《经济学专业英语教程(第四版 下)》课件Unit 2.ppt
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1、Unit 2 Text:Population(人口)1.Key words2.Importance of the size and type of population3.Labor force4.Unemployment and employment5.Natural increase of population6.Questionsskilled peoplehigher paid occupationprofessional trainingpayment in kindrent-free accommodationfactor incomephysical and mental wor
2、ktransfer incomeunemployment benefitsTransfer paymentownership of propertyprevious generationsspecialized skillstrade uniontertiary industrypossession of assets income size2.1 As a market for goods and services2.2 The population provides the members of the workforceAll members of the population are
3、consumers in some form or other,and the number of consumers who must share the foods and services available has profound effects on the individuals standard of living and on the economy itself.The workforce is only a part of the total population.Combined with other resources,the workforce produces m
4、ost of the goods and services required by the entire population.To a large extent,the size of the population affects the size of the workforce.The larger the available workforce the greater the potential for production,but it is not numbers alone which make for an efficient and effective workforce.T
5、he larger the population the greater the number of consumers,which usually means that a larger workforce is needed in order to supply their needs.3.1 Definition of labor force3.2 Factors affecting labor forceLabor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and ear
6、n income.This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment,so it includes employers and the self-employed.Labor is one of the countrys resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community.3.2.1 Age distribution of t
7、he total population3.2.2 Number of school students3.2.3 Quality of the workforceIf the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work,then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution.If the population grows rapidly fr
8、om natural increase,i.e.the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths,then as the total population increases the proportion in the workforce declines.Aging population means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly,and as people retire from the workforce there are insu
9、fficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it.The population is top-heavy with older people.So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.The greater the proportion of young peo
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