医学精品课件：翻译-03-05.ppt

1、汉英词汇对比及翻译技巧,抽象与具体 在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。 青年时代，他背井离乡，徒步来到首都，几乎身无分文。,在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。 He surfaced with less visibility in the policy-making. 青年时代，他背井离乡，徒步来到首都，几乎身无分文。 When young he quitted his home and travelled to the metropolis, in utter destitution.,所有的努力，如果不注意方法，都只会是竹篮打水一场空。 All efforts, without a

2、ttention to proper methods, will be in vain / futile. 他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。 He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation.,I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain. 雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊异。 The actual date of the completion of the purchase should coincide with the availability of the new facil

3、ities. 必须等到有了这些新设备，才能购买这批货。,No country should claim infallibility. 任何国家都不应自称不会犯错。 The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments. 没有消息即表明进展顺利。,High blood pressure is a contraindication for this drug. These problems defy easy classification. A foretaste of the seriousness o

4、f incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston. She wondered whether her outspokenness might be a liability to Franklin.,She felt the patriot rise within her. I found the ape and the tiger in him.,She felt the patriot rise within her. 她感到爱国情怀油然而生 I found the ape and the tiger in him

5、. 我发现他既狡猾又凶残,He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他允许法官驳倒父亲，宣布他自己的儿子有罪。,法官的责任战胜了父子私情，他宣判自己的儿子有罪。 He felt the patriot rise within his breast. (爱国心） I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. (力气）,Time and tide wait for no man. Truth and roses have

6、 thorns about them. Love and cough cannot be hid. Guests and fish stink within three days. A word spoken and an arrow let fly cant be recalled. Of soup and love, the first is the best. Of painting and fighting look aloof.,形合与意合 比较： 爷爷走了，他很伤心。 通过了那个重大考试，他高兴得不能自已。 He is sad because his grandfather has

7、 passed away. / His grandfather has passed away, so he is sad. Having passed that important examination, he was overwhelmed with joy / was beside himself with joy.,All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball f

8、ell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。,人不犯我，我不犯人。 Well not attack unless we are attacked. 说是说了，没有结果。 Ive made proposals, but they proved futile. 抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就会迎刃而解。 Once the principle contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved.,不到黄河心不死。 Until all is over, ambition never

9、 dies. 物极必反。 Once a certain limit is reached, a change for the opposite is cert. 没有外力的作用，运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。 A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.,物称与人称 英语物称：it 及抽象名词作主语 汉语人称：人作主语；无主句 It has been noted with concern that the sto

10、ck of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. 我们已经注意到管存图书惊人地渐少，令人堪忧。 A current search of the files indicates that 通过查找卷宗，（我们）发现。,An idea suddenly struck / hit me. 我突然想到了一个主意。 A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 她独自一人时，感到一种特殊的安宁。 Alarm began to take entire possession of him.

11、 Care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 他开始变得惊恐万状。,The happiness the superior advantages of the young women round about her, gave Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy. 贝丽卡看到周围的小姐们那么福气，享受种种优越的权利，有种说不出的嫉妒。 Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus. 星期五那天，首先在上午参观了现代化的校园。 The sight

12、 of the photo reminded me of the trip to the Tibetan Plateau in 2008. 看到这张照片，我就想起了。,The past few decades witnessed / saw great changes in China. 过去几十年，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 The path took her to a small babbling stream. 沿着小径， 她不知不觉来到了一条潺潺的小溪。,重复与替换： Translation from E to C is not so easy as that from E to F.

