动词词性详解-课件.ppt

1、二、动词的分类二、动词的分类(1)(3)(2)一、动词的定义一、动词的定义三、动词的时态三、动词的时态四、非谓语动词四、非谓语动词五、被动语态五、被动语态1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时5.过去进行时 6.现在完成时 7.过去完成时 8.过去将来时六、动词的基本形式六、动词的基本形式一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类二、短语动词二、短语动词构成方式构成方式举例举例动词动词+介词介词Look at,look after动词动词+副词副词Give up,put into动词动词+副词副词+介词介词Catch up with

2、,look down upon动词动词+名词名词+介词介词Take care of,pay attention to Be+形容词形容词+介词介词Be proud of,be afraid of 复杂结构复杂结构Make up ones mind：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下如下三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词1、谓语动词、谓语动词(如下如下)2、非谓语动词、非谓语动词2、非谓语动词、非谓语动词1.一般现在时一般现在时（1 1）表示经常发生或习惯

3、性的动作或状态）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态（2 2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力（3 3）表示客观事实或普遍用法）表示客观事实或普遍用法（4 4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时）用于状语从句代替一般将来时eg.We often write to each other.eg.We often write to each other.我们时常相互通信。我们时常相互通信。常与常与alwaysalways，usuallyusually，oftenoften，sometimessometimes，every dayevery day，once a weekonce a

4、 week，yearlyyearly每年，每年，monthlymonthly每月，每月，等时间状语或频率副词连用。等时间状语或频率副词连用。eg.He works hard.eg.He works hard.他努力工作他努力工作eg.The sun rises in the east.Light goes faster than soundeg.The sun rises in the east.Light goes faster than soundeg.You will succeed if you try.eg.You will succeed if you try.I will tel

5、l him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.常与连词：常与连词：when,as soon as,before,after,until,if when,as soon as,before,after,until,if 如果，等引导的如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句时间状语或条件状语从句2.一般过去时一般过去时(1).(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态.e.g.He arri

6、ved in Hangzhou an hour ago.Where were you just now?(2).(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态.e.g.Their children often went hungry in the old days.During his middle school years,he played football nearly every day.(3).(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等表示主语过去的特征或性格等.e.g.At that time she spoke very good English.(

7、4).(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如如:yesterday,last night,:yesterday,last night,two days(months,weeks)ago,in 1996,at that time two days(months,weeks)ago,in 1996,at that time 等等,也常和也常和when,ifwhen,if等引导的状语从句连用等引导的状语从句连用.e.g.Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon?My father,when he was

8、a child,worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.(5).(5).一般过去时可与一般过去时可与today,this week,this monthtoday,this week,this month等时间状语连用等时间状语连用.e.g.I saw him today.He came late three times this week.一般过去时的练习一般过去时的练习1.I saw him this morning.（改为否定句、疑问句并做回答）（改为否定句、疑问句并做回答）2.He came late three times this week.（

9、同上）（同上）3.Jim came late three times this week.(分别对分别对a,b,c,d提问提问)a b c d4.AI_(be)12 last year.B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night?No,he_(be not).C.What _he_(do)yesterday?He_(draw)some pictures in the park.5.A._ _a sweater on the desk just now.B.There are some children in the aquarium now.(用用

10、yesterday替换替换 now)_ _some children in the aquarium yesterday.C.There were some buildings here in the past.(改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句)_ _ _ buildings here in the past?3.一般将来时一般将来时a.will/shall+动词原形(备：在口语中，备：在口语中，shall和和will常缩写成常缩写成ll，紧接在主语之后。其否定式紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和和will not的简略式分别为的简略式分别为shant和和wont)(1)构成构成b.b

11、e going to+动词原形c.be+动词-ing形式（动词动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如如arrive,come,go,leave,move,start,stay,get等）等）d.be+动词不定式（例：例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m.你必须在上午你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事）(2)用法用法表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将要反复发生的动作表示将要反复发生的动作(3)常用结构常用结构用于用于祈使句祈使

12、句+and+陈术句陈术句中。中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed.与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him,he will help you.用于用于I expect,Im sure,I think,I wonder+宾语从句宾语从句中。中。I dont think the test will be very difficult.4.现在进行时现在进行时(1)(1)意义：意义：a.a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。常与常与now,the moment等连用。等连用。(2)(2)构

