初高中衔接教育-英语词类及基本句型课件.pptx

1、英语十大词类Heal1.名词名词Nouns（n.）：用来表示人或事物名称的词，如 pen tree apple在句子中常作主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补等e.g.The apple isnt ripe.主语 I love animals.宾语 This is an apple.表语 I think it my duty to help the little girl.宾补 There are not many men teachers in the kindergarten.定语 Nouns（n.）：用来表示人或事物名称的词，如 pen tree apple在句子中常作主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾

2、补等e.g.The apple isnt ripe.主语 I love animals.宾语 This is an apple.表语 I think it my duty to help the little girl.宾补 There are not many men teachers in the kindergarten.定语2.代词代词Pronouns（pron.）：用来代替名词的词，如we us them在句子中常作主语 宾语 等e.g.We love our family.主语 Lisa teaches us English.宾语Pronouns（pron.）：用来代替名词的词，如

3、we us them在句子中常作主语 宾语 等e.g.We love our family.主语 Lisa teaches us English.宾语3.动词动词Verb（v.）：表示动作或状态的词，如eat drink sleep在句中做谓语e.g.Last week he went to Haii for holidays.谓语Verb（v.）：表示动作或状态的词，如eat drink sleep在句中做谓语e.g.Last week he went to Hawaii for holidays.谓语4.形容词Adjective（adj.）：表示事物或人特征的词，如big small在句中

4、做定语在句中做定语 表语表语 补语补语e.g.I like such beautiful dresses.定语 The dress is beautiful.表语 I find these dresses beautiful.宾补Adverb（adv.）：用来修饰动词 形容词 副词在句子中做定语 状语等e.g.Please read the new words below.修饰名词 You are running fast.修饰动词 I push the door very hard.修饰副词 Numeral（num.）：表示人或事物数目多少（基数词）或顺序先后（序数词）在句中做宾语 定语等e

5、.g.I want two apples，please.做宾语 Forty thousand people watched the game.做定语Prepositions（prep.）：用在名词和代词之前，说明其与别的词的关系其后跟宾语，一起在句子中做定语或状语e.g.Please wait at the door.做地点状语 The girl at the door is my niece.做定语Articles（art.）：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指范围的词，主要有a an the在句子中主要修饰名词e.g.The dog is very cute.Conjunctions（conj.

6、）：起连接作用的词，如and but so or在句子中连接两个词 短语 或 句子e.g.I will call you when I get there.Tom and Bob are brothers.Interjections（int.）：表示感叹语气的词表示喜怒哀乐，在句中起到加强语气的作用e.g.Oops！It hurts！1.主 谓即 主语+谓语（此时的谓语多由不及物动词vi.构成）e.g.I cry.I jump.She laughs.He never gets up early.即 主语+谓语（此时的谓语多由不及物动词vi.构成）e.g.I cry.I jump.She lau

7、ghs.He never gets up early.2.主 谓 宾即 主语+谓语（此时的谓语多由及物动词vt.构成）+宾语e.g.She bought a new book yesterday.I love you.即 主语+谓语（此时的谓语多由及物动词vt.构成）+宾语e.g.She bought a new book yesterday.I love you.3.主 系 表即 主语+系动词（linking verb）+表语主系表结构共有3大类即 主语+系动词（linking verb）+表语主系表结构共有3大类3.主 系 表1）主语+be动词（am is are was were）+名词

8、形容词e.g.I am hungry and I want to find something to eat.You are my sunshine.1）主语+be动词（am is are was were）+名词形容词e.g.I am hungry and I want to find something to eat.You are my sunshine.3.主 系 表2）主语+渐变类动词+形容词常见的此类动词有go get turn become returne.g.The food goes bad.食物变质。When it comes to her boyfriend，her fa

9、ce turns red.（When it comes to.当谈到.的时候）2）主语+渐变类动词+形容词常见的此类动词有go get turn become returne.g.The food goes bad.食物变质。When it comes to her boyfriend，her face turns red.（When it comes to.当谈到.的时候）3.主 系 表3）主语+“起来”动词（感官动词）+形容词（少数名词）常见的此类动词有feel摸 sound听 smell闻 taste尝 look看e.g.The rubber feels soft.He looks sa

10、d.It sounds like a good idea.3）主语+“起来”动词（感官动词）+形容词（少数名词）常见的此类动词有feel摸 sound听 smell闻 taste尝 look看e.g.The rubber feels soft.He looks sad.It sounds great.4）主语+持续系动词+形容词常见的此类动词有 remain stay keep lie stande.g.I am trying to stay awake.They understand better than anyone how to stay healthy.He lies awake i

11、n bed.The house stood empty for years.4.主谓宾宾即 主语+谓语+宾语（人）+宾语（物）e.g.She gave me a book yesterday.=She gave a book to me.即 主语+谓语+宾语（人）+宾语（物）e.g.She gave me a book yesterday.=She gave a book to me.5.主谓宾宾补宾补即 宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明，使意思表达完整e.g.He is finding this trip very exciting.Please give me something to dr

12、ink，I am thirsty.宾补即 宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明，使意思表达完整e.g.He is finding this trip very exciting.Please give me something to drink，I am thirsty.Fllow-up exerciseLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting beh

13、ind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end,I could not bear it.I turned round again.“I cant hear a word!”I said angrily.“It s none of your business.”the young man said rudely.“This is a private conversation.”After the exercise，you should remember：1.助动词/情态动词（包括其否定形式）与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语；2.Be动词与后面的现在分词一起构成谓语；3.修饰语与其修饰的中心词在句子中一起做某种成分，不单独做成分：1.助动词/情态动词（包括其否定形式）与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语；2.Be动词与后面的现在分词一起构成谓语；3.修饰语与其修饰的中心词在句子中一起做某种成分，不单独做成分