《硕士博士毕业论文写作教程》课件Chapter 4 Materials Collection and Management.ppt

1、Week 4 Materials Collection and ManagementZhencong LiuContentsw Materials Collectionw Materials ManagementPrinciples of Data Collection and Selection Data collection and selection usually follow four principles:Centered around the themeTrue and verifiableTypicalNovel(Chu,2002:107110)Three Important

2、Steps for Data Collection and Evaluation Understand types of resources.Critically read and evaluate those resources.Take notes effectively.Primary and Secondary Sourcesw 4.Types of ResourcesThere are mainly two types of resources:primary and secondaryTypes Primary sourceSecond sourceDefinition A pri

3、mary source is an original document or account that is not about another document or account but stands on its own.Secondary sources are those that interpret primary sources or are otherwise a step removed.Examples e.g.novel,poem,play,diary,the data from a research studye.g.(1)A journal article or b

4、ook about a poem,novel,or play(2)A commentary about an interviewCollecting secondary sources Searching the Web for government documents.Government records may be helpful but in most cases secondary-source research begins at the library.Steps：Search encyclopedias.Search biographical references,yearbo

5、oks,atlases,gazettes and professional dictionaries relevant to the topic.v Search library catalogs to find appropriate books.v Retrieve journal articles citation from journals or newspapers index.v Data basesData Basesw What data bases are there in your school library?w How to browse them for your p

6、urposes?国内主要文献数据库w 1.CNKI 数据库w 2.CSSCI中文社会科学引文索引w 3.中文核心期刊要目总览w 4.中国数字图书馆w 5人大复印报刊资料w 6.读秀知识库w 7.万方数据库w 8.维普数据库 w 9.超星图书馆w 10.书生之家图书馆English Databasesw 1.SpringerLink w 2.ProQuestw 3.EBSCOw 4.SCIENCE DIRECTw 5.OCLC(OnlineComputerLibraryCenter)即联机计算机图书馆中心w 6.JSTORw 7.Project MUSw 8.SAGEw 9.大英百科全书数据库w

7、.1.google scholar2.http:/3.http:/www.base- ASC数据库Project MUSE数据库(新增）SAGE数据库（新增）Springer数据库大英百科全书数据库lexisnexis academic学术大全EBSCO SRC英语阅读学习中心剑桥期刊回溯库（新增）GALE人物资源中心GALE相反资源论点中心ALJCALJC人文及语言学期刊库人文及语言学期刊库 ALJC期刊库包含127份高质量、高学术价值的语言学全文期刊，90%的期刊是 peer-reviewed 期刊，40%的期刊被引用在 ISI Web of Knowledge文摘数据库。例如：Babel

8、巴伯尔；Cognitive Linguistics认知语言学；Target目标；国际翻译研究杂志；Text&Talk文字和语言；Interpreting口译；International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching国际应用语言学教学评论；International Journal of the Sociology of Language国际语言社会学杂志；International Journal of Corpus Linguistics国际素材语言学杂志；Linguistics语言学；Languages in Cont

9、rast语言对比Taylor&FrancisTaylor&Francis人文社科期刊数据库人文社科期刊数据库 我馆订购了14种电子期刊，其中语言类的有：Language Learning Journal、Perspectives:Studies in TranslatologyLiterature Online英美文学在线GALE文学资源中心莎士比亚纵览（新增）EBSCO Literary Reference Center Plus(英美文学全文学习中心增强版)EBSCO HIC人文学全文数据库（Humanities International Complete）EBSCO CMMC大众传播学

10、数据库（Communication&Mass Media Complete）PQDT国外博士学位论文数据库 收录欧美大学硕士、博士论文，每年由我们学校自己挑选论文200篇，与全国其他高校共享资源。论文号(AAI)以数字0和字母C、D、U开头的论文，ProQuest公司是无法提供全文的。请不要选择、提交此类型论文。方正企鹅英文原版电子图书：适合学生阅读的 小说、人文历史、生活类英文原版电子图书。Taylor&Francis电子图书：我馆共购买了七百多种法律、古典研究、历史、媒体与电影研究、经济学、金融、商业与工业、语言与文学、宗教、哲学等学科英文版电子图书。美星外文电子图书：我馆共购买5000余