13、成：构成：主语主语+be+现在分词现在分词(v.+ing)例:Listen!Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.c.表示一种重复的动作，带有表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶厌恶”、“赞叹赞叹”等感情色彩。等感情色彩。例:My brother is always leaving things about.注注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。

14、现在进行时的练习现在进行时的练习1.What are you _(do)now?I _(eat)bread.2.Its nine oclock.My father_(work)in the office.3.Look,the boy_(put)the rubbish into the bin.4._he_(clean)the classroom?No,he isnt.He_(play).5.Where is Mak?He_(run)on the grass.6.Listen,who_(sing)in the music room?Oh,Mary_(sing)there.7.The birds

15、are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问).8.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问)9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)5.过去进行时过去进行时(1)(1)意义：意义：（2 2）构成：）构成：主语主语+was/were+现在分词现在分词1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：What were you doing when I phoned you last night?2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如：They wer

16、e building a dam last winter.去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。3用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.6.现在完成时现在完成时（1）意义：）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。一直延续到现在的动作或状态。（2）结构：）结构：助动词助动词h

17、ave/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（3）四大标志词：）四大标志词：*以以already,just和和yet为标志：为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 *以以ever和和never为标志：为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 *以动作发生的次数为标志：以动作发生的次数为标志：He says he has been to the USA three times.*以以so far为标志：为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生（4）注：）注：a.*“终止终止”、“延续延续”要转

18、换要转换常见的有常见的有:come-be,go out-be out,leave-be away(from),begin-be on,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-be a member/介词短语介词短语,die-be dead,become-be,open(v.)-be open(adj.)等。等。b.*时间时间“点点”、“段段”须分清须分清 for+时间段时间段 since+过去某一过去某一时刻时刻现在完成时的练习现在完成时的练习A)选用have,has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3

19、.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)C)单项选择6.-Where have you _,Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone7.Her grandfather _ for two years.A.diedB.has diedC.has been deadD.has been died8.Its six week

20、s _ I met you last.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for9.Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A.have gotB.have gone toC.have been toD.have reached7.过去完成时过去完成时(1)概念概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。如作或情况，即：过去的过去。如:When we got there,the football match had already started.当我们

21、赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。(2)构成构成:肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+had+过去分词过去分词+其他其他 否定句：主语否定句：主语+had not+过去分词过去分词+其他其他 疑问句：疑问句：Had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其他其他(3)用法用法:A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式：的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式：(1)用用by，before等构成的介词短语。等构成的介词短语。eg:Linda had learnt 10 English so

22、ngs by the end of last month.(2)用用when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句。等引导的时间状语从句。eg:The train had started before we got to the station.B.过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与过去的时间。常与for,since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years befo

23、re I came here.8.过去将来时过去将来时（1 1）意义：）意义：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态的状态,常用在宾语从句中常用在宾语从句中.（2 2）构成：）构成：主语主语+would/should+动词原形动词原形 主语主语+was/were+going to+动词原形动词原形 例:I didnt know if she would come.I wasnt sure whether he would do it.I didnt know if she was going to come.Wang Lei said that

24、she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.1.Weoften_(play)intheplaygound.2.He_(get)upatsixoclock.3._you_(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What(do)heusually(do)afterschool?5.Danny(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.6.Mikesometimes_(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.Ateightatnight,she_(watch)

25、TVwithhisparents.8._Mike_(read)Englisheveryday?9.H o w m a n y l e s s o n s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y o u rclassmate_(have)onMonday?10.Whattime_hismother_(do)thehousework?一般现在时的练习（一般现在时的练习（1）一般现在时的练习（一般现在时的练习（2）9.Mydogrunsfast.（改为否定句、一般疑问句）10.Mikehastwolettersforhim.（改为否定句、一般疑问句）11.Iusuallyplayfootballon

26、Fridayafternoon.（改为否定句、一般疑问句并对划线部分提问）12.SuYangusuallywashessomeclothesonSaturday.（同上）13.Mingmingusuallywaterstheflowerseveryday（同上）14.Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.（同上）英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则1 英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数过去式过去式过去分过去分