13、 英译汉不如英译法容易。 In any case work does not include time, but power does. 在任何情况下，功不包括时间，但功率却包括时间。,People believe that the American team will win. Peter thinks so, but I believe not. 彼得是这样想的，我却认为并非如此。,开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜。 As you start eating you are in hunger, and when you are in hunger chaff tastes s

14、weet as honey.,During the first moments you eat, you are in hunger, so chaff tastes sweet as honey,工作要顺应自然，不要违反自然。 Work with, and not against, nature. 阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。 Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind. 说一个人自私自利，并非因为他只图自己的利益，而是因为他不顾邻人的利益。 A man i

15、s called selfish, not for pursuing his own good, but for neglecting his neighbors.,Practice: 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾经战胜失败、超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。 幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。,他讨厌失败，他一生中曾经战胜失败、超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。 He hated failure; had had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 Happy families also

16、 had their own troubles.,独自享乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。 钢琴呢？钢琴怎么不见了？有人把钢琴给偷走了。,独自享乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。 Happiness enjoyed alone is a pleasure, and so is sorrow tasted privately. 钢琴呢？钢琴怎么不见了？有人把钢琴给偷走了。 Where is the piano? How come its gone? It has been stolen.,Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of

17、evil. 野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源。 Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind. 阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。,注意修辞性重复,Practice: 不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。 沉默呵，沉默呵！不再沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。,不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。 We must not pretend to know what we do not know. 沉默呵，沉默呵！不再沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。 Silence, silence. Unless

18、we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.,啊， 我思念那洞庭湖，我思念那长江，我思念那东海，那浩浩荡荡的无边无际的波澜呀！那浩浩荡荡的无边无际的伟大的力呀！那是自由，是跳舞，是音乐，是诗。屈原,I long for the Dongting Lake, I long for the Yangtze River, I long for the Eastern Sea, that mighty and boundless expanse of waves, that mighty and boundless expanse of strength

19、! That is liberty, dancing, music, poetry!,野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源。 老年人如夕阳，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎；老年人如僧，少年人如狭。,Ambition is the root of destruction as well as of evil. The old man is like the setting sun; the old man, the morning sun. The old man is like a lean ox; the young man, a cub tiger. The old man is

20、 like a monk; the young man, a knight.,Repetition 他说他的， 我干我的。 Let him say what he likes; Ill just get on with my work. 想喝就喝，想吃就吃，别客气。 Drink or eat as you like. Please make yourself at home.,Reduplication 路上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的东西。 The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were

21、selling and buying all kinds of things. 房间空空荡荡，他们走来走去，这儿停停，那儿停停，东摸摸，西瞧瞧。 Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look.,她希望所说的情况真真假假，好让他摸不着头脑。 She hoped she had mixed enough fact and fiction in her story to mislead him.,Antithesis and Parrelelism 人有失误，马有失蹄。 Its a goo

22、d horse that never stumbles. 人多力量大，柴多火焰高。 There is more strength in numbers: more logs make a bigger fire. 画虎画皮难画骨，知人知面难知心。 In drawing a tiger, you show its skin, but not its bones; while watching a man, you can see his face, but not his inmost feelings.,看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看市场。 To have a better unde

23、rstanding of the food situation in China, we must take a full view of her agriculture, and to know the agriculture we must first look at the food market.,我们确定搞两个开放：一个是对内开放，一个是对外开放。,英汉词义范围的区别 市场调查、信息沟通和采购销售 Market research, communications, sales and purchasing,Practice: 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。 前怕狼后怕虎的态度不能

24、造就干部。 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，主动伸出援助之手。,一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。 After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 前怕狼后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。 “Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres. 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，主动伸出援助之手。 After hearing about her family difficulties, her friends offered her an helping han

25、d.,与此同时，各学校正采取行动改变教学和科研之间不平衡的现状。 水、空气和噪音污染，交通拥挤，机械性的工作等问题的确是很严重的现实问题。,与此同时，各学校正采取行动改变教学和科研之间不平衡的现状。 Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research. 水、空气和噪音污染，交通拥挤，机械性的工作等问题的确是很严重的现实问题。 Pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and

26、mechanization of the work process are real and very serious problems.,自满情绪：complacency 紧张局势：tension 疯狂行为：madness 复杂性：complexity 高贵气质：nobility,The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle. 这只猴子最了不起的本

27、领是学习驾驶拖拉机。到九岁时，这只猴子已经学会单独驾驶拖拉机了。 An electron tube is generally used for amplification, and vacuum tube is another name for this device. 电子管通常用来放大，而真空管则是电子管的另一名称。,It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that creation of more universities was seen to be either necessary or desirable. One of

