高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧课件.ppt

1、 阅读理解能力提高技巧（一）阅读理解能力提高技巧（一）秦琦辉Improving your reading ability（1）Qinqihui精品资料：1.The word“”refers to/probably means /could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.It will be very hard but very brittle that

2、is,it will break easily.(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.信号词：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,-(破折号破折号)等等.A is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.can be defined as a large area of lan

3、d where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a.His uncle is a,an expert who does research on animals.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.The period of adolescence,i.e.the per

4、iod between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.木匠木匠动物学家动物学家脊椎动物脊椎动物青春期青春期“Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted.The very words create a picture:You can imagine a friend turning away so that,instead of a warm greeting,you receive onl

5、y his shoulder a“cold”shoulder.The expression“getting the cold shoulder”means _.being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB.greeting you friendlyC.greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D.feeding you cold meat Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains.John usual

6、ly wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex.2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are.Although a large number of people consider

7、ed him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的 She is usually for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.当被猜的词前后有信号词当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,asas,the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。义了。The new tax law,or replaces,the law

8、that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as as mother,and much shorter.推迟推迟圆胖的圆胖的,Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs.Others t

9、wisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.(2009广广东高考东高考)47.The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _.A.formed an idea for B.made an outline forC.made some space forD.chose some colors for上下句是上下句是SomeOthers句式，句式，while we conjured up our desi

10、gns的对应部分是的对应部分是while deep in thought，可见，可见conjured up的意思是的意思是“思考，想象思考，想象”答案为答案为A，因果关系因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very.The river is so that it is impossible to see the bott

11、om even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的 Signal words:because,so,suchthat,sothat,ect.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.(04广东高考题）广东高考题）65.The underlined part“the col

12、ours turned the customers off”(in para.3)means that the colours_Attracted the customers stronglyHad weak effects on the customersTricked the customers into shoppingCaused the customers to lose interest D Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they main

13、ly raise,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置6.Word Formation 构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容

14、易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。super-(超超)mini-(极小的极小的,微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能的的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)vThis possibility was unforeseeable，because it almost never happened.un+foresee+able 不可预见

15、的不可预见的Today the sport is popular in Latin America,Asia and,unfortunately,in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawful in almost every state.What does the word“unlawful”possibly mean?A.allowed by the lawB.in accordance with the lawC.against the lawD.having nothing to do with the lawP

16、refix(前缀）前缀）usualunusualhappy-unhappy1)He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything.Even then all I could was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.A.see clearly B.understand C.expectB在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接

17、的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious，because

18、 he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n.麻醉剂麻醉剂(药药)When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into st

19、ill water of a lake,you will watch spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal when heated and when cooled.麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩 One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong

20、 wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖They traveled a long way,at They traveled a long way,at last got to a last got to a castlecastle,a large,a large building in old times.?building in old times.?2.The 2.The herdsmanherdsman,who looks ,who looks after sheep,earns about a

21、fter sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.?650yuan a year.?3.We are on the 3.We are on the night shift-night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.?week.?4.She is usually 4.She is usually promptprompt for all for all her class,but today she her class,but today she arrived

22、in the middle of her arrived in the middle of her first class.?first class.?1.同位法。同位语部分同位法。同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了给出了 castle 的确切词义，即的确切词义，即“城堡城堡”。They traveled a long way,at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a yea

23、r.3.3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明楚地表明night shift night shift 是是“夜班夜班”的意的意思。思。We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.小试身手 Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.A.time B.competition C.perseverance2.All his attempts to unlock the do

24、or was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的成功的 B.徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3 months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级上级 B.前任前任 C.同事同事 D.下级下级祝祝功功成成你你!4.She didnt hear what you said because she was completely eng

25、rossed in her reading.A.心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.紧张的紧张的 C.全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic6.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.c

26、lever祝祝功功成成你你!7.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry8.Just for fun,they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.A.direct B.indirect C.straight9.That museum is so immense that it will be impossib

27、le to see all the exhibits in one day.A.small B.large C.dull祝祝功功成成你你!1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山雪山 B.树枝树枝 C.冰河冰河 D.冰冰 2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clev

28、er 3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用租用 B.借出借出 C.购买购买 D.参观参观 4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interes

29、t 5.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的爱猫的 B.古怪的古怪的 C.闲不住闲不住 D.动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士便士 B.温饱温饱 C.非常贫困非常贫困 D.虚弱虚弱 Tens of thousands of baby

30、penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas.Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks,born durin

31、g the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word“obtain”probably mean?A.eat B.get C.sell D.buyB A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Th

32、erefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage(宗系宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame DThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院)opposed this decision

33、,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.BMy first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me

34、 for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.BAlthough he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he

35、did not want to jeopardize his future.BAfter a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.D同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。会理解错误。