高考英语强调句型课件.ppt

1、高考英语复习专题高考英语复习专题It is(was)+被强调部分被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他句子其他部分部分。此结构强调的成分仅限此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语于主语、宾语、表语和表语和状语。状语。强调句型的强调部分必须是对强调句型的强调部分必须是对 that/who 之后句子的某一成分之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把表示强调，如果把“It is(was).that”去掉，该句应该意去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分思完整，不缺任何句子成分.I met Tom in the street yesterday.I did meet Tom in the street yes

2、terday.(强调动词：强调动词：助动词助动词+V 原形原形)It was I that met Tom in the street yesterday.(强调强调主语主语)It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.(强调强调宾语宾语)It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.(强调强调时间状语时间状语)It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.(强调强调地点状语地点状语)强调句型的一般疑问句形式。强调句型的一般疑问句形式。一一.句式特征：句式

3、特征：Is/Was it+被强调部分被强调部分+that；1（2008 上海）Was it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon?A.when;on B.that;on C.when;in D.that;in简析：比较It was in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon 我们不难看出该题干实质上是该陈述句的一般疑问句形式。答案选D。2Could it be in the restaurant in _

4、you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?A.that;which B.which;that C.where;that D.that;where这是一个含有情态动词的强调句型的一般疑问句形式，第一空格所在的句子成分应为定语从句，结合介词in应用关系代词which；第二个空格所在部分应为强调句型中的that分句。故答案为B。二、二、结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。句式特征：特殊疑问词句式特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that？3_ is it _has made Peter _he

5、 is today?A.What;that;that B.That;that;whatC.What;what;that D.What;that;what简析：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.对划线部分提问What is it that has made Peter what he is today?对照原题，则答案为D。依此为据扩展开来可为：依此为据扩展开来可为：4How is it that she turned down our help?什么原因使得？5Where

6、was it that you met Tom yesterday?究竟在哪？6When was it that you met him in the park?究竟何时？7When and where was it that you got to know Mary?究竟在何时何地？8Who was it that that came up with the bright idea?究竟是谁？9Which book is it that you want to buy?究竟是哪一本书？10Whose umbrella was it that you took away?到底是谁的伞？三、三、

7、强调句型的反意疑问句形式强调句型的反意疑问句形式 句式特征为：句式特征为：It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that，isnt/wasnt it？11It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital,_?A.do they B.didnt they C.wasnt it D.was it 简析：答案C.此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原则。四、强调句型的感叹句形式。四、强调句型的感叹句形式。句式特征为：句式特征

8、为：what/how it is(that)+主语主语+谓语！谓语！12What a beautiful picture it is(that)you have drawn!13How beautiful it is(that)your daughter is!五、强调句型的五、强调句型的“让步含义让步含义”。句式特征为：含有句式特征为：含有“让步含义让步含义”的强调句型在翻译成汉的强调句型在翻译成汉语时要注意语时要注意“反译反译”。14It is a wise father that knows his own child.再英明的父亲也不会理解他自己的子女。（莎士比亚名言）15It is

9、a wise man that never makes mistakes.再聪明的人也会犯错误。六、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。六、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。在强调句型中，有时也考察用rather than，not but等连接的平行对比结构，此时既要注重比较结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。句式特征为：句式特征为：It is/was notbutthat;不是不是而是而是（that后的动词与后的动词与but后的名词后的名词或代词保持一致）或代词保持一致）It is/was rather than that;是是而不是而不是(that后的动词应与后的动词应与rathe

10、r than,instead of的名词或代词保持一致的名词或代词保持一致)16It is not help but obstacles that make a man.简析：本句译为“使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力”。注意obstacles和make形成主谓一致关系。17Personally I think it is the sales manager,rather than the sales girls,_ to blame.A.is B.that is C.are D.who are 简析：此句被强调部分中的the sales manager，通过rather than与the sa

11、les girls形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选B。18(NMET 2007,24)It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it 简析：本题答案选B。在本题中被强调部分the ability to do the job 与 not where you come from or what you are形成比较结构，the ability to do the job与matters形成主谓一致关系。当然本题还可说成：I

12、t is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are that matters.但这样就显得句子重心不稳，结构不合理。19It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that has led to the rapid increase of the worlds population.简析：本句中被强调部分为对比结构，含义为“导致世界人口快速增长的原因是对疾病的预防而非对疾病的成功治疗。”当然has led to的

