高考英语完形填空解题技巧和方法课件.ppt

1、高考英语专题复习高考英语专题复习-完形填空解题技巧指导完形填空解题技巧指导12/5/20221补全心理补全心理格式塔心理学格式塔心理学:当看见不完整的事物时，人们根当看见不完整的事物时，人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概念，会在思想据脑子里对事物的完整概念，会在思想上把它补全上把它补全.2 完形填空是高考试题中的一个重要部分。完形完形填空是高考试题中的一个重要部分。完形填空共填空共20题，考试时间为题，考试时间为20分钟左右，分值为分钟左右，分值为30分，占总分的分，占总分的20。在两篇题材熟悉、难度适中。在两篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文的短文(约约350词词)内留有内留有20个空格，每个空格为一个空

2、格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。结构恢复完整。一一.高中英语课程标准和考试说明高中英语课程标准和考试说明对高考完形填空的规定：对高考完形填空的规定：341）词语辨析能力）词语辨析能力2）语法结构分析能力）语法结构分析能力3）语篇理解能力）语篇理解能力4）逻辑推理能力）逻辑推理能力5）文化背景透析能力）文化背景透析能力6）生活常识综合运用能力）生活常识综合运用能力567 对于对于叙事，描述类叙事，描述类文章。短文的文章。短文的首句首

3、句，往往点明故事发生的往往点明故事发生的人物人物(who),时间时间（when），地点），地点(where)，和事件，和事件(what)等背景等背景情况。例：情况。例：It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital.2010全国卷（全国卷（I）89 对于对于论述文，首句表明了论述的论述文，首句表明了论述的主题主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：A man who knows how to write a personal letter h

4、as a very powerful tool.A letter can be enjoyed,read and 21 .2010全国卷（全国卷（II）101、说明文、说明文直白性较强直白性较强，脉络清晰。脉络清晰。2、说明文的、说明文的层次清晰，整体性强层次清晰，整体性强，所以，所以，递进性词汇和名词递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。的设题往往出现得较多。只要把握这些关键，做完形填空便会得心只要把握这些关键，做完形填空便会得心应手，游刃有余。应手，游刃有余。11完形填空总体要求完形填空总体要求 完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。阅

5、读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，需要我们立猜测、推断、验证的过程，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。12词汇题词汇题高考完形填空高考完形填空考什么？考什么？篇章结构篇章结构(语境语境)语法结构语法结构12/5/2022131.1.没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，通篇文章，单纯求快单纯求

6、快，忽略语篇理解忽略语篇理解，只，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。三：为什么我们在这一题型上总是三：为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多失分较多?切记切记:一定要用一定要用2-32-3分钟时间分钟时间先进行先进行缺词缺词阅读阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空手逐个填空.142.2.不注意不注意积累积累答题技巧答题技巧:a.a.忽略文章忽略文章首句首句的提示作用；的提示作用；b.b.忽

7、略文章中忽略文章中上下文之间的照应上下文之间的照应关系关系;c.c.遇到长句不注意遇到长句不注意分析句子结构分析句子结构,在在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择选择.12/5/202215 3 3.时间安排不当时间安排不当:在几个选项上在几个选项上过分纠过分纠缠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。的题来不及做。切记切记:正确的做法是正确的做法是由易到难由易到难，先做会做，先做会做 的，再考虑较难的。的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的题的可能的两项填入空格可能的两项

8、填入空格,然后快速地整然后快速地整句整段地默读句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.12/5/202216四四.解题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则:先完意，后完形。先完意，后完形。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读十六字方针：十六字方针：上下通气上下通气 ，瞻前顾后，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，前后照应左顾右盼，前后照应 。17五五.完形填空具体解题步骤完形填空具体解题步骤通览通览-选填选填-复核复核 1 通览通览-速读全文，把握大意速读全文，把握大意 跳格跳格快速快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，

