医学精品课件：翻译-10.ppt

1、,我借着爸爸出差的便当，一起跟着去了四川。在那儿，我终于尝到了正宗的四川菜。 Taking advantage of a business trip with my father, I went to Sichuan where I was eventually able to have a dose of Sichuan dishes.,The United States was also one of the very few countries that refused to sign the biodiversity treaty. 美国也是为数不多的几个拒绝签署“生物多样性条约”的国

2、家之一。 A desire for environmental change led to the creation of various political parties around the world whose emphasis was largely on environmental protection. 改变环境的愿望使世界各国创立各种旨在保护环境的政党。,He said this was a good suggestion, which he would look into. 他说这是个很好的建议，他将加以研究。 Norway is, quite naturally, pay

3、ing great attention to developments in Europe and in the Atlantic community, which are also instrumental to the maintenance of peace and security in our part of the world. 挪威自然十分关注欧洲和大西洋国家的发展，因为这些发展大大有利于维护我们这一地区的和平和安全。,The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle

4、s, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear. 厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把们关上，女仆又叫布里特尔关，布里特尔又叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠却假装没听见。,The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match the increase of population, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 食品的供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就

5、意味着我们正进入粮食的生产和营销危机。,人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态，从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。 Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of program, which are both instructive and enterta

6、ining.,对于现代书籍，特别是教科书来说，要是作者希望自己书中的内容与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话，那么就应该每隔较短时间，将书中的内容重新修改。 Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, require revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.,尽管警察已接到命令，要做好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他

7、人一样不知所措、无能为力。 People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.,中国加入世界贸易组织将对国内汽车制造业产生重大积极影响。 Chinas WTO entry will have a good deal of positive influence on the domestic automo

8、bile industry.,2002年中国制药业又迎来了快速发展的一年，工业总产值达九百四十亿元，比上一年增长15.5%， 这是自1978年以来24年中增长最快的。 Chinas pharmaceutical industry experienced another year of fast growth in 2002, with about 94 billion Yuan added to gross industrial output value, up by 15.5% over the previous year, the highest growth rate in 24 yea

9、rs since 1978.,2002年，欧盟成为中国第三大外商投资来源，投资总额达45亿美元，仅次于美国和日本。 The EU was the third largest foreign investor in China in 2002, with the investment totaling 4.5 billion, ranking behind America and Japan.,为了提高美国产品的国际竞争力，美国政府采取放任美元贬值的政策，并拿起迫使中国人民币升值的大棒。 To increase the competitivity of US products, in the i

10、nternational market, the American government adopted a laissez-faire policy of devaluating the US dollar and attempted to force China to appreciate the RMB.,全球贸易和资本市场给东亚包括中国的经济带来了推动力，这对大家都是有益的。 Its to the benefit of all that global trade and capital markets have allowed East Asias economic dynamism,

11、 including Chinas.,不解决农民的看病问题，就很难最终实现中国社会的全面小康目标。 It is hardly possible to realize a relatively rich / well-off society in overall scale without a solution to farmers medicare problem.,究竟采用哪些技术可根据所授科目以及学生的特点来定。 It depends on what is most appropriate for the subject and the targeted group of students

12、 to decide which technologies to employ.,农历四月初四或初五是中国的清明节，每到这时，人们会到已故长辈的墓上去凭吊。 On the fourth of fifth of the fourth lunar month is the Pure Brightness Festival, when Chinese will, usually, find time to visit their seniors tombs.,故宫中典藏一百多万种珍贵文物，其中不少是独一无二的国宝。 The Palace Museum houses more than one mil

13、lion valuable historical relics, many of which are unique national treasures.,上海汇聚了10,000多种地方特色菜，美食之众，誉满天下。 Shanghai, with more than 10,000 specialty dishes, enjoys an international reputation for the excellent cuisine.,瘦小的他走在我前面。他曾经走得那么快，我总要小跑才赶得上。In front of me walked a little man, who once walked

14、 so fast I had to run to follow him.,我想这书讲的该是真事。所以对这本书兴味盎然，觉得比童话还有趣。 I considered the book a narrative of facts, and discovered in it a vein of interest deeper than what I found in fairy tales.,名词从句的翻译,A 主语从句 1. 主语从句短，则放前面，和谓语部分合成一句 That a man could live for so many years alone in the mountains is r

15、eally something unthinkable. 一个人能够独自在山里生活这么多年真是不可思议。,That substance expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon. 物质热胀冷缩是一个普遍的物理现象。,It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject. 对一门学科一知半解很危险。,2. 主语从句较长，则单独放前面，谓语部分译成：这。 It is common s