13、主语应是the prevention of disease。七、强调句型中的七、强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合。动词和情态动词的结合。句式特征句式特征:It may be+被强调部分被强调部分+that It must have been+被强调部分被强调部分+that Would/Could it be+被强调部分被强调部分+that?20It might have been John _bought a new book for Mary yesterday.A.what B.since C.that D.then 该题答案为C，许多考生误选其他的原因在于be的复杂化而看不出本句为强

14、调句型。再如：21It may be next week that she leaves for Tokyo.八、强调句型和名词性从句的结合。八、强调句型和名词性从句的结合。句式特征为句式特征为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句整个强调句型用作名词性从句;或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。22 Ive already forgotten _you put the dictionary.A.that it was there B.where was it thatC.that where it was D.where it was that简析：本题是经过变形的强调句型用

15、作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。第一步，复原It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.第二步，对划线部分提问Where was it that you put the dictionary?第三步，变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.与原题对比，答案应为D。再看一个强调句型中含有同位语从句的例子：23It was at the very beginning _Mr.Fox m

16、ade the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A.when;which B.where;what C.then;so D.that;that简析：本题答案为D。第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。九、强调句型和定语从句的结合。九、强调句型和定语从句的结合。句式特征为句式特征为:在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。

17、应特别注意不这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。部分。24 It was in the small house _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood.A.which;that B.that;where C.which;which D.that;which 简析：本题含义为“是在这间小房子里他度过了童年”，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词

18、that,故答案选A。再如：25 It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he ought to have spent doing his lessons.简析：划线部分作定语从句修饰先行词time。本题中有两个that，最大的误会就是把二者弄混，第一个that是强调句型中的；第二个that是关系代词引导定语从句的。因其作spent的宾语，可以省去。26Is _three hours _the boy _family is poor to come to school on foot?A.it;th

19、at;whose B.it;that it takes;whose C.it for;that it takes;whose D.it;when;that;简析：本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours

20、to come to school on foot.第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句即是该题，经对比可知答案应为B。27.-Where did you meet Tom?-It was in the factory _ Toms father works.A.which B.that C.where D.what 答案是C。本题考查定语从句和强调句型的意思区别，C选项是定语

21、从句，B选项是强调句型，很有干扰。题意是：你在哪碰到Tom.回答:正是在Tom 的父亲工作的工厂。而B选项：Tom的父亲工作的地点是这家工厂。十、强调句型和（十、强调句型和（not）until句型的结合。句型的结合。句式特征为句式特征为:It is/was until+被强调部分被强调部分+that+延续动词延续动词It is/was not until+被强调部分被强调部分+that+短暂动短暂动词词如：用强调句型对I didnt leave until it got dark.中的划线部分进行强调，则变成：27 It was not until he came back that I kn

22、ew the result.Not until he came back did I know the result.I didnt know the result until he came back.十一、强调句型的省略形式。十一、强调句型的省略形式。句式特征为句式特征为:在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。29Who is making so much noise in the garden?_ the children.A.It is B.They are C

23、.That is D.There are简析：强调句型在具体的语境中省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。答案为A。30He was nearly drowned once.When was _?_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.(NMET 2002北京春季，30)A.that;It B.this;This C.this;It D.that;This简析：在第三句话中when he was in middle school.为定语从句

24、，修饰1998，其后省去了that he was nearly drowned once.此题如把关系副词when 也挖空，则很容易误选that。That is all!That is all!十二、强调句型的形近句型。十二、强调句型的形近句型。(1)It be+被强调部分被强调部分+that+是强调句型。去掉是强调句型。去掉it，be，that后，剩余部分仍能组成一个完整的句子。如：后，剩余部分仍能组成一个完整的句子。如：31It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of pos

25、itions.本句去掉去掉it，be，that后后可转化成：Probably due to these skills they have been offered a wide variety of positions.(2)It+be+adj./n./过去分词过去分词+that从句句型。该句型从句句型。该句型中的中的It是形式主语，是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语从句。引导的从句是真正的主语从句。如：如：32 It is important that he(should)learn English well.33 It is a fact that he can speak bot

26、h English and Japanese.34 It is suggested that he leave his office right now.(3)“It be+时间段时间段+since”句型。如果句型。如果since和延续性动词连和延续性动词连用，则意为用，则意为“某人不做某事已有多久了某人不做某事已有多久了”；如和短暂动词连用，；如和短暂动词连用，则为则为“某人做某事已有多久了某人做某事已有多久了”。如：。如：35 It is two months since he fell ill.他病了两个月了。36 It is two months since he was ill.他病

