year-old daughter,Kathy,to buy some.One day,Kathys parents invited some friends to_.A.have breakfast B.have lunch C.have supper D.have a party.C一一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方

38、式：*4.理解词句含义型理解词句含义型 Now there are many houses around the lake.people often use chemicals in their gardens.They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫昆虫).There are also many businessmen.Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.“Chemical”in the story mea

39、ns_.A.化学家化学家 B 污染品污染品 C 药品药品 D.化学制品化学制品D一一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：*常用提问方式：常用提问方式：According to(根据根据)the passage,we know that_ The title(标题标题)of the passage can be_.The writer tells us_.From the story we can see/learn/say_ The main idea of this passage is_.What is this passage about?一一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读

40、理解题目的设置方式：3.归纳主旨句归纳主旨句*The ways of guessing the new words in context:*A.利用构词法进行猜测利用构词法进行猜测根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心小心)careful(小心的小心的)carefully(小心地小心地);write(写写)rewrite(改写改写)。un-;dis-;-less:;mis-:;re-:;-ern:-er,-or,-ist:;2.根据根据“合成词合成词”猜测。猜测。如如school+bag schoolbag down+stairs downstair

41、s不无错误再,重复,重新表方向表示人*Exercises:Match the meaning with the new words.rebuild modernize man-made unsafe misunderstan-ding 不安全的 误解 重建 现代化 人造的*1.A lot of the worlds natural resources like oil come from poor countries.A.环境环境 B.资源资源 C.汽油汽油2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.A.帽子帽子 B.雨鞋雨鞋 C

42、.眼镜眼镜3.My mom was a little heavy.And I was almost as plump as my mom.A.丰满丰满 B.苗条苗条 C.强壮强壮4.Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them.A.口袋口袋 B.肩带肩带 C.纽扣纽扣Exercises:Choose the right answer.*二二.阅读理解解题方法阅读理解解题方法1.先看文章,再看试题.2.先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章.(常用方法)三三.阅读理解解题步骤阅读理解解题步骤1.扫读:即快速阅读,通览全文.发现关键句(特别要

43、注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句.2.细读:集中精力研读课文,分清文章体裁,把握文章中心和主要内容,进而掌握文章细节信息(五个五个W,who,what,when,where,why)3.查读:认真检查,尽量减少答题错误.*Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful.For example,Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his office for work on Sunday morning,for he thinks it is Monday.And Mrs.Bell some-times forget to cook supper for

44、the family.One summer they planned to fly to New York for their holidays.They got to the airport only ten minutes before the plane took off.So time was short.But suddenly Mrs.Bell said she must tell Alice,their daughter,not to forget to lock the front door when she went to school.As Alice was then a

45、t school,they couldnt tell her about it by telephone.So they hurried to the post office.Mrs.Bell wrote a short note to Alice while Mr.Bell bought a stamp and an envelo-pe.Soon the note was ready.They put the stamp on the envelope in a hurry and dropped it in the letter box.But suddenly Mrs.Bell bega

46、n to cry.The short note was still in her hand.She had put the plane tickets in the envelope.*()(1).The word“forgetful”means_.A.忘记 B.健忘的 C.难忘的()(2).How did they plan to go to New York onesummer?A.by plane B.by train C.by bus()(3).Because Alice was then ay school,they had to _to Alice.A.phone B.write

47、a note C.send a E-mail()(4).What did they drop _in the letter box?A.a note B.the tickets C.the money()(5).The main idea of this passage is_.A.Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful.B.Mr.and Mrs.Bell planned to fly to New York.C.Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very old.1.Read the article for 2 minutes,and find the key sentence of the article.BABBA*Summary阅读技巧：阅读技巧：1.浏览问题，通读全文浏览问题，通读全文 2.抓住中心句抓住中心句 （标题，首段，每段的首尾句，总（标题，首段，每段的首尾句，总-分分-总总,总总-分）分）3.克服以下不良习惯：克服以下不良习惯：心读，一个词心读，一个词一个词的看，只读不记一个词的看，只读不记 4.遇到生词要沉着冷静遇到生词要沉着冷静*