16、ense that a liquid has no definite shape, but it has a definite volume. 液体没有一定的形状，但有一定的体积，这是普通常识。,It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. 因此，如果学生想要好好利用他们上大

17、学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面的更为详尽的信息和更多的建议。这个问题显得越来越重要了。,3. Its reported / said / rumored / believed 译为据报道，据说，据谣传，人们相信 It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会提出，无线电广播同样能做到这一点，但是在电视屏幕上，一切都更加生动，更加真实。,B 宾语从句

18、1. 宾语从句在后面，翻译就放后面；在前面，翻译就放前面 Knowing that every object draws every other object, we cannot know why it does so. 虽然我们知道物体彼此吸引，但却不知其中的道理。 What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two. 让他们十天做的事，他们两天就做完了。,2. 有形式宾语的句子，如果宾语从句短，则可按原顺序；如果较长，这提前。 We think it certain that American English does

19、have a considerable influence on British English. 我们认为美国英语确实对英国英语有着巨大的影响。 We think it true that the election in Britain is mainly a contest between the two big parties. 英国的选举主要是两大党派之间的竞争，我们认为确实如此。,C 表语从句 一般按照英语语序翻译 Time factor is what we have to take into consideration. 时间因素是我们必须考虑的。 有时也可提前： That is

20、 why the “know-all” is ridiculous. 所谓“百事通”让人觉得可笑，原因即在于此。,D 同位语从句 1. 同位语从句短，可前置 The question whether the aircraft should have two or three engines was finally decided. 飞机应装两台或上台发动机这一问题最后终于解决了。,同位语从句较长，一般后置，译成：“即+单独句” 或者“：+单独句”。 We are familiar with the idea that all matters consist of atoms. 我们都熟悉这样一

21、个概念，即一切物质都是由原子组成的。 Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed. 随之产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪可以弄到所需要的机器。,或者与同位成分融合： We expressed the hope that they could came over to visit China again. 我们表示希望他们能再次访问中国。 There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job. 毫无疑问他能胜任这份工作。 Now we have little

22、idea what a hard life they were then leading. 我们现在很难想象他们当时的生活有多艰难。,状语从句的翻译,1. 原因状语分句： As he had lots of time, he decided to go to the embankment first. 由于时间还早，他决定先到河堤去一下。 时间还早，所以他决定先到河堤去一下。 时间还早，他决定先到河堤去一下。 以上译文都行！,地点状语从句： 1. 译为地点状语： Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations

23、are being built in large numbers. 哪里有水资源丰富，哪里就在修建大批的水电站。 水资源丰富的地方，都在在修建大批的水电站。,2. 译为条件状语： The materials are excellent for use where the value of work pieces is not so high. 如果工件价值不高，使用这种材料很好。 Where there is nothing in the path of the beam of light, nothing is seen. 如果光束通道上没有任何东西，就什么也看不见。,条件状语从句： As

24、long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不灰心，就能找到克服困难的方法。 我们能找到客服困难的方法，只要我们不灰心。,根据句意，翻译成其它状语： If we have carried out thorough investigation, we can draw a correct conclusion. If he is too old to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighborhood

25、affairs.,If he was so able to solve such a difficult problem known to the world, it is because he was extremely diligent and absolutely absorbed in mathematics. 他之所以解决了这样一个世界有名的难题，是因为他非常勤奋而且对数学十分专注。,时间状语从句 As I was looking for my bag, the inn-keeper came in. 我正在找钱包时，店主走了进来。 The Queen will visit the

26、town in May, when she will open the new hospital. 女王将于五月份范围该镇，届时她将主持新医院的开业仪式。,根据句意，译为相应状语从句 He usually walks when he might ride. 虽然可以乘车，他却常常走路。 When you have finished your homework, you can go and play ball games. 做完了家庭作业，你就可以出去打球了。 The defense lawyer decided to petition for a new trial when they fo

27、und an important new witness. 由于发现了一名新的重要证人，辩护律师决定申请重新开庭审讯。,有关比较句的翻译,A is to B what C is to D 军民关系就如同鱼水关系。 The army is to the people what fish is to water. 阅读之于精神，就如同食物之于身体。 Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.,As C is to D, so A is to B 正如烈火试炼真金，逆境试炼人的美德。 As fire tries gold, so adversit

28、y does virtue. 室之于人，犹巢之于鸟，穴之于兽。 As the house is to the man, so is the nest to the bird and the cave to the animal.,表示比较的差距 一般用by 他只差两分钟没有赶上飞机。 He missed his plane by two minutes. 今年小麦产量比去年多4500万吨。 This years yield of wheat exceeds last years by 45 million tons.,He is as industrious as intelligent. 他

29、既聪明又勤奋。 He is as hardworking as she is lazy. 他勤奋，而她却懒惰。,He is more of a translator than a teacher. 于其说他是老师，不如说他是翻译。 He is less of a teacher than a translator. 于其说他是老师，不如说他是翻译。,He is not so much of a teacher as a translator. 于其说他是老师，不如说他是翻译。 He is as much of a translator as a teacher. 他既是老师，也是翻译。,倍数的

30、增加： 1. A is X times as large as B. = A is X times larger than B. A 是B的X倍 / 增长了X-1倍 2. x-fold increase / increase x-fold 增长了x倍 倍数的减少： 1. A is X times smaller than B. A 是B的 X 分之一,常用词汇： 总计达到：add up to, amount to, hit, reach, stand at, total, number 增长：increase, go up grow, rise, hike , jump up, shoot u

31、p, skyrocket, soar, surge, zoom, climb, pick up 下降：decrease, decline, drop, fall, go down, reduce, plunge, plummet, slash tumble 占：account for, constitute, comprise, cover, equal, equivalent to 超出：exceed, outnumber, outpace, outstrip, surpass 停滞：freeze, stagnate, stay,表示“上升”意义的词： Rise, increase, gro

32、w , ascend, augment, climb, mount, go up, soar, rocket, hike, level up, edge up, creep up, jump, surge, leap , shoot, 表示“下降”意义的词： Fall, decrease, drop, decline, descend, shrink, reduce, shorten, lessen, diminish, slide, go down, level down, edge down, creep down, slip back, collapse, slump, crash, p

33、lummet, plunge,表示最高点： To reach the top / peak / climax / highest point / summit To top / peak / mount to 表示最低点： To drop to the bottom To reach the rock bottom To bottom out,与数字相关的其它表达法： 差异： 占比例：occupy, take up, account for, gain, share, enjoy, constitute, make up, 相比：by contrast, on the contrary, li

34、kewise, compared with 平均： mean, average 趋势：tendency, trend, inclination 达到：reach, amount to, come to, add up to, total, number, register,The import and export trade volume of our company this year has reached / totaled / registered 45 million Yuan, an increase (a decrease) of 25% over the previous y

35、ear / 25% up / down over the previous year.,翻一番：double 翻两番：four times 翻三番：eight times 翻四番：sixteen times,概数的翻译： 冰冻三尺非一日之寒： Rome wasnt built in a day. 十年树木，百年树人： It takes time to educate a person / cultivate a talent. 五湖四海： All over the world,三思而后行： Look before you leap. 新官上任三把火： A new broom sweeps cl

36、ean. 一不做二不休： In for a penny, in for a pound.,三成熟：red / rare 五成熟：half-done 八成熟：well-cooked / well-done 全熟：over-cooked / over-done 焦了：burnt 没熟：undercooked,包含数字的成语俗语的翻译： 等值翻译： 三三两两：in twos and threes 一见钟情：love at first sight A drop in the ocean: 沧海一粟 Within a stones throw: 一步之遥,不等值翻译： 三五成群：in twos and

37、threes 乱七八糟：at sixes and sevens 再三考虑：on second thoughts Two heads are better than one: 三个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮,不用数字： 一而再再而三：again and again 三寸不烂之舌：scattered Ten to one: 多半 Second to none:名列前茅 sixth sense: 直觉,转译,例1：Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with carbon content more than 2 per cent. 生铁是一种炭含量在2%以上的铁

38、与炭的合金。,生铁是一种铁与炭的合金，炭含量在2%以上。（介词短语转译成分句）,例2：Computerization of office work will greatly increase the work efficiency and benefit the environment. 办公室工作的电脑化可以大大提高工作效率，也有利于环境。,如果办公室工作实行电脑化，就可以大大提高工作效率，也有利于环境。（名词短语转译成分句）,例3：Our mastery of the behavior of objects requires a study of motions.,要掌握物体的性能，我们就

39、要研究物体的各种运动。（名词短语转译成分句）,例4：The development of an economical artificial heart is only a few transient failures away. 廉价的人工心脏的研制只有几次短暂失败之隔了。,只要在经过几次短暂的失败，就可以研制出廉价的人工心脏了。（短语转译成分句）,例5：Gasoline is a fuel whose vapor is readily explosive.,汽油这种燃料的油气容易爆炸。（主句和从句之间的转译）,例6：The failure of science to address ques

40、tions of meaning, morality, and values has become the primary justification of religious faith.,科学不能解决意义、道德和价值这些问题，所以成了宗教信仰的首要理由。（主句和从句之间的转译）,例7：The absence of these animals indirectly affects the ecology of the forests. 由于没有这些动物，这些森林的生态间接受到了影响。（名词短语转换成原因状语）,例8：All substances will permit the passage

41、 of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough. 任何物体，只要电位差足够，就可允许电流的通过。,任何物体，只要电位差足够，就可以让电流通过。（名词转译为主谓结构）,例9：The slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide film allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes. 氧化膜表面的有细微的毛孔的性质使得可以用有机或无机燃料染色。,氧化膜表面有细微

42、的毛孔，因此可以用有机或无机燃料染色。（名词短语转化为分句）,The introduction of new varieties of rice and wheat in Asia and Latin America has been known as the “Green Revolution”.,The introduction of new varieties of rice and wheat in Asia and Latin America has been known as the “Green Revolution”. 亚洲和拉丁美洲引进了水稻和小麦各种新品种，人们称之为“绿色

43、革命”。,定语从句的翻译,例1： In the course of decay of the vegetable and animal matter in the soil, various acids and gases are formed which help to decompose the rock particles and other compounds needed for the plant foods. 动植物在泥土里腐烂的过程，形成有助于分解岩石粒和其它化合物、以供植物作养料各种酸和气体。,动植物在泥土里腐烂的过程，形成各种酸和气体。这些酸和气体有助于分解岩石粒和其它化合

44、物，以供植物作养料。 英文原文的定语从句比较长，译成汉语的前置定语显然使汉语已经严重“超负荷”，因此，需要把定语从句的内容切分出来放在后面。当然，在切分定语从句内容后，有时需要重复先行词（这些酸和气体）才能使句子通顺。,例2： Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers. 现在的集成电路大大缩小了其作为一个组成部分的计算

45、机，从而产生了新一代的袖珍电脑。,现在的集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍电脑。,例3：To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235, in which all the atoms are available for fission. 为了制造原子弹，我们必须使用铀235，铀235所有的原子都可以裂变。,制造原子弹，必须使用铀235， 因为它所有的原子都可以裂变。（译为原因状语） 在原文中，定语从句表达的是一个原因，相当于一个原因状语分句。译文一把定语从句译为原因状语分句，清晰地表达了原文的意思，而

46、译文二只看到表面形式而不顾原文的意义译为定语从句，让读者摸不着头脑。,例4：Electronic computers, which have many advantages, are no omniscient. 电子计算机，它们有许多优势，也不是万能的。,电子计算机，尽管有许多优势，也不是万能的。（译为让步状语）,例5： Some nuclear reactors are used to produce the heat that runs machines for ships and for electric power plants. 需要使用一些核反应堆来产生以驱动轮船及发电厂的机器的

47、热能。,需要使用一些核反应堆来产生热能，以驱动轮船及发电厂的机器。（译为目的状语）,例6：Plants which were in the absence of water would not grow well. 缺乏水的植物不会良好地生长。,如果植物处于缺水状态，就无法良好地生长。(译成条件状语),例7：Diesel fuels, which have found use in both piston and gas-turbine engines, come in a greater number of grades than the case for jet fuels. 柴油不仅已经

48、应用于活塞发动机，也已经运用于燃气涡轮发动机，其品级种类多于喷气发动机燃料的品级种类。,由于柴油不仅已经应用于活塞发动机，也已经运用于燃气涡轮发动机，所以其品级种类多于喷气发动机燃料的品级种类。（译成原因状语）,例8：因而在这两个表面之间产生了一个使玻璃杯破裂的应力。 Then between the two surfaces a stress is produced which can cause the glass to break.,Experts say the latest Soviet target is Washingtons Capitol Hill where vast am

49、ounts of classified information are held by congressional committees and members of their staffs.,Experts say the latest Soviet target is Washingtons Capitol Hill where vast amounts of classified information are held by congressional committees and members of their staffs.（因为这里有。）,He conceived the idea of phrenology a pseudo-science which had one thing to its credit: it prepared the way for the studies of some devoted neurologists in London and Paris.,He conceived the idea of