高中英语语法代词课件.ppt

1、.1代 词 (pron.).2定义与分类 代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。.3一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清.4.51、人称代词有几类？2、人称代词的用法是：3、物主代词有几种？如何区别？Try to answer有两类：主格和宾格。人称代词的主格在句中作主语，人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语。有两种：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后面跟名词；名词性物主代词后面不能跟名词。.61.人称代词(表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词叫人

2、称代词）I wemeusyouyouyouyouhesheit himherittheythem用法口诀：人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；主格定把主语作，宾格作宾不会错。.7注：1.Mr Brown teaches_ history this year.A.We B.us C.ours2._isnt here.Whats wrong with _?A.She;she B.Her;her C.She;her3.please tell_ about it if _dont know.them;they B.they;they C.them;themBCA 人称代词作主语时,要用主格形式;作宾语时,

3、在动词、介词后面用宾格形式。.8注：1.LastSundayeverybodywenttothecinemaexcept_.A.meandTomB.TomandIC.Tomandme2._haveneverbeentoBeijing.A.We,youandtheyB.You,theyandweC.You,themandusCA 几个人称代词并列使用时,单数代词的人称顺序常为你、他/她、我。复数代词的人称代词顺序为我们、你们、他们。即we,youandthey(主格);us,youandthem(宾格).1.-Who broke the window?-_.A.Li Ming and I B.I

4、 and Li Ming C.Li Ming and meB 在承认错误时，把（我）放在其他人称前面表示勇于承认错误。.9【巧学妙记】人称代词的排列顺序:人称代词并列现，排列顺序记心间。单数形式二、三、一，复数形式一、二、三。若把错误责任担，第一人称最当先。.10.11单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/I复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they .12.131.Whobrokethewindow?Not_.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited_havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught

5、_Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.they.14【温馨提示】it的其他用法.15IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellfirst.Itisimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.161.-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Idontknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho_was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIput_.A.oneB.itC.that3.Icantfindmyhat.Ithink

6、Imustbuy_.A.itB.oneC.that.17 Ifound_verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.itsB.itC.that2.It_myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.A.spentB.costC.took 3.Itisgreatfun_surfingontheInternet.A.goB.togoC.going.18二.物主代词my my ourouryour your your your his his her her its its their their mine mine ourours s you

7、ryours s youryours s his his herhers s its its theirtheirs s .19物主代词形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?.20名词性物主代词可用在of后面做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg:He is a friend of mine.212.物

8、主代词(我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他们的）myour your yourhis heritstheirmineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs用法口诀：物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用。名词性、独立用，主宾表语它都充。.22【巧学妙记】形物代词能力差，自己不能来当家。句子当中作定语，后面要把名词加。名物代词能力强，自己独来又独往。句子成分主表宾，后面名词不能跟。.23根据汉语填空:1、Thetwolittlegirlsarecrying.Theycantfind_(她们的)mother.2、Istheshirton

9、thebed_(你的)?3、ThisredblouseisntHelens._isblue.(她的)theiryoursHers.24注：1.-Arethese_coats?-No,theyarent._arehere.A.your,OursB.your,WeC.you,Ours2.Whosephotoisthis?Its_.A.meB.mineC.my3.Wedecidedtogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof_.A.usB.ourC.oursABC形容词性物主代词只能作定语,后面接名词.名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语或表语，后面没有名词。形容词性物主代词+名词=

10、名词性物主代词.251.Sheisafriendof_.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisntmypen,itis_.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcantfind_dictionary.Canyoulend_to_?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him.264._schoolismuchbiggerthan_.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause_legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.its.27三.反身代词myselfourse

11、lvesyourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherself itself.28反身代词的用法定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾selfself、复数加词尾selves selves 构成。在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。.29（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,look enjoy,hurt,teach,look afterafter等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1.enjoy oneself=have a good ti

12、me1.enjoy oneself=have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?night?2.help oneself(to sth.)2.help oneself(to sth.)随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。Help yourselves to some fruit.Help yourselves to some fruit.303.hurt oneself 3.hurt oneself

