高考英语《完形填空答题技巧及训练》课件.ppt

1、完型填空完型填空 之能力训练目标之能力训练目标：1)词语辨析能力词语辨析能力2)语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力3)语篇理解能力语篇理解能力4)逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力5)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力6)作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力7)生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力1.1.题材常为说明文或题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章.2.2.内容完整内容完整,逻辑性强逻辑性强,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨.3.3.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.4.4.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词:名名/代代/动词动词/形容形容/副副词等词等.5.5.关注语境背景知识关

2、注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联,暗示暗示判断能力判断能力.6.6.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑.完型填空特点完型填空特点:完形填空总体要求完形填空总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等识等进行解题。进行解题。解题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则:“先完意

3、，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读三步答题三步答题Step1Skip(跳读跳读)the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test,there is no blank in the first sentence(首句首句).It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮

4、助进入语境）Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案的方法选择最佳答案)Four methods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息

5、-原词复现、近义词和原词复现、近义词和反义词等反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense(文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）Tips:1.the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2.grammar and collocati

6、ons (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理文的衔接是否合理)完形填空之完形填空之 九大解题技巧九大解题技巧 I did very badly at school.My headmaster thought I was

7、36 and when I was 14,he said,“Youre never going to be 37(anything)but a failure.”36.A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopeful2.根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer),but I always knew he was 37 .He never criticized us,but used 38 to bring out our best.37.A.strict B.honest C

8、.special D.learned 38.A.help B.peace C.smile D.praisePractice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers.Although his family often 43 about that,Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight.43.A.cared B.forgot C.quarreled D.joked 44.A.clean B.straight C.larger D.da

9、rker常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus,therefore,so；递进关系：递进关系：besides,whats more,further;转折关系：转折关系：but,while,however等。等。3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题利用语篇的标志性的词语解题She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n)_1_vacation,but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of

10、Kodak color film she had not yet developed.1.A.disappointing B.wonderful C.uncomfortable D.important_and the officers then began to eat their meal,saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_37_quite pleasant taste.37.A.besides B.but C.and D.or 4.根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题 Students generally appreciate these

11、 special 50 opportunities.They are almostalways fun and interesting,and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a few short months.50.A.working B.living C.teaching D.learning 51.A.hold B.like C.dislike D.discoverPracticeThe amount of usable water has always been of great interes

12、t in the world.36(Owning)springs and streams sometimes means control,particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 5.根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择I went into a caf and asked for a coffee.21 I was waiting for my drink,I realized that there were other people in the place,

13、but I sensed 22(loneliness).ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题1)He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place.1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D.for all2)So I tried hard with my writing and went to college.My first novel 45 while I was at

14、 college.45.A.came on B.came in C.came out D.came back7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题8.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题How does a tooth go bad?The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel(珐琅）珐琅）covering of the tooth.This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there.Then the decay slowly spreads ins

15、ide the tooth.In the end,poison goes into blood,and we may feel quite ill.51.A.destruction B.decay C.fault D.hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。空空51和红体单词在和红体单词在意义上是一致的，意义上是一致的，属于属于同义词复现现象同义词复现现象。.I raised the pistol and fired.The animal fell backwards with an angry cry.Father took the _38_ smoking pistol fro

16、m my hand,and fired another shot,which killed the gorilla.38.A.still B.yet C.even D.already9.利用语气副词的情景解题利用语气副词的情景解题完形填空之完形填空之 实战训练实战训练 Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else?We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terrible_2_.The Waratah laterdis

17、appeared entirely,witheveryone on _3_.Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_,but they didnthelp the other people.Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else?1.A.leftB.got C.droveD.enter 2.A.ideas B.suggestions C.dreamsD.words 3.A.boardB.ship C.seaD.deck 4.A.lifeB.death C.illnessD.di

18、sease 5.A.similarly B.differently C.strangely D.unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany.In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8_.He ranoff as fast as he could,butthey followed.He reach

19、eda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim,one to the right andthe other to the left.Whichroad ought he to _11_?6.A.aloneB.once C.stillD.even 7.A.whileB.as C.beforeD.when 8.A.floorB.earth C.soilD.ground 9.A.whichB.that C.whereD.who10.A.sameB.separate C.dividedD.crossed11.A.takeB.bring C.carry

20、D.go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwhenoncetake He heard the two men_12_ him,getting nearerand at the same time he heard a voice in his ear.Ittold him to go to the _13_,and he did so.He ran on and soon came to a smallhotel.He was _14_here kindly and given a room,and so he was _15_from the two men.Thatw

21、as the dream.12.A.next to B.in front of C.besideD.behind13.A.houseB.hotel C.leftD.right14.A.accepted B.received C.refusedD.closed15.A.killed B.murdered C.savedD.robbedbehindright下文有暗示receivedsaved16.A.exactly B.really C.sincerely D.actually17.A.happened B.performed C.actedD.chose18.A.forgot B.rememb

22、ered C.missed D.noticed19.A.arrivedB.left C.reachedD.got20.A.agoB.before C.laterD.after Twenty years later he was_16_ in the Black Forestand as it _17_ in thedream long before,two menran out and tried to throw himdown.He ran off,and came toa place with two roads as in the dream.He_18_ thedream and took the road to the right.He soon _19_asmall hotel,was taken in,andso was safe.His dream oftwenty years _20_ had Saved his life.reallyhappenedrememberedreachedbefore第11题答案第13题答案