主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句讲解课件.ppt

1、主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句Nominal ClauseReview:英语句子的种类有两种，按句子的英语句子的种类有两种，按句子的用途用途可分为陈可分为陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句四种。述、疑问、祈使和感叹句四种。而按句子的而按句子的结构结构可分三种：可分三种：1)简单句简单句2)并列句并列句3)复合句复合句主语主语+谓语谓语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句主句主句+引导词引导词+从句从句1.He often r

2、eads English in the morning.2.You help him and he helps you.3.My suggestion is that we should study step by step.4.Both Tom and Mike are American boys.5.He said that he has known all before.请判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：请判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句简单句简单句复合句复合句复合句复合句定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句复合句：主句

3、复合句：主句+引导词引导词+从句从句起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就语、表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。是名词性从句。请思考请思考定语从句定语从句的定义：的定义：起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。名词性从句名词性从句定义定义Related Conception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示

4、人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子作什么成分名词在句子作什么成分?名词在句中主要作名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is Li Ming.主语表语Miss.Liang,a 24-year-old girl,teaches us English.主语同位语 宾语 1.The boy is Li Ming.2.What he said is correct.(名词作主语名词作主语)（从句作主语从句作主语）1.在句中充当主语的从句叫做在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句主语从句。用用it作形式主语的主语从句作形式主语的主语从句如果主语从句太长，为了避

5、免句子结构头重脚轻，可以用如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，可以用it作形式主语，作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday.It is reported that China has sent another man-made satellite into orbit.It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.3.We love peace.4.He said that he has kn

6、own all before.(名词作宾语名词作宾语)(从句作宾语从句作宾语)2.在句中在句中充当充当及物动词或介词或及物动词或介词或be+adj.后宾语的后宾语的从从句句叫做叫做宾语从句。宾语从句。We always mean what we say.我们向来说话算数。He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.He is confident that he will win.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语作介词的宾语作介词的宾语作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语某些表示心理状态的形容词在句中作表语时，后面可某些表示心理状态的形容

7、词在句中作表语时，后面可跟宾语从句。跟宾语从句。It 作形式宾语作形式宾语it 不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的that从句放在句尾，特别是用在带复合宾语的句子中。从句放在句尾，特别是用在带复合宾语的句子中。I think it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea.I think it best that you should seek for a solution to the problem.在口语或非正式文体中，引导宾语从句的连词在口语或非正式文体中，引导宾语从

8、句的连词that 常可省略。但形式常可省略。但形式宾语宾语it后面的后面的that 不能省略。不能省略。5.You are a student.6.The fact is that she never knew the secret.(名词作表语名词作表语)(从句作表语从句作表语)3.在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做叫做表表语从句语从句。注意：注意：The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital.其他从属连词引导的表语从句其他从属连词引导的表语从句because,as,as i

9、f,as though等也可用来引导表语从句。等也可用来引导表语从句。Things are not as they seem to be.事情并不是像它们表面上看起来那样。I think it is because you are too serious.He felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago.7.Miss.Liang,a 24-year-old girl,teaches us English.8.The news that our team had won made us happy.(名词作同位语名词作同位语)(从句作同位语从句

10、作同位语)4.在句中用作同位语的从句叫做在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句同位语从句.其用途是对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明其用途是对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词该名词的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常是通常是news,idea,fact,word,hope,advice等。等。在英语的句子结构中在英语的句子结构中，如果本该由名词充当的主语、宾语、如果本该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫，那么这个句子就叫_。主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词

11、性从句名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句：1.What I want to do is to go shopping.2.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.3.I dont think that he is an honest boy.4.The fact is that he stole the car.判断从句的方法：判断从句的方法：一一 找引导词划从句找引导词划从句二二 找谓语动词找谓语动词三三 看从句在主句的位置看从句在主句的位置_(主语从句主语从句)(

12、同位语从句同位语从句)(宾语从句宾语从句)(表语从句表语从句)5.The problem is what we should do next.6.The news that he couldnt come makes us upset.7.Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.8.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句(表语从句表语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(表语从句表语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)试区分以下句子试区分以下句子D