13、伤着自己 She didnt hurt herself.She didnt hurt herself.4.teach oneself=learn by oneself4.teach oneself=learn by oneself自学 Did you teach yourself English?Did you teach yourself English?=Did you learn English by yourself?=Did you learn English by yourself?5.look after oneself 5.look after oneself 照顾自己 I c

14、an look after myself well.I can look after myself well.316.say to oneself自言自语 Mary said to herself,“What shall I do?”e to oneself苏醒 Soon the boy came to herself.8.make oneself+过去分词，使自己被别人 She did her best to make herself understood.9.lose oneself in 沉浸于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the beautiful

15、music.10.dress oneself 自己穿衣服 11.look after oneself 照顾自己.32（二）反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语1.by oneself=alone1.by oneself=alone自己做 She has done her homework by herself.She has done her homework by herself.2.for oneself2.for oneself为自己 She made the skirt for herself.She made the skirt for herself.3.of oneself3.of o

16、neself自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself.The door opened of itself.4.among themselves4.among themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among They are discussing the matter among themselves.themselves.33（三）作表语反身代词可与bebe动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。The little boy was myself.The little boy was myself

17、.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。1.1.作主语的同位语 He himself wrote the words and music of He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.the songs.2.2.作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother I will give the letter to your brother himself.himself.34 Themanisrich,hecanbuy_alot

18、ofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.-Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?-Imadeitby_.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help_tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your.351.TomandAnnstoodinfrontofthemirrorandlookedat_.A.himB.themC.themselves2.Webelieveyouallenjoyed_atKatesbirthday.A.yourB.yourself

19、C.yourselves3.DontleaveMaryby_.Sheisonlyoneyearold.A.herselfB.herC.hersCCA-Whoteaches_English?-Iteach_.A.you;meB.yourself;myselfC.you;myself.364.4.指示代词【this（这个）,that（那个）,these（这些）,those（那些）】单数复数用法thisthesethat近指远指thosethis对应词that复数形式those对应词these单数形式复数形式单数形式.37【温馨提示】(1)打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。例如：Thi

20、sisSallyspeaking.IsthatLinda?我是萨莉。你是琳达吗？(2)that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词；若前面提到的是复数名词，则用those代替。例如：.38TheweatherinGuangzhouismuchwarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.冬天广州的天气比北京的暖和得多。Theapplesonthistreearebiggerthanthoseonthatone.这棵树上的苹果比那棵树上的大。.391.TheweatherofKunmingisbetterthan_ofBeijing.A.itB.thisC.th

21、at2.TheradiosmadeinGuangdongareasgoodas_madeinShanghai.A.it B.thoseC.thatCB导析：为避免重复，在比较结构中，可用that,that,thosethose代替前面提到过的名词（单数名词用thatthat，复数名词用thosethose）。1.-Is_MrGreenspeaking?-Yes,whos_?-_isMrWang.A.this,that,ThisB.this,this,ThatC.that,that,ThisC导析：以上是电话用语。打电话时询问对方是谁用that.that.Is that?Is that?你是吗？

22、Whos that(speaking)?Whos that(speaking)?你是谁？介绍自己用this.This isthis.This is我是。.40四、指示代词this/that/these/those.414.打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。如：This is Mike speaking.Whos that?5.用于比较结构中The weather in China is quite different from that in USA.42【辨析】one,it,that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，oneone泛指上下文提及的同

23、类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，thatthat常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Zhengzhou is much wetter than that of Shanghai.43one itone itTheboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move_away.A.itB.oneC./Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy_.A.oneB.itC./Hownice

24、yourbagis!Iwanttobuy_.A.itB.oneC./one同类不同件it同类同件.44四.指示代词ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan_ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.itTheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas_madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.thoseWhatIwanttotellyouis_thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that.45 五、疑问代词的用法：.46 疑问代词的用法：.471.Thats the kind woman that/

25、who takes care of the children.2.The nurse is speaking to the woman whose daughter is badly ill.3.The trees which/that we planted five years ago have grown very big.48语法要点：复合不定代词 不定代词some,any,no,every与-one,-body,-thing构成复合代词。我们称之为复合不定代词。.49语法要点：复合不定代词11.somebody,something,someone一般用于肯定句中，anything,an

