高考阅读技巧主旨大意课件.ppt

1、A bee is collecting honey!A boat is staying on the water quietly!Somali pirates(海盗海盗)robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board nearly l，200 Miles off the Somali coast，the farthest-off-shore attack to date，an officer said Tuesday.（2010四四川川D篇）篇）Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing s

2、hips.高考英语阅读理解解题技巧高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专题专题-（主旨大意）（主旨大意）高考阅读高考阅读主旨大意主旨大意常见的设题方式有三种：常见的设题方式有三种：一、一、考查文章的考查文章的中心思想中心思想 二、二、考查文章考查文章标题标题的选择的选择 三、三、考查作者的考查作者的态度和意图态度和意图 一、一、考查文章的考查文章的中心思想中心思想(1)What is the topic of the text?(2).The main idea/subject of the passage is _.(3).The general idea/theme of this passage i

3、s_(4).What is mainly discussed in the text?(5).The passage mainly focuses on .二、二、考查文章考查文章标题标题的选择的选择(1).What would be the best title for the text?(2).What would be the best headline for the text?(3).The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_.三、三、考查作者的考查作者的态度和意图态度和意图(1)Whats the writ

4、ers purpose in writing the passage？(2)The author writes the passage in order to_(3)According to the passage,the author intends to_(4)The passage was written to _干扰项的特点：干扰项的特点：1.1.以偏概全。以偏概全。2.2.断章取义。断章取义。3.3.主题扩大。主题扩大。4.4.张冠李戴。张冠李戴。5.5.无中生有或似是而非。无中生有或似是而非。解题技巧分述：解题技巧分述：(一一)、中心思想、中心思想解题技巧分述：解题技巧分述：(一一

5、)、中心思想归纳（主题句定位法）、中心思想归纳（主题句定位法）文章主题句(topic sentence)(topic sentence)常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1.1.正三解形写作法正三解形写作法 即中心主题句出现在文首，开门见山。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。例题：例题：(2008年全国高考年全国高考重庆卷重庆卷E篇篇)In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly,believing that

6、 it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is71.What does this passage mainly talk about?A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D.Failures are n

7、ecessary experience in competition.B_2 2、倒、倒三解形写作法三解形写作法 即中心主题句出现在文尾。请划出下列短文的主题句：请划出下列短文的主题句：Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful,problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heav

8、ier than the devices themselves.University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller,lighter and more efficient.（2010山东山东D篇）篇）_3.圆形写作法圆形写作法 即首尾呼应的写作方法。例题：例题：Lacrosse(曲棍球曲棍球)is a popular sport in Canada.The Indians in Canada invented it.They used it to train fo

9、r war.They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.Today it is still popular with Canadians.1.The passage is mainly about .A.How to Play Lacrosse B.Lacrosse in Canada C.The History of Lacrosse D.LacrosseA Popular Game in Canada D_4.菱形写作法菱形写作法即主题句出现在文章的中间。即主题句出现在文章的中间。例题：例题：(2008年

10、全国高考年全国高考江苏卷江苏卷C篇篇)The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.During the opening ceremonies,after the official greetings from the government leaders,people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands,and white camels transport their riders across the sa

11、nds.67.This passage mainly tells readers_.A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara FestivalB.how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara FestivalC.what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara FestivalD.how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara FestivalA5.正

12、方形写作法正方形写作法 即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。【小窍门】：跳读全文，找出文中出现【小窍门】：跳读全文，找出文中出现频率最高频率最高的的单词或短语，再与选项作比即可得出答案。单词或短语，再与选项作比即可得出答案。Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but so

13、me types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.（2010广东广东C篇）篇）Food poisoning解题技巧分述：解题技巧分述：(二二)、标题、标题（二）、（二）、怎样选择或拟定文章的标题怎样选择或拟定文章的标题 1、首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖、首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。要避免下列三种情况：面如何。要避免下列三种情况：概

14、括不够概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；致范围太小）；过度概括过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；挥）；以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。2 2、其次，要考虑标题的、其次，要考虑标题的针对性针对性，即标题范，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。围要恰当，针对性强。3 3、再次要注意标题的、再次要注意标题的醒目性醒目性，标题要简洁、，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。突出、新颖。4 4、有时，标题具有高度的、有时，标题具有高度的抽象性和概括性抽象性和概括性。5 5、选择标题时，可以采用、选择标题时，可以采用逆