27、好已经两个月了。（4）It be+时间段时间段+before句型句型 表示表示“多久后某事发多久后某事发生生”。37 It was a long time before they met again.很长时间后他们才见面。38 It was not long before he came back.时间过不久他们就回来了。（5）“It bewhen”句型句型 表示表示“某事发生时正是某事发生时正是时时候候”39 It was 1949 when the PRC was founded.试比较强调句型句：40 It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.(去掉

28、it，was，that后仍是一个完整的句子)ItIt的用法与强调句Try to find the best answer toTry to find the best answer to the followings:the followings:I like_ in the autumn when the Weather is clear and bright.(2004全国全国 卷卷 I）()A.this B.that C.it D.one-Do you like _ here?-Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything i

29、s so nice.(2004全国卷全国卷 II)()A.this B.these C.that D.itCD 在高考单项填空的选项中，在高考单项填空的选项中，it 是出是出现频率较高的词汇之一。下面针对现频率较高的词汇之一。下面针对 it 的的用法进行分类解析：用法进行分类解析：一、代词一、代词it1.用作人称代词代替上文提到过的人或事物，用作人称代词代替上文提到过的人或事物，（有时不特指某件事物，而代表前面已提（有时不特指某件事物，而代表前面已提 到的或者将会发生的某件事情，或者是谈到的或者将会发生的某件事情，或者是谈 话双方都明白的情况，如前面话双方都明白的情况，如前面第第2题题）Tom

30、s ill.Have you heard about it?It happened during the Long March.I cant stand it any longer!If its convenient I can see you tomorrow.2.用作指示代词，（起着用作指示代词，（起着this 或或that 的作用）的作用）指一个人或一件事情。指一个人或一件事情。-what is this?-Its a telephone.-whos on the telephone?-Its Lily.3.指时间、距离、价值、天气和自然现象等。指时间、距离、价值、天气和自然现象等。It

31、 is cold today,isnt it?It is about an hours ride to the park.二、引导词二、引导词it It 常作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，常作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，真正的主语通常为不定式、动名词、主语真正的主语通常为不定式、动名词、主语 从句。从句。It is easy to buy a new radio.It is no use telling him that.It is strange that nobody knows her.提示：it 作形式主语，that从句作真正主语，常见的句型有：It be+形容词（形容词（obv

32、ious,natural,surpri-sing,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 从句从句b.It be+名词词组（名词词组（no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that 从句从句c.It be+过去分词（过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that 从句从句The foreign Minister said,“_ ou

33、r hopeThat the two sides will work towards peace.”(2004，北京卷，北京卷）（）（）This is B.There is A.C.That is D.It isHave a try!D注意注意 it 对关系代词的干扰对关系代词的干扰_ is known to everybody,the moon travelsRound the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)()A.It B.As C.That D.What试比较：试比较：It is known to everybody that the moonCar

34、ol said the work would be done by Octo-ber,_ personally I doubt very much.(NMET,1999)()A.it B.that C.when D.whichBD2.It 作形式宾语，真正宾语放在宾语补足语作形式宾语，真正宾语放在宾语补足语 后面，真正宾语通常为不定式，动名词，后面，真正宾语通常为不定式，动名词，宾语从句。宾语从句。He felt it his duty to help others.They thought it no good doing that.I hate _ when people talk wit

35、h theirmouths full.(NMET 1998)()A.It B.that C.these D.themAIt 对代词对代词 的干扰：的干扰：We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made _ from some wood.(2004,全国卷 III）（）A.it B.one C.himself D.anotherBMeeting my uncle after all these years was anunforgettable moment,_ I will always treasure.(NMET 2002)()

36、A.that B.one C.it D.whatB对比下句中对比下句中it 的用法：的用法：Meeting my uncle after all these years was anunforgettable moment,and I will always trea-Sure it(=the unforgettable moment).-why dont we take a little break?-didnt we just have _?()(NMET 2002)A.it B.what C.that D.oneD三、三、it 用在强调结构中。用在强调结构中。1.可以用来强调句中的主语、

37、宾语、状语（从句），可以用来强调句中的主语、宾语、状语（从句），结构为：结构为：It is(was)+被强调部分被强调部分sb.+who(that)It is(was)+被强调部分被强调部分sth.+that(例句参看练习试卷）It was our teacher _ did the experi-ment in the lab last night.()A.whom B.that C.which D.whereBIt was because of bad weather _ the foot-ball match had to be put off.()A.so B.so that C.wh

38、y D.thatDIt was ten years _ Miss Gao left here.()A.That B.when C.since D.as C可用下面方法识别强调句型：可用下面方法识别强调句型：把强调句的把强调句的标志词标志词 it is/was that 拿掉，若能还原出拿掉，若能还原出句法结构完整的句子来，则为强调句，否则句法结构完整的句子来，则为强调句，否则不是强调句。不是强调句。It was eight oclock _ I left home.()It was at eight oclock _ I left home.()A.that B.since C.when D.