11、种原版外文电子图书，语种为英文和日文。包括世界经典文学、财政金融、世界史、计算机、经济学、人物传记、哲学、市场营销、法律政治、信息科学、旅游。MyIlibrary电子图书：我馆购买6000多种人文社科学术类电子图书。该电子图书需要老师们自己挑选。期刊推荐：Language&CommunicationJournal of PragmaticsLanguage SciencesLinguaJournal of Second Language Writing按字母顺序浏览按学科浏览直接查某一本期刊，可以具体到卷、期、页检索字段Tilte:文章题名Source title:期刊名或者图书名Search

12、 alertsTopic alertsJournal alertsData Evaluation Definition:v Data Evaluation refers to the process of critically reading and evaluating the sources.Four important dimensions in critical thinking and reading:v (1)Structurev (2)Purposev (3)Audiencev (4)AuthorEvaluating Web Pagesv Common criteria used

13、 to access the information found on the Internet:(1)Authorship (2)The publishing bodyv(3)Point of view or bias (4)Referral to and/or display of knowledge of the literaturev(5)Accuracy or verifiability of detailsv(6)CurrencyMaterials Managementw Materials Management Software:w Note Expressw End Notes

14、w RefworkWorking Bibliographyw RequirementsnShould let you rearrange your information(note cards helpful),alphabetize or delete entriesnShould be portablenShould have enough information that you would be able to find the item again if needed.How to Keep Working Bibliography w One entry per card or s

15、lipw Number the entries so that you can put that number on each card or slip you use for notes so you can make appropriate citations(footnotes)Critical Evaluationw Objectivity of source-absence of bias or prejudicew Qualifications of the author-problems with the internetw Date and form of publicatio

16、n-how old?different perspective.University press?Some journals more scholarly than others.w Level-what is the target audience of the work?Some works might be too technical;others too general or simplistic.Annotated Bibliographyw If you are writing an annotated bibliography,you may need to summarize

17、each item briefly,but should still follow through themes and concepts and do some critical assessment of material.Use an overall introduction and conclusion to state the scope of your coverage and to formulate the question,problem,or concept your chosen material illuminates.Usually you will have the

18、 option of grouping items into sectionsthis helps you indicate comparisons and relationships.You may be able to write a paragraph or so to introduce the focus of each section.Purposew The purpose of a critical bibliography is to provide the reader with the following information about a set of studie

19、s,articles,or books:w The full bibliographic information in proper APA reference style(unless another style is asked for)w A summary of the contents.In the case of a primary research study,the reader wants to know:lthe purposeltype of studylmethodologylresultsw critical evaluation of the strengths,w

20、eaknesses,usefulness,and implications of the material for a specified enquiry or field or course of study.Note-Takingw A good way to record information and to organize it for your writing.nUse note cards to write notes from the source you use.nWrite on only one side of the card;if longer,use more th

21、an one card and staple or clip them together.Each card should include:w the author,a shortened form of the title,the page number from which the information camew a number indicating the bibliography entry and the paging.w a note at the top telling the main idea or topic of the cardw possibly a note

22、on the back telling you how or why you plan to use this informationw the note itselfRemember:w You should have a card with the complete bibliographical information.w One idea per note cardw One source per note cardw It is all right to take notes from different sources which contradict each other or

23、repeat information in another source.You can use agreement or disagreement to support a point.Sample Annotated Bibliographyw McIvor,S.D.(1995).Aboriginal womens rights as“existing rights.”Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 2(3),34-38.w This article discusses recent constitutional legisla

24、tion as it affects the human rights of aboriginal women in Canada:the Constitution Act(1982),its amendment in 1983,and amendments to the Indian Act(1985).It also discusses the implications for aboriginal women of the Supreme Court of Canadas interpretation of the Constitution Act in R.v.Sparrow(1991

25、).w Only lists contentsSample Annotated Bibliographyw McIvor,S.D.(1995).Aboriginal womens rights as“existing rights.”Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 2(3),34-38.w This article seeks to define the extent of the civil and political rights returned to aboriginal women in the Constitution

26、Act(1982),in its amendment in 1983,and in amendments to the Indian Act(1985).This legislation reverses prior laws that denied Indian status to aboriginal women who married non-aboriginal men.On the basis of the Supreme Court of Canadas interpretation of the Constitution Act in R.v.Sparrow(1991),McIv

27、or argues that the Act recognizes fundamental human rights and existing aboriginal rights,granting to aboriginal women full participation in the aboriginal right to self-government.w Identifies the argumentOriginal Textw 1.The President Proposes but Congress Disposes,The Capitol,6th Edition,House Do