27、词词现在分词现在分词workworksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing 例：例：1、单三形式变化规则、单三形式变化规则（1）一般动词在词尾加）一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读在浊辅音或元音后读/z/;在在t后后读读/ts/,在在d后读后读/dz/。例如：。例如：help helps，swim swims（2）以字母）以字母s,x,ch,sh 结尾的动词加结尾的动词加-es,读读/iz/,在在d后读后读/dz/.以以o

28、结尾的动结尾的动词也加词也加es，读，读/z/。例如：。例如：guess guesses，teach teaches，go goes（3）以辅音字母加）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变结尾的动词，先变y为为i，再加，再加-es，读，读/z/。例如：。例如：fly flies carry carries 注：注：be is have has 2.2.动词动词-ing-ing形式的构成：形式的构成：（1 1）一般在动词末尾加一般在动词末尾加-ing.-ing.例如例如:go going:go going，ask askingask asking（2 2）以不发音字母）以不发音字母e e结尾的动词结尾

29、的动词,先去掉先去掉e,e,再加再加-ing.-ing.例如例如:write :write writingwriting，close closingclose closing，take take taking taking（3 3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加写这一字母，再加-ing.-ing.例如：例如：get gettingget getting，sit sittingsit sitting，put puttingput putting，run runningrun running，beg

30、in beginning begin beginning 3.3.规则动词过去式的构成规则动词过去式的构成（1 1）一般在动词原形末尾加）一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.-ed.结尾是结尾是e e 的动词直接加的动词直接加-d.-d.例如例如:look:look looked looked，play playedplay played，live livedlive lived，hope hopedhope hoped（2 2）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加加-ed.-ed.例如：例如：stop stopped

31、stop stopped，plan plannedplan planned，trip trippedtrip tripped （3 3）结尾是）结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母+y”+y”的动词，先变的动词，先变“y”y”为为“i”i”再加再加-ed.-ed.例例如如:study studied:study studied，carry carriedcarry carried 2（4）词尾）词尾-ed的读音的读音i.在浊辅音和元音后面读为在浊辅音和元音后面读为/d/.例如例如:called，moved ii 在浊辅音后面读为在浊辅音后面读为/t/.例如：例如：finished,helped iii 在

32、在/t/,/d/音后面读为音后面读为/id/.例如：例如：wanted,shouted(5)不规则动词过去式不规则动词过去式 常见的不规则动词的过去式有常见的不规则动词的过去式有:am/is was,are were,go went,have had,do did,get got,come came,say said,see sawput put,eat ate,take took等等 详见课本后附录并熟记！详见课本后附录并熟记！补：补：There be There be 结构结构“There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时”这样一种句型.句子中的is/are 和后面所跟的名词在数的方面

33、必须一致。（1）肯定句There is(Theres)a train in the picture.（2）否定句There is not(isnt)a picture on the wall.There are not(arent)any birds in the tree.（3）疑问句和简略答语Is there a girl under the tree?Yes,there is./No,there is not(isnt).Are there any glasses on the table?Yes,there are./No,there are not（arent）How many da

34、ys are there in a week?There are seven.3过去时的练习过去时的练习(1)1.-Where is Jim?-He _ to the shop.Hell be back in an hour.A.goes B.go C.has gone D.will go2.I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A.have seen B.was seeing C.saw D.see3.Im sorry youve missed the train.It _10 minutes ago.A.left B.has left C.ha

35、d left D.has been left4.-Mum,may I go out and play basketball?-_ you _ your homework yet?A.Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finish D.Have;finished5.-I dont know if his uncle_.-I think he_if it doesnt rain.A.will come;comes B.will come;will comeC.comes;will come D.comes;comes6.-Excuse me,look at the s

36、ign:NO PHOTOS!-Sorry,I_it.A.dont see B.didnt see C.havent seen D.wont see7.I think you were in a hurry.You_your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.Wore C.were wearing D.are wearing8.The traffic in our city is already bad and it_even worse.A.gets B.got C.has got D.is getting9.-Has Jack finished his home

37、work yet?-I have no idea.He_ it this morning.A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did10.-Sorry,I forget to post the letter for you.-Never mind,_ it myself tonight.A.Im going to post B.Ive decided to post C.Ill post D.Id rather postKey:1-5 CAADB6-10 BDDAC 过去时的练习过去时的练习(2)Practice(1)1.His father _