9、概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容等等。意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容等等。2 选填选填-紧扣文意紧扣文意，瞻前顾后瞻前顾后 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和文和语境语境，展开，展开逻辑推理逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻，注意从上下文中寻找线找线索索，注意词汇的，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等等多个角度进行综合考，选项入格。多个角度进行综合考，选项入格。183 复核复核-全面检查全面检查，确保，确保语意连贯语意连贯，用用词词准确准确 复读全文验证答案。带着答案把全文再复读全文验证答案。带着答案把全

10、文再通读一遍通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。、结构完整、首尾呼应。19完形填空之完形填空之 解题技巧解题技巧Basic skills of cloze20细读文章的第一句话细读文章的第一句话 高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Topic SentenceSentence），这就为我们理解文章的内），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个在联系提供了一个“窗口窗口”，它

11、的句意，它的句意往往为往往为全文提供中心信息全文提供中心信息，能直接概括，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。全文大意、揭示主题。充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利争取开局胜利。211.上下文和上下文和前后句的提示前后句的提示（复现、同（复现、同/近义词、反义词）近义词、反义词）一：词汇题一：词汇题12/5/202222 1.(2010北京卷北京卷)Mrs.Neidl would ask me for my 37 .She wanted to know how I thought She b

12、elieved I had opinions,so I began to .37.A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intentionopinions语境语境-原词重现原词重现12/5/2022232.(2010陕西卷）陕西卷）I had some 28 in my pocker,but I would not give them to him,thinking to myself he would 29（only）use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.28.A.chocola

13、tes B.coins C.tins D.drugs语境语境-同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现12/5/2022243.Many old people dont have good _.They cant watch TV,but they can listen to music or news over the radio.A hearing B health C eyesight D time4.Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very,very_.A.deep B.high C.col

14、d D.dangerous12/5/2022语境语境-同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现25语境语境-原词重现原词重现(词性变化词性变化)14266.and then both ended up from the same high school.Just three weeks before_,Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京）北京）A graduation B movement C separation D vacationA12/5/202227n7The amount of usable water has always been

15、of great interest in the world.Holding springs and streams sometimes means control,particularly in the 22 areas like the desert.22Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 12/5/2022288The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below.34Aclouds Bsky Cair Dabove 9In 1964

16、 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_.She wanted to be independent and work full time.44.A.informationB.helpC.a job D.an assistant12/5/20222910.The stone men face 41,rather than out to sea,and their eyes are focused upon the sky.41.A.forward B.outward C.onward D.inward11.The art expe

17、rts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on the picture.These checks found traces(痕迹痕迹)of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.45.A.try B.remove C.wash D.check12/5/20223012/5/2022词汇题词汇题311.（2010全国全国I)The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting

18、area,37(telling)him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before)someone would be able to see him.36 A.breath B.test C.seat D.break语境语境-固定搭配固定搭配take a 3612/5/2022322.The city(Washington)was named_George Washington,the first president of the United States.A.by B.for C.as D.after 3.It was 4 oclock when t

19、he front doorbell rang.Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.A.cooking B.making C.burning D.serving12/5/2022334.Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(2003 北京北京 春春 50小题）小题）A.fell B.sat C.lay D.knelt345.,but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest,Said John Norris,on

20、e of the protesters.（NMET1999第第30题题)A.doing B.raising C.putting D.producing 12/5/202235 6.Hed 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living,37 had his father and grandfather before him.36A.cost B.spent C.take D.paid37A.like B.as if C.so D.nor36 7.On April 12,1888,Alfreds brother

21、 Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper _ his brother for him and A.found B.misunderstoodC.mistook D.judged能与能与“A for B”搭配的在四个选项中只有搭配的在四个选项中只有选项选项C,mistake A for B意为意为“误以为误以为A是是B，把，把A错当成错当成B”。注意：。注意：mistake-mistook-mistaken378.(2008安徽安徽)When we look at it as a whole,we begin to have so

