初中英语代词讲解课件.ppt

1、2一一.概念概念代词是代替名词的一种词类代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具大多数代词具有有名词名词和和形容词形容词的功能。的功能。人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词关系代词关系代词二、分类二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格 me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性性 my,your,her,his,its,our,

2、your,their,n性性 mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfthis,that,these,those,each other,one another who,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,assth;sb;both;all;no;another,others 1.人称代词人称代词主格主格:I,you,she,he,it,we

3、,you,they,宾格宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。The Kings are music-lovers.They often go to the concert.Nancy is a P.E teacher.Ive known her for years.2)两个以上的人称代词并列时两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则其次序排列原则:二三一二三一 人人 称称.“我我”总是放在最后总是放在最后,在并列主语中在并列主语中,排列顺序为排列顺序为:you,she/he a

4、nd I,并列宾格并列宾格:you,her/him and me,You,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Li asked you,Tom and me to clean the windows.63)3)人称代词的特殊用法：人称代词的特殊用法：she,her 通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The Titanic,the largest ship at that time started her first journey on a sunny day.China is my motherlan

5、d,although she is not rich enough now,I still love her very much.it 的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见或只闻其声未见 其人的其人的,非活生生的具体真人。非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离指代天气、时间、距离 A:Whos the man beside you in the photo?B:Its my cousin Henry

6、.A:Someone is knocking at the door,Who can it be?B:I bet its Mike.I warned him not to smoke,but it didnt help.Look at the baby,its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today.It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.5)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾

7、语It is important for us to learn English well.It is kind/nice of you to help me。I find/think it useful to read English every day.It is said that an traffic accident happened to him last nightIt seemed that his interview was a success.make it（口语）获得成功;take it easy 从容，不着急 let it go 不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么

8、）this/that is it 这/那正是我(们)所需要的;这/那正是失败的原因所在；这/那正是最后的结果了。He never really made it as an actor before 2000.We still have half an hour,take it easy!I overheard her talking about me,but I let it go.Ive been looking for a house for months and I think this is it.Im afraid thats it,we have lost the match!2.

9、物主代词物主代词 adj 物主代词属于限定词物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有后面必须有n,只能作定语只能作定语。n 性物主代词在用法上相当于性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj 词性物主代词词性物主代词+n”既有表示既有表示所属所属的作用又有的作用又有指代指代作用，作用，This isnt her pen.Hers looks newer and cleaner.主语主语I lost my bike,Can I use yours.宾语宾语Look for your keys in your bag,not in mine.介词宾语介词宾语:含有物主代词的词组含有物主代词的词组 on ones ow

10、n=by oneself 独立地，独自地独立地，独自地try/do ones best to do sth竭尽全力做某事竭尽全力做某事lose ones way/temper/life.迷路迷路/发脾气发脾气/丧命丧命lose ones heart to sb/sth=fall in love with 钟情于钟情于in ones forties/fifties 在某人在某人40/50岁的时候岁的时候do ones homework 做作业；做作业；in ones opinion 依某人看依某人看be ones own master/mistress 独立自主独立自主12keep/lose o

11、nes balance(因保持因保持/失去平衡而失去平衡而)稳住稳住/倒下倒下Keep/lose ones head 保持镇定保持镇定/昏头，冲动昏头，冲动Keep/break ones promise 信守信守/违背诺言违背诺言keep/break ones word 守信守信/失信失信,食言食言 eat ones words 承认自己说错话承认自己说错话on ones way to sp在去某地的路上在去某地的路上in ones free/spare time 在某人的闲暇时光在某人的闲暇时光hold ones breath 屏息屏息;lose ones breath气喘吁吁气喘吁吁to

12、ones surprise/disappointment令某人惊讶令某人惊讶/失望失望的是的是1).作动词的作动词的Please help yourself to some fish,Lora.2).作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Shes very angry with herself for her carelessness.Im confident of myself=I have confidence in myself.3).作表语作表语:Im not feeling myself today.4).作同位语，起强调作用作同位语，起强调作用The book itself is good,bu

13、t it isnt suitable for you.3.反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfenjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心teach oneself sth=learn sth by oneself 自学buy oneself sth=buy sth for oneself 为自己买call oneself a writer/Jay Chou 自称作家/周杰论introduce oneself 自我介绍；be prou

14、d of oneself自豪devote oneself to 全神贯注于;献身于behave oneself 举止规范;express oneself 表达思想hurt oneself 弄伤自己;dress oneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Help oneself to some随便吃/喝点.make oneself at home,放松；别拘束make oneself understood 让别人明白/理解自己think more of oneself than others考虑自己多于别人feel oneself 感到有精神;look oneself 跟往常一样健康by oneself

15、=on ones own 独自地;独立地 一些常见的包含反身代词的词组一些常见的包含反身代词的词组 指示代词的句法功能指示代词的句法功能:作主语、宾语、介词宾语作主语、宾语、介词宾语:4.指示代词指示代词:this,these 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that,those 常指时间或空间较远的人或物。常指时间或空间较远的人或物。1 This is the best way to do learn English.2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.16指示代词的特

