《技术与商务交流英语(第二版)》课件Chapter 9 Document Design.pptx
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1、Objectives and Outcomes Learn how design elements affect the accessibility,appropriateness and appeal of a document.Learn the three principles in designing documents.Importance of Document DesignEffective writing is more than writing;more than just words and sentences arranged in logical paragraphs.
2、To be effective,the format and organization 格式与组织结构 of your document are equally important.With the amount of available information massively increasing each day,readers have to read quickly and selectively.The traditional paragraph format produces a word-wall document 像字墙一样的文件 that is difficult to
3、read.To solve this problem,technical writers utilize document design to create a format that helps readers find information quickly and to read selectively.Document design is an emerging field dealing with the ways in which you can organize and present information to facilitate accessibility and com
4、prehensibility of documents.When you design your documents,you should consider Textual elements:letters,numbers,and symbols(e.g.+,-,*,%,$)Spatial elements:spaces between textual elements as well as the size and location of textual and graphic elements Graphic elements:tables,graphs,charts,diagrams,e
5、tc.Typographic elements:type face,type size,type style,listing,underlining,shading,boxing,and color.Three Principles in Designing Documents Chunking and labeling information by using headings and white space effectively;Arranging information by integrating visual and verbal chunks appropriately;Emph
6、asizing information by applying typographic elements effectively.I.Chunking and Labeling InformationChunking means to group topically related information into units or chunks;Labeling means to mark the chunks of information with appropriate signs or labels.Chunking and labeling make the information
7、in undifferentiated text more accessible to readers.Various images of environmental destruction,such as desertification,ozone depletion,global warming,deforestation,etc.,are going on throughout the world.However,people have neither paid enough attention to these problems,nor have they taken any effe
8、ctive action to solve these problems.According to the extent of their effects,these environmental problems can be classified into three groups:local problemsthose affecting a small,particular area;regional problemsthose affecting a larger area;and strategic problemsthose affecting the global ecologi
9、cal system.Strategic environmental problems,such as ozone depletion and global warming,are threatening the survival of all animal and plant life in the world.This indicates that the entire relationship between humanity and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable o
10、f affecting the entire global environment,not just a particular area.There are two main factors causing the change in the relationship:the population explosion and the scientific and technological revolution.The unrestrained use of technology in exploiting the earth by so many people may bring the s
11、ame disaster as a nuclear war would.We should realize that our power to harm the earth can indeed have global and permanent effects.We should realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate accordi
12、ng to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to.As a result,any solution to environmental problems will require a careful assessment of the relationship between civilization and the earths ecosystems.Example A includes information about several subtopics related to global environmenta
13、l destruction.The information is arranged in one paragraph without any design elements to aid readers.The page layout creates a word-wall effect,which makes it difficult for readers to find key information quickly.Various images of environmental destruction,such as desertification,ozone depletion,gl
14、obal warming,deforestation,etc.,are going on throughout the world.However,people have neither paid enough attention to these problems,nor have they taken any effective action to solve these problems.According to the extent of their effects,these environmental problems can be classified into three gr
15、oups:local problemsthose affecting a small,particular area;regional problemsthose affecting a larger area;and strategic problemsthose affecting the global ecological system.Strategic environmental problems,such as ozone depletion and global warming,are threatening the survival of all animal and plan
16、t life in the world.This indicates that the entire relationship between humanity and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment,not just a particular area.There are two main factors causing the change in the relationship:the
17、 population explosion and the scientific and technological revolution.The unrestrained use of technology in exploiting the earth by so many people may bring the same disaster as a nuclear war would.We should realize that our power to harm the earth can indeed have global and permanent effects.We sho
18、uld realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to.As a result,any solution to environmental problems will require a careful a
19、ssessment of the relationship between civilization and the earths ecosystems.In Example B,the information about the is topically chunked and then visually separated into four paragraphsIntroduction.Various images of environmental destruction,such as desertification,ozone depletion,global warming,def
20、orestation,etc.,are going on throughout the world.However,people have neither paid enough attention to these problems,nor have they taken any effective action to solve these problems.Classification of Environmental Problems.According to the extent of their effects,these environmentalproblems can be
21、classified into three groups:Local problems:those affecting a small,particular area.Regional problems:those affecting a larger area.Strategic problems:those affecting the global ecological system.Strategic environmental problems,such as ozone depletion and global warming,are threatening the survival
22、 of all animal and plant life in the world.This indicates that the entire relationship between humanity and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment,not just a particular area.Causes of the Change in Relationship Between H
23、umanity and Earth.There are two main factors causing the change in the relationship:the population explosion and the scientific and technological revolution.The unrestrained use of technology in exploiting the earth may bring the same disaster as a nuclear war would.Solution to Environmental Problem
24、s.We should realize that our power to harm the earth can indeed have global and permanent effects.We should realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cau
25、se and effect we are used to.As a result,any solution to environmental problems will require a careful assessment of the relationship between civilization and the earths ecosystems.In Example C,the subtopics in each paragraph are labeled with,boldfaced headings for readers to find the key informatio
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