28、 the first foundations was London University (1827) which, following the organizational structure of the ancient foundations, also consists of a number of constituent colleges. 译文1：直到十九世纪初叶，人们才看到不仅需要而且必要创建新的大学。第一批新建筑之一就是伦敦大学（1827年），它沿用了古代建筑的组织结构，由一系列成分学院组成。,译文2：直到十九世纪初叶，人们才看到不仅需要而且必要创建新的大学。第一批新成立的大学

29、中就有伦敦大学（1827年），它沿用了古代建筑的组织结构，由一系列的 学院组成。,The human brain weighs three pounds, but in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells. These many billions of cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated network that we cant begin to unravel yetComputer switches and c

30、omponents number in the thousands rather than in the billions.,译文1：人脑只有三磅重，但就在这三磅重的物质中，却包含着一百亿个神经细胞以及一千亿个更小的细胞。这许多十亿的细胞互相联系，形成一个无比复杂的网络，人类迄今还无法解开这其中的奥秘电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万，而不是数以十亿计。 译文2：人脑只有三磅重，但就在这三磅重的物质中，却包含着一百亿个神经细胞以及一千亿个更小的细胞。这上百亿、上千亿的细胞互相联系，形成一个无比复杂的网络，人类迄今还无法解开这其中的奥秘电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万，而不是百亿、上千亿。,动态与静态

31、 整体上来说，汉语比较喜欢使用动词，呈现出动态；英语倾向于较多地使用名词，呈现出静态。 The doctors extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。 The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods. 这座王宫把不同时期不同风格融为一体。,I used to be a

32、bit of a fancier myself 过去我常有点胡思乱想。 The computer is far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings. 计算机比人检查得更细心、更勤快。,他能吃能睡 He is a good eater and sleeper. He is a good singer / dancer / piano player / loser. 他歌唱得好 / 舞跳得好 /钢琴弹得好 / 输得起。 A good sailor A heavy smoker A great believer in An

33、 early riser A clock-watcher A master complicator A bit of a fancier A good observer,汉语为动态语言，一个句子可有多个动词；英语为静态语言，一个动作或状态，可以用动词表示，还可以用名词、形容词、副词等表示。例如： 一定要少说空话，多做工作。 There must be less empty talk and more hard work. (动词转为名词) 禁止违反游戏规则。 Any violation of the game rules is prohibited. (动词转为名词) 他们以病人为中心的新概念

34、是充分认识到了目前竞争日趋激烈。 Their patients-centered new concept results from a full recognition of the ever increasingly keen competitions. (动词转为名词),政府对地震灾百姓的生计十分关切。 The government is deeply concerned about the livelihood of the people in the earthquake-stricken area. (动词转为形容词) CT 扫描的特点就是精确度高、方便快捷。 CT scanning

35、 is characterized by high accuracy, convenience and rapidity. (名词转为动词),Sugar and salt are both soluble in water. 溶于水 In order to carry through its policies of economic development, peace is necessary for China.中国需要和平 She is familiar with English. 熟悉英语 These are the correct ideas characteristic of th

36、e advanced class.先进阶级特有,汉语形容词英语英语名词相互转换 汉语中的形容词，有时就是做动词用。处理方法同上，很多情况下可以转换成英语的名词。例如： 饮食、运动、心理对保持健康都是不可缺少的。 Dieting, exercising and psychology are all necessities for keeping healthy.,汉语动词与英语英语副词相互转换 这种网上医疗服务最近非常流行。 This kind of on-line medical service has been very in lately. The Republicans are out,

37、 the Democrats in. 共和党下台，民主党上台。,英语副词与汉语动词 be over: 结束 be out / in: 过时 / 流行 They splashed back laughingly. 他们也笑着泼水回敬。 She sat there silently for a while. 她坐在那沉默了一会。,汉语形容词和英语名词 The increasing prosperity of China has brought pride to all the Chinese people in the world. 中国日益繁荣昌盛，全世界华人都为之骄傲。,由于数量少，环境适应性