28、cument No.93-139,p.38.w However great the powers of the President of the United States they are restricted by the checks and balances represented in the Congress,in the Supreme Court of the United States and in the force for public opinion.However,of all the elective officers of our government,only

29、the President and the Vice President are chosen by all the voters of the United States.Notew 1.p.38 checks and balances of Pres of USw Checks and balances on President of USn1.Congressn2.Supreme Courtn3.Public opinionw all voters choose president and vice-president Original Textw 2.The Smithsonian T

30、oday,Official Guide to the Smithsonian(CBS Publications,Inc.1976),p.11.w The Smithsonian Institution is an independent establishment dedicated to the increase and diffusion of knowledge.It is a great complex of museums and art galleries,scholars,and experts in many fields.It is devoted to public edu

31、cation,basic research,and national service in the arts,sciences,and history,with major facilities in Washington,around the country,and overseas.Notew 2 p.11 Smithsonian descriptionw Smithsonian Institutionnindependent of government directionnincludes museums,art galleriesnestablished for education a

32、nd researchnfacilities in Washington,around the US and elsewhere.Review of ArticleswA review of a“research article”has two parts:a summary and a critique.In fact,this type of review is often called a“summary and critique.”The summary is generally much shorter than the critique.Summary of a PaperGive

33、 a concise and accurate summary of the study purpose,design,findings,and conclusions:w1.Type of study(e.g.,randomized clinical trial,quasi-experimental)w2.Purpose of study(e.g.,to test the hypothesis that.)w3.Materials and methods:n subject population(numbers,sex,ages,demographics,characteristics,ne

34、tc.)n variables/measures/indicators,and the methods of observationn numbers of trials,length of time intervals,etc.n statistical analyses(or lack thereof)in the study designw4.Results:n actual results(e.g.,means and variance,distribution)n statistics derived from the data;significance(or lack thereo

35、f)of statisticsw5.Discussion/Conclusions:n how did the authors interpret the results or their significance and answerntheir research question?Critique of a Paperw Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the study:w 1.Introduction:clarity and rationale of background and stated purpose/questionsw 2.Me

36、thods:n Are they valid for studying this problem?n Could the study be duplicated from the information given?n Are there flaws in the methods(e.g.,inadequate sample selection,inappropriate experimental design?)w 3.Results:accuracy and reliability of observationsn Are the data presented in tables and

37、illustrations organized for ready comparison and interpretation?n Are there discrepancies between text and tables?n Do the results reveal what the researchers intended?w 4.Discussion:n Does the interpretation arise logically from the data,or is it too far-fetched?n Is the interpretation at odds or i

38、n line with other researchers thinking?n Have all key studies been considered?n Have the authors discussed the strengths and limitations of their own research?n Do they suggest further work?Other Considerations for Critiquew 1.Bias:w Is the study biased in any way?w 2.Disclosure:w Do the authors sha

39、re their results?w 3.Logical reasoning:validity of design and conclusionsw Internal(Did they answer the research question?)ANDw External(Is the study generalizable to another population or a currently held theory?)w 4.Clarity of presentation:w Does the title precisely state the subject of the paper?

40、w Does the abstract accurately summarize the article?w Is all material organized under the appropriate headings?w Are sections subdivided logically?w Reflect on the writers thinking and writing style:is it clear,concise,and precise?How to manage your time effectivelyw Identify and set objectives tha

41、t are realistic,achievable and measurable.w Prioritize your tasks effectively;keep a diary to help manage your schedule.w Make a to-do list that will remind you of your tasks and their deadlines.w Complete work to the set deadline.w Persevere,especially when things are not working out.w Have a conti

42、ngency plan.Assignmentw 1.Keep track of your notes and hand in 5 notes next week.Assignmentw 2.Materials Evaluation:Explore some of the on-line resources that you referred to.Choose two and,for each,write a-page review that provides the answers to the following questions:nHow did you choose which re

43、sources to explore?nHow well does the resource meet the needs of BISU students?nHow user-friendly is the resource?nHow could the content,design and general approach be made more user-friendly?ReferencesTurabian,K.(1996).A manual for writers of research papers,theses,and dissertations,6th edition.Chicago and London:The University of Chicago Press,Chapters 3,4,16 and 17.Griswold,William G.How to Read an Engineering Research Paper.刘振聪、修月祯，(2013)。英语学术论文写作（第二版）。北京：中国人民大学出版社，45-58。The End