22、me_,which even the best guidebooks donot .A.ideas B.opinions C.feelings D.questionsanswer38 3.3.根据词汇的根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义意义及用法辨析词义12/5/2022词汇题词汇题3912/5/202240 1.(2010江苏卷江苏卷)My father 36 me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 2.(2010

23、全国全国I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily)have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have.54 A.learn B make C.favor D.try语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析36 me tojust 54 the best of语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析12/5/2022413.The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away.A.on B.within C.in D.under A.run

24、ning B.floating C.flowing D.pulling12/5/2022424.With her slow and clumsy reactions,she would surely _ her team.A.hold on B.hold out C.hold over D.hold up坚持住；不挂断坚持住；不挂断伸出等伸出等推迟推迟阻碍阻碍,举起，举起，抢劫，推迟抢劫，推迟笨拙的笨拙的435.The trainer decided it was useless trying to finish.He called to Trudy to 45.45A.keep up B.s

25、low down C.give up D.take up6.The forest began to disappear,which 53 all the animals dying out.53.A.resulted in B.resulted from C.created D.lay in447.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great _ to th

26、e causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.A.additions B.sacrifices C.changes D.contributions make additions to 给给增加增加 make sacrifices for 为为做出牺牲做出牺牲 make changes to对对作修改作修改 make contributions to 对对作贡献作贡献45 8.So I tried hard with my writing and went to college.My first novel 45 while I was at col

27、lege.45.A.came on B.came in C.came out D.came backcome on 加油，得了吧；开始加油，得了吧；开始come out 出来出来;盛开盛开;出版出版;显出显出come in 进来进来 come back 回来回来46 4.4.根据生活常识根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择及文化背景知识进行选择12/5/2022词汇题词汇题471.I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie.39 the butter-cream gave me an idea.A.Spreading B.

28、Boiling C.Baking D.Holding生活常识生活常识常识、背景知识常识、背景知识2.(2010福建福建)Born in America,I spoke English not Chinese，the language of my ancestors.When I was three.my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face,but I pused them 37(aside),36.A.custorn B.games C.characters D.language 12/5/202248 3.I turned the

29、 key in the lock and _the door open.A.knocked B.forced C.pushed D.tried语境语境-常识常识494.(20084.(2008浙江浙江)I dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool.But he did .Any kind of ride seemed to give him pleasure.And he loved to fishA.boat B.bus C.train D.bikelove the water505.,you _the interna

30、tional dateline.By agreement,this is the point where a new day_.A.see B.cross C.are D.are stopped byA.is coming B.is discovered C.is invented D.beginsthe international dateline是是国际日期变更线国际日期变更线，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案分别为新的一天开始的地方。答案分别为 B D51排除法排除法52 逻辑手段逻辑手段让步关系

31、让步关系转折关系转折关系因果关系因果关系解释关系解释关系顺序关系顺序关系并列关系并列关系12/5/2022二：二：逻辑手段逻辑手段53 1.（2010江苏卷江苏卷)Then she looked at my father and replied,“You are 40(wrong).This is not the worst boy at all,41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（释放的途径）（释放的途径）for his enthusiasm.”41.A.but B.so C.and D.or语境语境-转折关系、搭配转折关系、搭

32、配 the smartest54 2.（2010湖南卷湖南卷)Bean is a white dog,quite handsome and very 38 .38.A.smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy语境语境-同类并列关系同类并列关系12/5/202255 3.（2010安徽卷安徽卷)First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand,.Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick,dark line.52.A.Meanwhile

33、B.Generally C.Afterwards D.Finally语境语境-顺序关系顺序关系12/5/2022564.A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people.A.Besides B.However C.Yet D.Sometimes5.At first nothing happened,_suddenly a large rat rushed out ofthe A.and B.or C.so D.then

34、12/5/2022576.My main responsibility(职责）职责）were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京北京 第第40题）题）A.or B.so C.but D.even12/5/202258语境语境-让步关系让步关系59语境语境-并列关系并列关系60 2 2：语法结构分析：语法结构分析12/5/2022二：二：逻辑手段逻辑手段61 When we talked,I discovered（发现）（发现）some differences in school life be