39、whileCA2.对对“notuntil”的特殊强调句型：的特殊强调句型：It is/was not until+时间状语（从句）时间状语（从句）+thatHe didnt get home until midnight.It was not until midnight that he got home.It was _ back home after the experiment.()A.not until midnight did he goB.until midnight that he didnt goC.not until midnight that he wentD.until

40、midnight when he didnt goC3.强调句的疑问结构：强调句的疑问结构：（1）一般疑问句：）一般疑问句：Is/was it+被强调部分被强调部分+that(who)+剩余部分剩余部分如原句为：如原句为：Does he read this book every day?Is it this book that he reads every day?（2）特殊疑问句：）特殊疑问句：（只能对疑问词强调）（只能对疑问词强调）疑问词疑问词+is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that(who)+剩余剩余部分：部分：Who came to see you this morning?Wh

41、o was it that came to see you this mor-ning?4.含有定语从句的强调句：含有定语从句的强调句：It was in the lab that was set up by Mr.Smiththat they finished the experiment.It was in Beihai Park _ they made a date for the first time _the old cou-ple told us their love story.()where;that B.that;thatA.C.where;when D.that;whenA

42、5.强调宾语从句中的疑问词时：强调宾语从句中的疑问词时：主语主语+谓语谓语+疑问词疑问词+it is/was+that+宾语从句宾语从句I dont know where he comes from.I dont know where it is that he comes From.6.需要注意的地方：需要注意的地方：（1）如果原句中的谓语动词为现在或将来时）如果原句中的谓语动词为现在或将来时的各种时态，就用的各种时态，就用“it is”,如果原句中的谓如果原句中的谓语动词为过去时的各种时态，则用语动词为过去时的各种时态，则用“it was”（2）不论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，一）不论被强

43、调的主语是单数还是复数，一律用律用“it is/was+who(that).把下列句子改写成强调句：把下列句子改写成强调句：They went to the zoo yesterday.It was yesterday that they wentto the zoo.2.We held a class meeting in our classroom the day before yesterday.It was a class meeting that we held in our classroom the day before yesterday.3.Who will be waiti

44、ng for me at the gate?Who is it that will be waiting for me at the gate?4.Li Ming and I cleaned the office.It was Li Ming and I that cleaned the office.高考题回放高考题回放1.It is the ability to do the job _matters,not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it2.It was only when I reread his

45、 poems recently_ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.until B.that C.then D.so3.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when4.It was because of bad weather_the football match had to be put off.(2003)A.so B.so that C.why D.that课堂练课堂

46、练 习习1._in 1943_the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A.Only/that B.It was/then C.That it was/when D.It was/that 2.It was on the National Day_she met with her separated sister.A.that B.when C.where D.which3.Was it during the Second War _he died?A.that B.while C.in which D.then4.Who _ he

47、lped you work out the math problem?was he B.it was who C.Was it that D.it was5.It is near the place _there is a bomb_ we found the dead man.A.where/where B.where/that C.that/where D.that/that6.It was Mike and Peter who_the reading room this time yesterday.A.are cleaning B.were cleaning C.cleaned D.c

48、leans练练 习习7.It is the room_ we will have the meeting.A.that B.which C.where D.there8.It_ the Chinese people that _hardworking.A.was/was B.is/are C.is/is D.are/are9.It was not until she had arrived home _her appointment with the doctor.A.did she remember B.that she remembered C.when she remembered D.

49、had she remembered10.Where was it _ the road accident happened yesterday?when B.that C.Which D.how11.It was for this reason _ her uncle moved out of London and settled down in a small village.which B.why C.that D.how 12.Was it at the school _ was named HERO _ he spent his childhood.that;that B.which

50、;thatA.C.where;that D.that;whichIs it _ who wants to see you?A.him B.he C.his D.himselfIt was _ who respected all their teachers.A.them B.their C.they D.themselvesC-What is Mary?-Was it _that you were referred to?A.he B.she C.her D.theyC强调部分如果是人称代词，应根据句子需要选择它的主格强调部分如果是人称代词，应根据句子需要选择它的主格或宾格形式或宾格形式 BI