38、差，迄今未见饲养展出。 Owing to their scarcity and poor adaptability to new environments, no blood pheasant has been raised in any zoo so far.,英语介词与汉语动词 With these words, he went away. 说完这些，他便走开了。 We arrived just in time for their Water Splashing Festival. 我们到达时正好赶上参加他们的泼水节。 She spoke English with an American

39、accent, not, though, a very exaggerated one. 她英语说得很棒，带着美国腔，却并不十分夸张。,他点了点头，表示同意。 He nodded in agreement. 他带学生到那座新建的科学博物馆去参观。 She took her students to that new science building for a visit. 他走出小屋，跨过草地，爬上小山，走进了那座庙宇。 He went out of the cottage, across the lawn, up the hill and into the temple.,Practice:

40、 父亲不赞成地看着她。 他胡乱地套上一件衣服，匆匆忙忙地离开了家里。,父亲不赞成地看着她。 Father looked at her in disapproval. 他胡乱地套上一件衣服，匆匆忙忙地离开了家里。 He threw on a coat and left home in a hurry.,词与句的互换 Americas security and prosperity require us to continue to lead in the world. 为了美国的安全与繁荣，我们应继续引领世界。 The expansion of trade hasnt fully closed

41、the gap. 尽管贸易不断扩大，但这仍未能,要解决全球贫富两极分化问题，需要的不只是同 情，而是实际行动。 This global gap requires more than compassion; it requires action. The sight of the photo immediately reminded me of the trip on the Tibetan Plateau. 一看到这张照片，我就想起了那次青藏高原之行。,她抱怨着这些年来所受的各种委屈，这是可以理解的。 She complained justifiably of the many wrongs

42、imposed on her over the years. 他们试图把会谈破裂的罪名加在我们头上，但没有成功。 They tried in vain to blame us for the breakdown in the peace talk.,英语介词通常可转为汉语动词 Im against your proposal. Im always behind you. What he is after is fame, money and women. He is not above backstabbing. This question is well above me.,Im again

43、st your proposal. 反对 Im always behind you. 支持 What he is after is fame, money and women. 追求 He is not above backstabbing. 是会。的 This question is well above me. 对我来说太难,英语名词转为汉语形容词 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 是绝对必须的 The lower stretches of rivers show a great variety.是多种多样的 I

44、 am a perfect stranger to physics. 对。一窍不通。 Hence the advisability of trying again. 是可取的 / 是合理的,Its a certainty that you can fulfill your long-cherished dream 是必然的/ 是肯定的 I can attest to the truth of his statement. 是真实的 Investigation assured us of the soundness of the plan. 是合理的/ 明智的 The meeting was a

45、 great success. 极为成功 I have full assurance of the reliability of the information. 是可靠的,英语动词转为汉语名词 The Greek word “ atom” means “ cannot be cut”. Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water. Wrought irons behaves differently from iron, which contains a lot of carbon. Often property damages a

46、nd disrupted lives result. 10,000 meters was read from the altimeter.,The Greek word “ atom” means “ cannot be cut”. 意思是 Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.比重是 Wrought irons behaves differently from iron, which contains a lot of carbon. 性能 Often property damages and disrupted lives

47、 result.结构往往是 10,000 meters was read from the altimeter.读数为。,All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. 一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。 Fords first pledge was: Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty. 福特一开始就保证说：总统先生，我支持您，并效忠于您。 Rockets

48、 have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,They are endeavoring to bring about a radical transformation of human life. 他们力图彻底改变人类生活。 Let me be your banker. 我借钱给你吧。 Roofs require special consideration to ensure durability in relation to the exposure to the sun and rain.

49、屋顶需要加以特别考虑，以确保经得起日晒雨淋。,Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes, which is marked by a rise in blood sugar as a result of a short supply of insulin in the body. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病，这种病的特征是由于体内胰岛素分泌不足而引起血糖上升。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视即用无线电波传送和接收活动物体图像。 A commitment to respect human rights that was not accompanied by international control constituted a half measure. 承诺尊重人权而不接受国际监督是一种不彻底的措施。,He was a clever man; a careless student;