35、tween the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _ than that in China.We usually have forty minutes in each class.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterlogic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）/语境语境62（辽宁）（辽宁）42 is known to us all,there is not 43(enough)water in all places for every-o

36、ne to use as much as he likes.42.A.That B.It C.What D.As 定语从句定语从句42空指代主句空指代主句therehe likes.63 When Ed first phoned and _ we play,I laughed quietly,figuring on an easy victory.(NMET2003,37题）题）A.declared B.mentioned C.persuaded D.suggested64 65The instructor then _ that we find ways to make apologize

37、to people.A.expected B.suggested C.told D.saidwe find=we should find 66Of course,he did not understand a thing,but he nodded his head as he_A.did B.had C.understood D.could这儿这儿did 代替代替understood,不不选选understood避免重复。属避免重复。属语法考点语法考点.67(2007辽宁辽宁)What made him sad was _ A.whether B.why C.when D.that his

38、piano teacher in Beijing didnt like him.68 完型填空中完型填空中语法结构语法结构方面测试方面测试较少较少1）虚拟语气；）虚拟语气；2）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）；定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）；3）状语从句；）状语从句；4）非谓语动词；）非谓语动词；5）主谓搭配一致）主谓搭配一致；6）并列句；并列句；7）省略句；）省略句；8）倒装句及复杂句子）倒装句及复杂句子 注意上注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样才能确保答案的正确。下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样

39、才能确保答案的正确。69三：语篇理解三：语篇理解作者观点、态度作者观点、态度70Life is very 55,so dont rush to make decisions.Life doesnt let you plan.55A.hard B.busy C.short D.longDr.Shirley Jeanne Allen has traveled many roads and followed many rainbows searching for her dream.With courage and _56_,she never gave up.56.A.determinationB

40、.intelligence C.strengthD.pride12/5/202271This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong 40 to find a way out of trouble.40Adesire Binspire Cinfluence Dattitude12/5/202272小结：完型填空考查内容小结：完型填空考查内容 原词复现原词复现同义同义.近义复近义复现现 指指 代代 句句 型型 并列关系并列关系 转折关系转折关系 让步关让步关系系 解释关系解释关系语法项

41、目语法项目 顺序关系顺序关系 因果关系因果关系词汇手段词汇手段语法手段语法手段逻辑手段逻辑手段语篇信息语篇信息（语境理解）（语境理解）反义词反义词习惯用法习惯用法作者观点、态度作者观点、态度73注意注意上下文语境上下文语境了解了解常识背景常识背景掌握习惯搭配掌握习惯搭配运用运用词义辨析词义辨析运用语法分析运用语法分析运用逻辑分析运用逻辑分析运用排除法运用排除法解题过程中应做到解题过程中应做到12/5/202274英语完形填空解题步骤英语完形填空解题步骤1.通读全文，统揽全局。通读全文，统揽全局。首句主题首句主题2.逐句分析，确定选项。逐句分析，确定选项。比较选项比较选项3.通盘理解，上下一致。

42、通盘理解，上下一致。作者思想作者思想4.复读全文，核对答案。复读全文，核对答案。第一感觉第一感觉12/5/202275v急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意。不了解文意。v只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。关键。v断章取义，不管前后照应，前后矛盾。断章取义，不管前后照应，前后矛盾。v不善于逻辑推理，容易受思维定势的不善于逻辑推理，容易受思维定势的干扰干扰,忽视特定语境中知识的应用。忽视特定语境中知识的应用。76如何提高能力技巧如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）二、打好语法基础二、打好语法基础 三、扩充词汇量（词汇是完型之根，动三、扩充词汇量（词汇是完型之根，动 词、名词为主）词、名词为主）四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好五、坚持每天做两篇，以提高实战能力五、坚持每天做两篇，以提高实战能力7712/5/20227812/5/202279