15、向思维逆向思维的方法：的方法：即反问自己即反问自己假如我以某选项为标题写作，假如我以某选项为标题写作，会从哪些方面来写。会从哪些方面来写。A powerful earthquake jolted Taiwan,killing five construction workers,authorities(官方官方)said.Over 200 injuries ware reported across the island,mostly minor,as a result of Sundays 7.5-magnitude quake.The quake was centred off Hualien

16、,180 kilometres east of Taipei.It struck at 2:53 pm and lasted for nearly a minute.59What would be the best title for the passage?A.Five workers died B.A terrible natural disaster C.A one-minute earthquake D.An earthquake hit Taiwan_ The gods of the old Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount

17、 Olympus.Zeus,the father of the gods,carried lightning in his hand like an earthly king.Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows.Athena was the fighting god.There were other gods as well,all with familiar human characteristics,but these were the leading gods.Which of the following is

18、probably the best title of the passage?A.The Gods of the Old Greeks B.The Legend of the Sky God Zeus C.Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks D.Religions of the Past_解题技巧分述：解题技巧分述：(三三)、态度、意图、态度、意图三、三、怎样判定作者的态度和意图怎样判定作者的态度和意图 1、要注意一些起过渡、转换、承接作用的关、要注意一些起过渡、转换、承接作用的关键词。如：键词。如：also;too;however;yet;otherwise;but;

19、though/although/as/while;2、注意一些表示赞赏、支持、否定意义的形、注意一些表示赞赏、支持、否定意义的形容词或副词。如：容词或副词。如：good/great/excellent/wonderful;glad/happy/exciting/attracting/inviting;bad/worse/wrong/3.3.注意一些特定句式的使用：透过句式可以注意一些特定句式的使用：透过句式可以看出作者的倾向。如：看出作者的倾向。如：Isnt that wonderful if we get there by air？4 4、某些句型表面看上去是比较级，而实际、某些句型表面看上

20、去是比较级，而实际上是最高级含义。上是最高级含义。My mother decided to take me on the trip.It couldnt be better.5 5、某些否定形式的句子实际上是肯定含义：、某些否定形式的句子实际上是肯定含义：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much.6 6、注意虚拟语气的使用。、注意虚拟语气的使用。How I wish I had passed the driving test.6 6、.将自己想象为故事中的主人公，体会其将自己想象为故事中的

21、主人公，体会其心理感受。心理感受。“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”These are the kinds of statements used in magazine,newspaper,radio and television ads.The promoters of products say they can shape the legs,slim the face.Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoter

22、.（2009 山东卷）山东卷）65.The author intends to _ A.make consumers aware of the promoters false promises B.show the weakness of the law on product safety C.give advice on how to keep young and beautiful D.introduce the organization of FDA._ Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?All we read about i

23、s earthquake,flood and death.To be honest,Im sick of all this bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is _.A.honest B.sorry C.angry D.sadC巩固练习巩固练习一、请指出下面句子的一、请指出下面句子的主题句主题句。1.English is clearly an international language.It is spoken by pilots on all the airways of the world.Ov

24、er 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.2.Some students like a strict teacher.Others like to be left to work by themselves.Still others like a free discussion kind of class.No teaching way can satisfy all students at the same time._ _ 3.Black is the colour of mourning.Red symbolize

25、s danger.If you are afraid,you are yellow.None of these sayings is true outside the English speaking world.In China and Korea,white is the color of mourning.In Russia red stands for beauty and life.In Italy and Germany you are yellow with anger，not with fear._二、选择最佳答案。二、选择最佳答案。Montreal(Reuters)-Cros

26、sing the US-Canada border(边界边界)to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen$10000 for breaking Washingtons strict new security（安全）（安全）rules.What would be the best title for the text?A.A Cross-country Trip B.A Special Border Pass C.An Unguarded Border D.An Expensive Church Visit D Lung cancer is the

27、 worst cancer killer in America according to the American Cancer Society.About 160,440 Americans die each year from lung cancer,accounting for 28 percent of all cancer deaths.More than 87 percent of lungcancers are smoking related.What would be the best title for this passage?A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.Smoking is a bad habit C.Dr.Derek Raghavan advises people to stop smoking D.Why did Peter Jennings die of Lung cancer?A小结小结(Summary)(Summary)一、一、考查文章的考查文章的中心思想中心思想 二、二、考查文章考查文章标题标题的选择的选择 三、三、考查作者的考查作者的态度和意图态度和意图 Thank you!