13、o you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.定语从句，从句是不完整的，定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系词充当成关系词充当成分分；而同位语从句中的；而同位语从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。2.2.定语从句是对先行词起定语从句是对先行词起修饰修饰作用，而同位语作用，而同位语从句则从句则解释说明解释说明先行词的先行词的具体内容具体内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)一、一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处同位语从句与定语从句的相似之

14、处1.都跟在名词后；都跟在名词后；2.都可以翻译成都可以翻译成“的的”The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.我们队取得决赛胜利我们队取得决赛胜利的的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.你告诉我们你告诉我们的的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。（同位语从句）（同位语从句）（定语从句）（定语从句）二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1 1、含义不同：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，、含义不同

15、：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，知道具体知道具体内容内容，指，指同一件事同一件事（可以划等号）；定语从句用来修饰、限定（可以划等号）；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词，前面的名词，不知道具体内容不知道具体内容。e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们我们队取得了决赛胜利。队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的

16、你告诉我们的，而非来自其他而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处2 2、引导词、引导词 区别区别：同位语从句中，：同位语从句中，that：无成分，用于肯定句；：无成分，用于肯定句；定语从句的定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。分。e.g.1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.2)Dad made

17、 a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）（that 不充当任何成分）不充当任何成分）I.Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences说出下列从句的功能：说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）（定语）1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2.Many teachers ho

18、ld the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4.Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5.Is this the company where your father works?6.This is the reason that he gave for his absence.7.He made an excuse that his car broke

19、 down on the way.BBB连接副词（连接副词（4个）：个）：when、why、where、how引导词引导词从属连词（从属连词（3个）：个）：that、if、whether连接代词连接代词（9个）：个）：who、whom、what、which、whose、whoever whomever、whatever、whichever、名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（1）：）：从句中的每一个引导词都有从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能个功能，分别如下，分别如下:从属连词从属连词“that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用无词义、不作成份、起连接作用“if”-“是否是否”、不作成

20、份、起连接作用、不作成份、起连接作用“whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作用、不作成份、起连接作用1、That we will realize our dreams in the future is certain.2、The fact is that Beijing will hold 29th Olympic Games this year.3、I know that well begun is half done.4、He heard the news that Liuxiang set a new world record.“that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用无词义

21、、不作成份、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather.2、The problem is whether you could give us some valuable advice.3、I asked him whether he could do me a favor.4、Could you tell me the question whether English is useful for us now.“whe

22、ther”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作用、不作成份、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）If 只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首的主语从只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首的主语从句。句。Whether四种从句均可以引导。四种从句均可以引导。If与与whether的区别：的区别：1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather.2、I asked him whether he could do me a favor.请思考：请思考：1、

23、It depends on weather if she will come back on time.2、I asked him if he could do me a favor.1、If 只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首的主只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首的主语从句。语从句。Whether四种从句均可以引导。四种从句均可以引导。2、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用if。3、whether or not 连在一起可以，但连在一起可以，但if不可以。而不可以。而“whether-or not=if-or not”If与与whe

24、ther的区别：的区别：1、I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ t

25、he old man will recover soon.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether请用请用if/whether填空：填空：whether连接代词连接代词名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（2）：）：“who”-“谁谁”、作主语、起连接作用、作主语、起连接作用“whom”-“谁谁”、作宾语、起连接作用、作宾语、起连接作用“what”-“事情事情”、作主表宾、起连接作用、作主表宾、起连接作用“whose”-“谁的谁的”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用“which”-“哪哪-”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起

26、连接作用“who”-“谁谁”、作主语、起连接作用、作主语、起连接作用1、Who will go to the college is still uncertain.2、The trouble is who could lend me some money.3、He want to know who picked up his mobile phone.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Whom you will learn from is worth thinking over.2、The thing I am anxious about is who

27、m he will turn to for help.3、His mother asked him whom he could believe in.“whom”-“谁谁”、作宾语、起连接作用、作宾语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、What I desire to get is a good reputation.2、What he will tell me is what I have been expecting to know.3、They agree with what I said just now.“what”-“事情事情”、

28、作主表宾语、起连接作用、作主表宾语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Which class is suitable for us isnt most important.2、What he wants to ask you now is which team won the game.3、Could you tell me which one is right.“which”-“哪哪-”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Whose bag was the mo