16、殊指代功能：指示代词的特殊指代功能：1.介绍别人时要用介绍别人时要用 this is;This is Miss Li.This is Tom 2.this 常指常指下文中要下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that 则指则指上文中提到过的人上文中提到过的人/事物事物有承上的作用。有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:The party will be put off.He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt come.3.打电话时打电话时“你你”“我我”不用不用“you”“I”而要用而要用 tha

17、t,this,A:Who is that?B:This is Lily speaking.4.that和和those可作定语从句的先行词可作定语从句的先行词,those常用来指人常用来指人 We are looking for those who sing and dance well.5.相互代词相互代词each other,one another each other指两个人指两个人/物之间物之间,one another指多个之间指多个之间,但但 each other 常用来代替常用来代替 one another相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语 相互代词可加相互

18、代词可加-s构成所有格，例如：构成所有格，例如：People should care about and help each other/one another.We write to each other.Although theyve talked for five hours,they dont know each others names.6.疑问代词疑问代词:指人指人:who,whom,whose;指物指物:what;指人指人/物物:which疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语位于谓语动词之前动词之前,没有性和数的变化没有性和数的变

19、化,除除who之外也没有格的之外也没有格的变化。变化。who问姓名问姓名/关系关系,what 问职业问职业 等等就划线部分提问就划线部分提问1.The man with long hair is an artist2.The man has long hair3.The car over there is mine.4.My car is over there.5.Sally gave John a card yesterday.Who is an artist?Which man is an artist?What is the man with long hair?What is your

20、s?Which car is yours?Whose is the car over there?Whose car is over there?What is over there?Where is your car Who gave John a car yesterday?Whom did Sally give a card to yesterday?What did Sally give John yesterday?Who has long hair?What does the man look like?*7.关系代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括是用来引导定语从句的代词，

21、包括 who,whom,which,whose,that.用于指人用于指人:who whom,that;用于指物用于指物:which和that,whose 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物;1.who,which和和 that用作主语用作主语,He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Beijing.2.whom,which,that用作宾语用作宾语,The man(whom/that)you saw is a famous actor.Is this the book(wh

22、ich/that)you bought last week?3.whose用作定语用作定语,如：如：He is the man whose car was stolen last week.This is the car whose windows were broken.8、不定代词、不定代词1).something,anything,nothing,everything,Something is wrong with my watch.Is there anything important in todays newspaper?Would you give me something to

23、 drink?不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语只能作定语）2).one,ones,指代与上文中提到的指代与上文中提到的n 同类中的一个同类中的一个/一些一些,单数为单数为one,复数为复数为ones.one(s)可带形容词修饰语或限定词可带形容词修饰语或限定词:a/an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定语从句和定语从句.Is this hat the o

24、ne you bought in France?The blue vase is twice as expensive as the white one.These apples are too small,do you have any bigger ones?1.Kellys right eye is green,its _ eye is blue.2.I am still hungry,can I have _cake?3.Do you mind showing me some _ pears,these are too small.4.There is only one glove,w

25、here is _?5.We need _ five days to finish the work.6.Therere many people in the park,some are flying kites some are taking a walk and _ are sitting on the grass.7.Two boys and one girl in our class come from Taiwan,_are from Shanghai.other the other onethe others/the restothersanother other another3

26、）.another(+单数单数/数字数字+复数复数),又一个又一个/几个几个(泛指泛指)the other两者中的另一个两者中的另一个(前面一般有前面一般有 two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,the street,parents等暗含等暗含2 的的n)others(=other+复数复数),其他的其他的;别的别的,(泛指泛指),多与多与some 搭配搭配 the others(=other+复数复数=the rest),其他的其他的;剩余的剩余的,(特指特指)与前面提到的部分相加等于全部与前面提到的部分相加等于全部,多与多与数字数字 搭配搭配 some(+复数复

27、数n/不可数不可数n,(肯定句,或建议请求),any(+复数复数n/不可数不可数n)一些（否定句，疑问句）no复数(+单/复数n/不可数n)没有=not any/not a both+复数（两者都复数（两者都)=both of+复数 neither +单数（两者都不）单数（两者都不）=of+复数复数 either+单数（两者中的任何一个）单数（两者中的任何一个）all+复数复数n/不可数不可数n（三个或三个以上都三个或三个以上都/所有都所有都）none of+复数复数（三个或三个以上都）（三个或三个以上都）any+单数单数（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）each+单数单数=each of+pl(多个中的每一个多个中的每一个,强调个体与个性）强调个体与个性）every+单数单数（多个中的每一个（多个中的每一个,强调整体与统一性）强调整体与统一性）Therere tall trees on each/every side of the square.He has five sons,but none of them lives with him.Which would you like,tea or coffee?Either.(Neither,-)There _ no_,Which of you would like to buy some?