初中英语语法—非谓语动词课件.ppt

1、.1.2.3非谓语动词非谓语动词在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词谓语动词；在句；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做词，叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词。We should serve the people heart and soul.I am reading a novel.She found English hard to learn.Seeing is believing.Please stop speaking.（谓语谓语）（谓语谓语）（状语状语）（主语主语和和表语表语）（宾语宾语）.41)不能单独做

2、谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。语。2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。The Party called on us to serve the people.The students ran out of the classroom,laughing happily.5.6.7.8喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习.9 miss doing sth.suggest doing sth.keep(on)doing sth.mind doing sth.be wort

3、h doing sth.consider doing sth.错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑.10 be good at doing sth be interested in doing sth.be used for doing sth.thank sb.for doing sth.be tired of doing sth.be afraid of doing sth.11put off doing 推迟做某事推迟做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事放弃做某事without doin

4、g sth.没有做某事没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样做某事怎么样?.12 look forward to doing sth.（盼望）（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意）（注意）be used to doing sth.（习惯于）（习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）（更喜欢）devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于）make a contribution to doing（做贡献）（做贡献）.13.14

5、.15.16 基本形式：基本形式：to+动词原形动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带（在某些情况下可以不带 to）特点特点 ：A.没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为为 to be +动词过去分词）动词过去分词）B.可以有自己的宾语和状语可以有自己的宾语和状语.17A、作主语、作主语，如，如:To learn a foreign language is not easy.=Its not easy to learn a foreign language.注意注意2:2:不定式的逻辑主语：不定式的逻辑主语：不定式不能单独做谓语，

6、因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。上的逻辑主语。I promised Tom to play with him.I asked him to play with me.（to play的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是I）（to play的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是him）注意注意3:3:同一句型中不同介词的不同含义同一句型中不同介词的不同含义It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth（for 引出动作发出者）引出动作发出者）（of 引出引出adj修饰的对象）修饰的对象）.18I

7、t is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.注意：注意：常用在常用在of句型中的句型中的adj有：有：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,careless,stupid,nau

8、ghty(淘气的淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等等 You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.19The important thing is to finish the work on time.常见动词有常见动词有 agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan 等等I dont know what to do.I find it importa

9、nt to learn English.20 只能接不定式作宾语的动词只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：口诀：.21 决定想做计划需要同意，能做用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做用来做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事决定做某事 wantwould like to do sth.想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某计划做某 need to do sth.需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 use to do 用来做用来做.22 cant wait to do make up o

10、nes mind to do used to do fail to do .23动词动词+宾语宾语+to do 动词动词+宾语宾语+do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell.wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise 等。等。(不带不带 to 的不定式的不定式)注：常用的动词是：感官动词注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice；使役动词使役动词 have,make,

11、let.24.25 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事.26 want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事想要某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事期待某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事建议某人做某事 .27 promise sb.to do 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事 warn sb.not to do sth.告诫某人做某事告诫某人做某事 allow sb

12、.to do sth.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事.28E E、作状语：作状语：可以表目的、表结果、表原因可以表目的、表结果、表原因I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there.To look at him，you would like him(目的目的)(原因原因)(结果结果)(条件条件)I h

13、ave some books for you to read.注意：注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。不定式后面须有相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with.29G G、He didnt know what to say.My question is w

14、hen to startHow to solve the problem is very important(宾语宾语)(表语表语)（主语）（主语）注意：注意：在与在与why连用时，只用于连用时，只用于why或或why not开开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?.301、在、在感官动词感官动词和和使役动词使役动词后作宾补时，不定式后作宾补时，不定式可可省略省略to,但以上词变为但以上词变为被动语态被动语态时，要时，要加上加上to,I always saw her play violin.He wa

15、s made to work 12hours a day.31 动词不定式动词不定式省略省略toto的情况的情况:.32感官动词感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel.33see sb.doing/do sth.hear sb.doing/do sth.watch sb.doing/do sth.notice sb.doing/do sth.34.35stop to do停下来去做另一件事，停下来去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。停止正在做的某事。他们停下来吸烟。他们停下来吸烟。They stop to smoke.

16、我必须戒烟了我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.36forget doing/to do.37remember doing/to do.38go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing other exercises after you have fi

17、nished this one.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习.39try doing/to do sth.try to do sth.努力努力,尽力做某事尽力做某事Although maths is difficult,I will try to study it.try doing sth.试着做某事试着做某事The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.40.413、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。主谓关系时，不定式往往用主

18、动形式。Have you got a key to unlock the door?(A key unlocks the door)4、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。I have got a letter to write(I write a letter)He needs a room to live in(He lives in a room).425、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语、不定式作

19、表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或或for people He is hard to talk to The book is difficult to understand.43.44 1.现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：The sleeping boy is Tom.2.现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差

20、不多。例如定语从句差不多。例如：Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise.=Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.45 .46.47.482、作表语时、作表语时分词作表语时，它起着分词作表语时，它起着形容词形容词的作用。的作用。分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是间是主动主动关系，所表示的动

21、作的一般与句中谓语动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作词所表示的动作同时发生同时发生；而过去分词则表示；而过去分词则表示被动被动关系，所示动作一般发生在关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发谓语动词之前或同时发生。生。.491.-How did Bob do in the exams this time?-Well,his father seems _ with his results.A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please2.-How did the audience receive the new play?-They go

22、t very _.A.excite B.excited C.Excitedly D.exciting 简析：简析：首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表待选部分在句中应作表语。因为语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词在此句中用作连系动词;再根据再根据 his father 对于动词对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系来说应是被动关系,即这个结即这个结果使他的父亲高兴果使他的父亲高兴;换言之换言之,他的父亲因为受到这个结他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此果的刺激而感到高兴。因此,该题应该题应选选C。简析：简析：该题应该题应选选B。测试他们被那出新戏

23、所打动。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。.503、作宾语补足语时、作宾语补足语时.51.52.531.I didnt spend al the money _(buy)the books.2.Do you have anything _(say)at the meeting?3.Yesterday I saw a wallet _(lie)on the ground.4.The man ran out _(see)what was wrong.5.She was often heard _(sing)in English.6.Stop _(read),please.Ive something to

24、tell you.7.The boy _(call)Li Hua in the room is his brother.buyingto saylying to see to singreadingcalled.548.The girl _(stand)under the tree is my cousin Kate.9.Books _(write)in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students.10.Why did you keep your brother _(wait)for a long time that evening?11.I prefer _(read)books at home rather than _(go)shopping on Sundays.12.He didnt finish _(write)the book until last week.13.Li Lei is asking his uncle,an English teacher,_(help)him think of a foreign name.55拓展精练拓展精练.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66A.671.68.69.70.71.72.73