26、ybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句、和条件状语从句。e.g.There is someone outside the door.I dont have anything to say today.Is there anyone in the room？.50如：-Did you buy anything special?-Yes,I bought something for my father.-No,I didnt buy anything.(I bought nothing)Someone is singing in the next room.Does anyone live

27、 in the old house?Did you go out with anyone?No one knows his name.51语法要点：复合不定代词44.但在表示请求、建议、反问等的疑问句中，问话者希望得到肯定答复时，常用含有some的不定代词omething,somebody,someone等。Will you ask someone to carry the box for me?Would you like something to eat?.52语法要点：复合不定代词55.anyone,anything也可用在肯定句中，表示“任何人，任何事”Anyone can do th

28、is.I can do anything for you.53()1.Im hungry.I want _ to eat.A.anythingB.something C.everythingD.nothing()2.Do you have _ to say for yourself?No,I have _ to say.A.something;everything B.nothing;something C.everything;anything D.anything;nothing()3.Everything _ ready.We can start now.A.areB.isC.beD.w

29、ere()4.Theres _ with his eyes.Hes OK.A.anything wrongB.wrong something C.nothing wrongD.wrong nothing.54()1.Im hungry.I want _B_ to eat.A.anythingB.something C.everythingD.nothing()2.Do you have _D_ to say for yourself?No,I have _ to say.A.something;everything B.nothing;something C.everything;anythi

30、ng D.anything;nothing()3.Everything _B_ ready.We can start now.A.areB.isC.beD.were()4.Theres _C_ with his eyes.Hes OK.A.anything wrongB.wrong something C.nothing wrongD.wrong nothing.55课堂练习一、用somebody,anybody,anything,nobody填空。_brokethewindowlastnight.Did_seeorhear_?Ididnthearorsee_.Iheardabignoisea

31、ndIlookedout,butIdidntsee_.A:Iheardanoiseoutsidelastnight.Therewasastrongwind.Ithinkthewidowwasntclosed.Itbrokeinthewind.B:Ithinkyouareright._brokeit.Itwasthewind.SomebodyanybodyanythinganythinganybodyNobody.563a3aFill in the blanks with the words in the boxAnd practice the conversation Linda:Did yo

32、u do_ fun on your vacation,Alice?Alice:yes,I did.I went to Sanya.Linda:How did you like it?Alice:Well,it was my first time there.So _ was really interesting.Linda:Did you go with_?Alice:Yes,I did.I went with my sister.Linda:Did you go shopping?Alice:Of course.I bought _ for my parents,but _ for myse

33、lf.Linda:Why didnt you buy_ for yourself?Alice:I didnt really see _ I liked.anythingeverythinganyonesomethinganythingnothinganythinganyonesomethinganythingeverythingnothing.573b3bFill in the blanks in the e-mail message with the words in the boxanything everythingnothing everyoneno oneDear Bill,How

34、was your vacation?Did you do _ interesting?Did _ in the family go with you?I went to a friends farm in the countryside with my family._ was great.We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs.They were so cute!The only problem was that there was _ much to do in the evening but read.Still _ seemed to be bo

35、red.Bye for now.MarkanythingeveryoneeverythingnothingNo one.58常见不定代词的用法1.some/any的用法比较Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?你要来点咖啡吗？Youcanaskmeanyquestion.你可以问我任何一个问题。.59 some&anysome肯定句any否定句/疑问句/条件句some也可以用于疑问句中表示请求、建议，希望得到肯定答复。Wouldyoulike_coffee?some不定代词（something,anyone）+形容词.601.Doyouhave_todothisevening?A.im

36、portantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._iswatchingTV.Letsturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike_?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse.611.ManylocalpeopleinLeshanprefertogoto_inMountEmeifortheirsummerholiday.A.somewherecoldB.coldsomewhereC.somew

37、herecoolD.coolsomewhere.622.Canyoutellme_aboutyourfriends?A.somethingdifferentB.differentanythingC.differentsomething.633.Ihave_todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething.64 few/afew&little/alittle当前面由only修饰，常用afew或alittle.alittle可表示“有点，稍微”.65 Althoughall

38、thegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only_passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Dontworry.Thereis_timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!_peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few.662022-12-5little,a littlelittle,a little和few,a few few,a few 练习：1.We have_ friends here.I often talk with them.2.There

39、is _water in my glass.Just have some,please.3.My father has_friends in the factory.He is new there.4.There is_ time left.We must hurry up.afewalittlefewlittle.67 3.each:（两者或以上）每一 every:（三者或以上）每一的，仅作定语总结every,each的用法1.every/each+名词单数each可以单独作主语例如:Eachhashisownidea.every必须与名词连用才可作主语注意:2.eachof+代词宾格复数(

40、us/you/them)+the+名词复数.68each everyeach everyIgavethem_anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachofThereisalineoftreeson_sideofthestreet.AeveryBeachCbothShegoesshopping_fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof他隔天来这里。Hecamehere_day.everyother.69none no onenone no oneHowmanypeoplearethereintheroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.LucyWhoisint

41、heroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.oneNoneofthem_China.A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom.70_ofthegirls_him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knowsBothofhisparents_teachers.A.isB.areC.wasBothofhisbrothers_inthishospital,butneitherofthem_adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeither neither

42、 botheither neither both.71either neither botheither neither bothEitherTomorthetwins_thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.findsNeitheryounorI_ascientist.A.isB.areC.amBothTomandMary_hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studying.72 ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They_liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either LucyandLily_agreewithus

43、.A.allB.bothC.neither Howareyourparents?Theyare_fine.A.bothB.allC.no.73Ididntseeit,_.A.tooB.aswellC.eitherHecouldntopenthedoor._.A.NeithercouldIB.SocouldIC.NeithercouldntI They_ingoodhealth,andthey_there.A.areboth;willbothgoB.bothare;willgobothC.areboth;bothgoes.742022-12-57.both,either 和neither（两者之

44、间）both表示“两者都”,作主语时谓语动词用复数,可以构成bothand的句型 Both of us are doctors.You are both wrong.Both the students are American Both you and he are right.both of 的否定式是Neither of,Both of them come from Japan.Neither of them comes from Japan.752022-12-5 either表示两者中的任何一个,在句中可用作主语,宾语和定语,用作定语时后面只接单数名词.1.-Would you lik

45、e a cup of tea or a glass of water?-Either will do.2.There are many trees on either side of the river.either 可以构成eitheror,表示或者或者,要么要么Either Tom or Jack will stay at home tommrow.either还可以作副词,意为”也”,用在否定句中.either either.762022-12-5 neither 表示两者都不,在句中可作主语,宾语和定语,作定语时只能接单数可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数.1.Neither of t

46、he students is fifteen.2.-Do you know Jack and Tom?-No,I know neither of them.3.-What about the two books?-Neither book is interesting.neithernor表示既不也不,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与后面的名词或代词一致.bothand的否定式是neithernorNeither you nor she speaks Japanese.Both Mr.Li and Mrs.Zhang are OK.Neither Mr.Li nor Mrs.Zhang is OK.

47、neither.772022-12-5both,either 和neither 习题1._ of my parents are farmers.2._ of us are your teachers.3.I have two tickets._ you or your brother can go with me.4.There are many flowers on_ side of the road.5.There are some trees on _ sides of the street.BothNeitherEithereitherboth.78【辨析】so/neither+助动词

48、+主语！和so/neither+主语+助动词！so+（be、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为“也”，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与之相反。so+主语+（be、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞同”，意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两个句子指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之相反。.79容易混点清单 5.other;theother;others;theothers;another.804.other/others/theother/theothers/another.81Therearemanyforeignershere.Som

49、eareAmericans,theothersareAustralians.这里有许多外国人，一些是美国人，其余的全是澳大利亚人。Ihavetwophotos.Oneisblackandwhite,theotheriscolourful.我这里有两张照片。一张是黑白的，另一张是彩色的。Idontlikethisone.Haveyougotanyothers?我不喜欢这个，你还有别的吗？Idontlikethepen.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.我不喜欢这支钢笔。请给我看另一支。.82 Tom and Mary have arrived,but _ in your class

50、arent here yet.A.the others B.others C.the other One of the sides of the road should be painted yellow,and_ white.A.the other Banother C.others This pair of trousers is too short.Would you please show me _ one.A.other B.others C.another other the other other the other others the others anotherothers