38、(took,was taking)a walk in the street when I met him.2.The glass _(dropped,was dropping)to the ground and broke into pieces.3.Jack told me he _(came,would come)back next month.4.Kate _(cleaned,was cleaning)the windows the day before yesterday.5.I knew she _(was going,had been)to Shanghai twice.6.Who

39、 _(sang,was singing)at ten last night?7.I _(talked,was talking)with Mrs.Green at this time yesterday.8.The two students _(fought,was fighting)when the teacher walked into the room.Practice(2)用动词的适当形式完成句子。用动词的适当形式完成句子。1.I _(get)two postcards from her last week.2.They _ not _(stay)there long because i

40、t was late.3.Who _(live)in that room last week?4.Yesterday I _(see)him in the street.5._(be)he a driver three years ago?6.He said he _(go)to New York next month.7.I _(do)my homework when my mother came back.8.The students _(be)not in the classroom at that time.9._ he _(play)basketball with his son y

41、esterday afternoon?10.I _(wash)my sport shoes just then.根据中文意思，用下列英文提示词语造句。根据中文意思，用下列英文提示词语造句。1.该是学习数学的时间了。study maths 2.这棵树和那棵树一样高。this tree,is,tall,that one 3.靠我一个人来移动这样床对我来说是很困难的。difficult,me,move,bed 4.这张床如此重以至于我移不动它。the bed,is,heavy,I cant move,it 5.昨天洗运动鞋花了我半小时的时间。me,half an hour,wash,my sport

42、 shoes,yesterday 1.Its time to study maths.2.This tree is as tall as that one.3.It is difficult for me to move the bed by myself.4.The bed is so heavy that I cant move it.5.It took me half an hour to wash my sport shoes yesterday.Practice(3)一般将来时的练习一般将来时的练习(1)()1.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon

43、.A.will be going to B.will going to be C.is going to be D.will go to be()2.Charlie _ here next month.A.isnt working B.doesnt working C.isnt going to working D.wont work()3.He _ very busy this week,he _ free next week.A.will be;is B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be()4.There _ a dolphin show in th

44、e zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be()5._ you _ free tomorrow?No.I _ free the day after tomorrow.A.Are;going to;will B.Are;going to be;will C.Are;going to;will be D.Are;going to be;will be一般将来时的练习一般将来时的练习(2)()6.Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A.

45、will gives B.will give C.gives D.give()7.Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?_.（不，不要。）A.No,you wont.B.No,you arent.C.No,please dont.D.No,please.()8.Where is the morning paper?I _ if for you at once.A.get B.am getting C.to get D.will get()9._ a concert next Saturday?A.There will be B.Will there be C.The

46、re can be D.There are()10.If they come,we _ a meeting.A.have B.will have C.had D.would have一般将来时的练习一般将来时的练习(3)()11.He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A.gives B.gave C.will give D.is going to giving()12.He _ to us as soon as he gets there.A.writes B.has written C.will write D.wrote()13.He

47、_ in three days.A.coming back B.came back C.will come back D.is going to coming back()14.If it _ tomorrow,well go roller-skating.A.isnt rain B.wont rain C.doesnt rain D.doesnt fine()15.Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?No,_（不去）.A.they willnt.B.they wont.C.they arent.D.they

48、 dont.一般将来时的练习一般将来时的练习(4)()16.Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?A.will;go B.do;go C.will;going D.shall;go()17.We _ the work this way next time.A.do B.will do C.going to do D.will doing()18.Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first,and then _ boating in the park.A.will fly;will go B.will f

49、ly;goes C.is going to fly;will goes D.flies;will go()19.The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match.A.will watching B.watches C.is watching D.is going to watch()20.There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A.shall be B.will be C.shall going to be D.will going to be一般将来时的练习（一般将来时的练习（5）()21.They _ an

50、English evening next Sunday.A.are having B.are going to have C.will having D.is going to have()22._ you _ free next Sunday?A.Will;are B.Will;be C.Do;be D.Are;be()23.He _ there at ten tomorrow morning.A.will B.is C.will be D.be()24._ your brother _ a magazine from the library?A.Are;going to borrow B.