29、st beautiful is still unknown now.2、The question is whose friends could lend me a hand.3、I want to know whose suggestion is more practical.“whose”-“谁的谁的”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（3）：）：连接代词连接代词“whomever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作宾语、作宾语、“whoever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作

30、主语、作主语、“whatever”-“-的任何东西的任何东西”、作主表宾语、作主表宾语、“whichever”-“无论哪个或哪些无论哪个或哪些-”、作定语、作定语、“whoever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作主语、起连接作用、作主语、起连接作用1、Whoever could solve the problem will be rewarded.2、The person I will praise is whoever could work out the question.3、You should appreciate whoever helped you in the past.（主语从句

31、）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）“whomever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作宾语、起连接作用、作宾语、起连接作用1、Whomever you will meet in the meeting is excellent.2、The person I could depend on is whomever you believe in.3、You should learn from whomever I praised yesterday.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Whatever you did in the p

32、ast was very meaningful.2、What we should do is whatever is worth doing.3、We should do whatever is worth doing.“whatever”-“-的任何东西的任何东西”、作主表宾语、作主表宾语、（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）“whichever”-“-的哪些或哪个的哪些或哪个”、作定语、作定语1、Whichever team win the game is possible.2、The fact is whichever teacher could he

33、lp you learn English well.3、You could choose whichever book you want.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（4）：）：连接副词连接副词“why”-“为什么为什么”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“how”-“如何如何”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“where”-“什么地方什么地方”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“when”-“什么时候什么时候”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“when”-“什么时候什么时候”

34、、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用1、When the meeting will begin isnt decided now.2、The trouble is when he could recover from the disease.3、He asked us when we would graduate from the school.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）“where”-“什么地方什么地方”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用1、Where I could buy the book is uncertain now.2、Hi

35、s question was where we would hold the opening ceremony.3、I couldnt tell you where they have been living.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Why he killed himself is still a secret now.2、What surprised me was why they failed again.3、I just want to ask you why I was fired.“why”-“为什么为什么”、作状语、起连接作用、作

36、状语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、How the thief stole the bike is still a mystery.2、What the professor asked us was how we could make our parents happy.3、I will go to ask my teacher how I could work out the problem.“how”-“如何如何”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）用用tha

37、t/what填空：填空：1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatw

38、hatwhatthatwhat1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.A.Which;belong to B.As,belonged to C.What;be

39、longing to D.It;belonging to名词性从句练习名词性从句练习50题：题：4.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A That B.while C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have7._made

40、the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What/because B.What/that C.That/what D.That/because8._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What/why B.That/what C.What/because D.Why/that 9.He is absent from s

41、chool.It is _ he was punished!A.why B.because C.that D.the reason10._has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 11.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.that B.how C.where D.what 12._ is no

42、possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There,that B.It,that C.There,whether D.It,which 13.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where 14.Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excit

43、ed B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 15._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A.What B.That C.This D.Which 16.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give th

44、e monkey exactly _ he wants.A.what B.which C.when D.that 17.We made the suggestion that he _ his work.A.continues B.continue C.continued D.had continued 18.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever19.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had

45、 failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that (05)20.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.(05)A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever21.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut.A.and he B.was that he C.which he D.that he 22._ man must fear w

46、hen traveling in space is radiation from the sun.A.Which B.How C.What D.That 23.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.However B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 24.Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A.where she has put B.where had she put C.where she had put D.where ha

47、s she put25.The reason that he has been succeeding _ he never gives up.A.is B.is because C.is that D.is what26._ breaks the law should be punished.A.Whoever B.No matter who C.anyone.D.who 27.That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away.A.why B.reason why C.how D.what28.Do _ you think is rig

48、ht,_ difficulties you may have.A.what;however B.that;whatever C.whatever;whoever D.what;whatever29.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise.A.whether B.how C.where D.which 30.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which

49、 B.that C.what D.whether31.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how32.Difficulty lies _ we have no money.A.that B.in that C.in the fact D.in the fact that33.I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important.A.which B.whether C.h

50、ow D.why34.It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 35._ should be sent to work there?A.Who do you suggest B.Who do you suggest that shouldC.Do you suggest who should D.Do you suggest whom should36.The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples