医学精品课件：翻译-08+09.ppt

1、句子翻译童子功（一）：视角的转换,The dry riverbed was only a clatter of teetering stones now, ricocheting off my feet as I passed 干涸的河床只是一片石头滑动的咯噔声 ？ 我走在干涸的河床上，石头被我踩得咯噔咯噔响,The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder wh

2、en I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. 在我的记忆里，安妮曼斯菲尔德沙利文老师来到我身边的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。从这一天开始，我的生活和以前全然不同了（这一天说连接起来的两种截然不同的生活？）。一想到这一点，我就感叹不已。,It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and

3、lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come. 当那感慨万千的一天就要结束时，我躺在自己的小床里，感受这一天带给我的快乐，我觉得没有人比我更幸福了。（很难找到比我更幸福的孩子了 ？）。一生中第一次，我开始期盼着新的一天的到来。,I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually

4、for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. 我不知道今后等待着我的是什么，是欣喜，还是惊讶。几个星期以来我又气又恨，感到非常苦恼。这种情感上的激烈斗争过去之后，我感到身心倦怠。,When the Sheridans were little they were forbidden to set foot there because of the revolting language and of what they might catch. 谢里登家的人，小时候不准走近那里，生怕学到一些下流话或沾上什么

5、毛病。,句子翻译童子功：语境,Neil, , called me from a pay phone in a pub. It looked likely that he would get approval for me to come along to their disco party. The date for the party had been fixed Saturday, the 14th of April. Could I make it? He would meet me at the station. 我能来吗？他将到车站接我。？ 他问我能去吗？还说他将到车站去接我。,主语

6、的调整 You dont grow the grain you eat and you dont make the clothes you wear. 你吃的粮食不是你自己种的，你穿的衣服也不是你自己做的。 The girl was used to this kind of dialogue for breakfast and more of it for dinner. 这类话，不仅早晨有，晚餐更多，这姑娘早就习惯了。,The constant sunshine and mild climate of southern California made it an ideal site for

7、 shooting motion pictures. 加利福尼亚南部阳光充足，气候宜人，是拍摄影片的理想场所。 Mere chance seemed to determine who lived and who died. 究竟谁死谁活，似乎只由一种偶然性决定。,We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity. 我们所驾驶的飞机，几乎每一个部件上都有某种国籍的标志。 But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giv

8、er might be My mother contributed to these imaginings. 冒出这么多遐想，有我母亲的一份功劳。,语法意义的传达 I wondered how time would have marred this unique, this holy spot the coves and streams, the hills that the sun set behind, 一道道山涧，一条条小溪，落日掩映的一座座小山，,It was dark and it would have been difficult to recognize anyone, but

9、because one of them, walking toward the corner, had a dachshund on a leash, it could have been Trencher. 天很黑，本来就很难认出人来，但因为走向街角的那个人手中牵着一只猎獾狗，所以那可能就是特里安卓尔。,Even if they had any appetite, the sixteen-pound turkey would have looked almost like new when they had eaten their fill. 即便他们食欲不错，而且吃个饱，那只十六磅的火鸡看

10、起来也会像没怎么吃过一样。 a legacy the professor had left to me, of inestimable value, which we could not buy, with which we cannot part. 这是教授留给我的无价之宝，当时用金钱买不到，现在也绝不能丢掉。,Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me? (2007) 你已经打算告诉我的那些美景和改造过的地方在哪呀？,Instead of having shared their original dut

11、ies, and as schoolboys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. (2008) 他们不但没有分担各自原先的责任，也没有像学生们说的那样各担一半，相反却发现生活中操心的事加倍了。,英汉句子对比与翻译,汉语长句构建方式与特点： 1. 汉语是意合语言，分句与分句之间的逻辑联系少用或不用逻辑连接词表示，而是通常隐含在分句之间。 2. 汉语长句中通常包含着流水句、小碎句、无主句。 3. 汉语长句中各分句之间的排练组成方式通常是将结论性概括性的信息放在句末，而将陈

12、述性、事实性、细节性的信息放在前面。,英语长句构建方式与特点： 1. 英语是意合语言，分句与分句之间的逻辑联系往往通过逻辑连接词明明白白地表示出来。 2. 英语把主要信息放在主句里，次要信息放在附属结构如定语、状语、宾语从句等里面。 3. 英语长句中各分句之间的排练组成方式通常是将结论性概括性的信息放在主句中，而将陈述性、事实性、细节性的信息放在附属结构中。,翻译要点： （英译汉） 分：读懂英文原句，分出意思层次，按汉语组句习惯重新组合，确保汉语流畅。,（汉译英） 合：把握主语；断好句子；分清主次；切忌一个一个分句直接译成英文，而要分清几个分句的主次，把主要意思放主句，次要意思放次要成分中，如

13、分词短语、定语从句等。 析清分句间逻辑关系； 碰到汉语流水句，译成英文要断好句； 碰到汉语无主句，要确定出主语。,Gentlemen, I am ashamed to see men embarked on so great and glorious an undertaking, as that of robbing the public, so foolishly and weakly dissenting among themselves. 诸位先生，有些人正干着一番光荣而伟大的事业，那就是掠夺大众。这时候，他们居然这么愚蠢，这么虚荣，自己发生内讧。看到这些，我真觉得丢脸。,It is

14、quite understandable that the United Nations, having no life except that which its members give to it, should show evidence of the maladies that is present in the world today. 正因为联合国的生命完全是它的成员国所赋予的，因此联合国也呈现出今天世界上所存在的各种病症，这是完全可以理解的。,The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when

15、his attempt to be kind to an old man leaves them both feeling worse than before.,作者想对一位老人表示友好，却使得双方感觉不如以前了。这时，作者意识到，仅有好意是不够的。,He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “set up” towards what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: more money and power.,所有的美国人在成长过程中都受到这样的教育，即

16、得到更多的金钱和更大的权力。现在，通往这一目标的路已经铺好，而我却不要。对此，他大惑不解。,We were depressed to hear about the natural disasters which happened one after another for three years after we left China in 1956.,我们1956年离开了中国。此后三年里，自然灾害接连发生。听到这些消息时，我们心情颇为沉重。,E-C,1 顺译法 The interest of people prompt us to speak in restrained and measur

17、ed language and to avoid any escalation of mutual recrimination which would be likely to compromise the patient and discreet quest for a peaceful settlement of the conflict. 和平的利益促使我们用克制而有分寸的语言来讲话，以避免互相指责的升级，因为这种升级很可能会有损于耐心、慎重地寻求和平解决这一冲突的办法。,逆序法： On previous occasions, we expressed certain reservati

18、on about the possibility of obtaining general agreement on a definition of aggression and in fact questioned the desirability and utility, in the light of the international situation, of continuing the research for such a definition.,2 -1 -3 -5 -6 -4 对于能否就侵略的定义达成大体一致的意见，我们过去曾几次表示保留意见。事实上，鉴于当时的国际形势，对

19、于继续谋求这样一个定义是否可取是否有用，我们也曾表示过怀疑。,Practice: Time and again we have heard the foreign minister refer to their inability to pursue their own ideas which they consider necessary, if not essential, for the welfare of their people, because of manipulation, machination and manifold pressure.,我们一再听到外交部长们提到，因为

20、受到操纵、阴谋破坏和重重压力，他们无法实现自己的想法，尽管他们认为这些想法对他们本国人民的福利是必须的，甚至可以说是至关很重要的。,The tendency of a body to continue in motion is clear to one who observes that an automobile or a train moves for some distance even when brakes are used to check this motion.,汽车或火车在已经刹车的情况下仍会向前移动一段距离。看到这种情况的人就会明白，运动的物体具有继续运动的惯性。,Rock

21、et research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground.,人们早就怀疑大气中有一个“高温带”，其中心距离地球表面约30英里。利用火箭的研究证实了这一奇怪的事实。,拆译法 I must say that his statement was laudable for its frankness

22、 and quite plausible on the basis on the premises which, Im afraid, are invalid in the context of the United Nations Charter.,1 -2 -3 -5 -4 应当说，他的发言坦率而值得称赞，听起来也有道理。但是按照联合国宪章的精神，这些话说依据的前提恐怕是站不住脚的。,Practice: I sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective endeavor to seek

23、 a just and practical solution to the problem which has bedeviled the United Nations for so many years.,我诚恳地希望，你们在表示祝贺之后，也能相应地做出努力，以便寻求一个公正而且可行的办法，来解决这个多年来一直困扰着联合国的问题。,He had to an extraordinary degree the capacity to transcend individual groups by stirring up patriotic sentiments among people to wh

24、om patriotism meant different things.,他具有一种超凡的能力，即不管人们对爱国主义的理解有什么差别，他都能唤起他们的爱国主义激情。这种能力使他能凌驾于各个集团之上。,With refreshing candor, Smith provides a unique glimpse of what lies beneath the smiles of the two leaders at diplomatic receptions and the reassuring formulas of their official communiques.,两位领导人在外交

25、招待会上面带笑容，他们的官方公报措辞有令人放心。在这一切背后，真实情况又如何呢？史密斯作了独特的描绘，其坦率程度，令人耳目一新。,靠拢法： 确保汉语句子主干即主谓宾不中断！ 把较长的定语、状语挑出来单译！ The U.S. almost certainly will have departed from Thailand where the government has declared U.S. forces unwelcome and from Taiwan which the U.S. should evacuate under the terms of the Shanghai Com

26、munique of 1972.,那时美国几乎肯定已经离开泰国和台湾，因为泰国政府已经宣布美国部队不受欢迎，而根据1972年上海联合公报，美国应该撤离台湾。,Practice: Not until 1965 did this scientific prediction of Engels become a reality, when synthetic crystalline insulin, a living protein, was produced by chemical means for the first time in history by Chinese scientists.

27、,1965年中国科学家在历史上首次用化学方法制造了有生命的蛋白质 合成胰岛素结晶。只是到了这个时候，恩格斯的这个科学预见才得以实现。,Knowledge, in any art or science, being always the fruit of observation, study, or practice, gives, in proportion to its extent and usefulness, the possessor a just claim to respect.,在任何艺术和科学中，由于知识总是观察、研究和实践的成果，知识的所有者理应受到尊重。这种尊重的程度，同

28、其知识的广度、深度和实用价值成正比。,Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.,生产可分为单件生产和批量生产。单件生产指生产少量的零件，而批量生产指生产大量的同类型零件。,These leaders have themselves been responsible for exposing this my

29、th through their stubborn and defiant policy of aggression and sabotage and by their obstruction of a peaceful political settlement in that area.,这些领导人奉行了顽固、挑衅性的侵略和破坏政策，并且阻挠该该地区问题的和平政治解决，从而自己暴露了这一秘密。,Just as it is the duty of every government to prevent attacks from its territory against another cou

30、ntry, so there exists a duty for every country to protect its citizens from attacks perpetrated against them.,每个国家的政府都有责任制止从其领土上去进攻别国。同样，每个国家也都有责任保卫其公民免收进攻。,The blood sugar level represents a balance between the amount of carbohydrate ingested or formed from protein and lipid, on the one hand, and t

31、he storage or utilization of carbohydrate, on the other.,C-E 待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已经埋下了破坏性的种子。（2010） Though failing to show respect for friends only seems to be a trifle, it may turn out to be a seed sown only to lead to the destruction of the relationship over time. Showing disrespect to ones friends,

32、perhaps just about some triviality, might well have sown the seed of destruction. (我译),但在现实生活中，人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是“休闲着”还是“匆忙着”。（2011） However, in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two modes of life, even not knowing whether they are really “at leisure” or “ in

33、haste” from time to time.,我们的国家大，人口众多，经济落后，农业要搞上去，最重要的还是要依靠一系列的政策调动农民的积极性，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。 As our country is vast with a large population and backward economy, improving the agriculture requires, first and foremost, mobilizing by means of a series of correct policies the initiatives of the farmers so that

34、 they can be self-dependent and work diligently.,走新型工业化道路，必须发挥科学技术作为第一生产力的作用，注重依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质，改善经济增长质量和效益。 In taking a new road to industrialization, we must give play to the important role of science and technology as the primary productive force and pay close attention to improving the quality and

35、 efficiency of economic growth by relying on scientific and technological progress and raising the qualities of labor force.,在中国要是没有自行车，生活是难以想象的，可是没有多少年以前，人们还把自行车看成奢侈品，很多人都买不起，再说，自行车也供不应求呀。 It is hard to imagine what life would be like in China without the bicycle. Yet it wasnt so many years ago tha

36、t a bicycle was considered a luxury, beyond the reach of many people. Moreover, it was in short supply.,学习先进,才有可能赶超先进。 We (One, A person, You, People) must learn from the advanced before we (one, he, you, they )can catch up and surpass them.,学而时习之，不亦说乎？有碰自远方来， 不亦乐乎？ Isnt it a pleasure after all to r

37、eview from time to time what one has learnt? Isnt it a delight to have friends to come from afar?,认识落后，才能去改变落后。 Backwardness must be understood before it can be changed. We must understand backwardness before we can change it.,年景不好，柴米又贵；几件旧衣服和旧家具，当的当了， 卖的卖了；只靠我替人家做些针线活寻来的钱，如何供得起你读书？ Times are hard,

38、and food and rice are expensive. Our few old clothes and pieces of furniture have been pawned or sold. With the little money I earned by doing sewings for others, how can I pay for your schooling?,剩下的时间不多了。 There is very little time left. 给了他两天的时间作些必要的准备。 Two days were allowed her for making some ne

39、cessary preparations.,在中国要是没有自行车，生活是难以想象的，可是没有多少年以前，人们还把自行车看成奢侈品，很多人都买不起，在说，自行车也供不应求呀。 It is hard to imagine what life would be like in China without the bicycle. Yet it wasnt so many years ago that a bicycle was considered a luxury, beyond the reach of many people. Moreover, it was in short supply.

40、,屈原怀着十分悲痛的心情，抱了一块石头，投汨罗江自杀了。 Qu Yuan was very sad, so he carried a large stone and killed himself by throwing himself into the Miluo River. 改译：Overwhelmed with grief, Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River with a large stone in his arms.,他（鲁班）看见河面很宽，水流很急，两条小船来回渡人。 He saw that the river was very

41、wide and the current was very swift and two small boats were hurrying to and fro with passengers. ?,改译一：On the swift waters of the wide river, he saw two small ferryboats hurrying to and fro with passengers. 改译二： He saw two small ferryboats hurrying to and fro with passengers on the swift waters of

42、the wide river.,健全自己身体，保持合理的生活规律，这是自我修养的物质基础。 Keeping fit and leading a reasonable and regular life are the material basis for self-cultivation.,能不能尽快把科学技术搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义建设的全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。 Whether science and technology pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for

43、 socialist construction as a whole for the destiny and future of our country.,定语从句的译法,前置法 Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。 A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school. 附近没有同龄玩伴的儿童，上托儿所可以得到很多益处。,

44、Practice: Only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summit. In recent years however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.,Only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb

45、 of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summit. 只有无畏道路陡峭路途艰辛而攀登的人才有可能达到光辉的顶点。 In recent years however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 然而，最近人们开始意识到城市也是一个问题成堆的地方。,后置法： 1）有时需要重复先行词 They are striving for the idea

46、l which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现这个理想而努力。这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的。过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。,Practice: But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomf

47、ortable about his habit. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which as it were has been taken as a difficult task.,But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. 同时人们也正把注意力集中在另一项措

48、施上，这项措施将使烟民们为自己的这一不良习惯而尴尬和不安。 This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which as it were has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。,There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town. 外面有个人在等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一个朋友。,2）有时先行词

49、省略不译 Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37. 能量的一部分转化为热，来帮助体温维持在37左右。 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他收到那封信的，说你叔叔去世了。,3）有时关系词译为人称代词 We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are difficult. 我们见过许多化学变化，它们和物理变化不同。 It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. 他停了下来，转过身来，目光落到了一个年迈妇人身上：她身材高挑，身材仍然不错，只是容颜被岁月折磨得憔悴。,Pract