中考英语语法复习名词专题课件.pptx

1、1.1.名词可以分为名词可以分为专有名词专有名词和和普通名词普通名词。专有名。专有名词是指某个人，某个地方或机构等专有的名称。词是指某个人，某个地方或机构等专有的名称。专有名词首字母要大写。如专有名词首字母要大写。如Lucy,China,the United States Lucy,China,the United States 等。等。2.2.普通名词是指一类人，东西或是一个抽象概普通名词是指一类人，东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。如念的名词。如BookBook，waterwater等。可以用数目计等。可以用数目计算的词称为算的词称为可数名词可数名词，无法用数目计算的词称，无法用数目计算的词称为

2、为不可数名词不可数名词。1.1.可数名词变复数的规则变化可数名词变复数的规则变化 (1)(1)一般情况加一般情况加 s.cake-cakes book-books s.cake-cakes book-books (2)(2)以字母以字母s s，x x，chch，shsh结尾的词加结尾的词加eses.bus-buses box-boxes brush-bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushesbrushes watch-watches watch-watches 特例：特例：stomach-stomachsstomach-stomachs （3)3)以字母以字母f f或或

3、fefe结尾的词，变结尾的词，变f f或或fefe为为v v再加再加eses.knife-knives wife-wives leaf-knife-knives wife-wives leaf-leavesleaves life-lives wolf-wolves shelf-life-lives wolf-wolves shelf-shelvesshelves(4)(4)以以辅音字母辅音字母加加y y结尾的词，先变结尾的词，先变y y为为i i再加再加eses.baby-babies story-stories city-baby-babies story-stories city-citi

4、es-cities(5)(5)以以元音字母元音字母加加y y结尾的词，加结尾的词，加s.s.boy-boys toy-toys boy-boys toy-toys key-keys monkey-monkeys key-keys monkey-monkeys (6)(6)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加o o结尾的词，若表示有生命的结尾的词，若表示有生命的 加加eses,（英雄英雄hero-heroeshero-heroes爱吃西红柿爱吃西红柿tomato-tomato-tomatoes-tomatoes和土豆和土豆potato-potatoespotato-potatoes).).若表示若表示无生命

5、的加无生命的加s.(zoo-zoos radio-radios s.(zoo-zoos radio-radios piano-pianos).piano-pianos).1.1.变变a a为为e e：man-men woman-womenman-men woman-women 特例：特例：German-Germans human-humansGerman-Germans human-humans2.2.变变oooo为为eeee：tooth-teeth foot-feet tooth-teeth foot-feet goose-geese goose-geese 特例：特例：boot-boots

6、boot-boots3.3.单复同形：单复同形：sheep deer Chinese Japanesesheep deer Chinese Japanese4.4.特殊形式：特殊形式：mouse-mice child-childrenmouse-mice child-children1.I need some 1.I need some (tomato)to make salad.(tomato)to make salad.2.The2.The(leaf)turn yellow in autumn.(leaf)turn yellow in autumn.3.These 3.These(chil

7、d)are flying kites in the(child)are flying kites in the park.park.4.Husbands should share the housework with their 4.Husbands should share the housework with their(wife).(wife).5.We should brush 5.We should brush(tooth)three times a(tooth)three times a day.day.6.Dont move these 6.Dont move these(box

8、).They are(box).They are dangerous.dangerous.tomatoestomatoesleavesleaveschildrenchildrenwiveswivesteethteethboxesboxes抽象名词抽象名词1.1.情感：情感：joy happiness sadness illnessjoy happiness sadness illness2.2.学科：学科：mathsmaths physics chemistry physics chemistry geographygeography3.3.概念：概念：advice news time mon

9、ey advice news time money music music 物质名词物质名词1.1.液体：液体：water milk juice tea soup water milk juice tea soup coffeecoffee2.2.食物：食物：bread meat beefbread meat beef3.3.自然：自然：rain snow wind ice weather rain snow wind ice weather sandsand4.4.材料：材料：paper plastic gold cottonpaper plastic gold cotton1.Is the

10、re 1.Is there on the plate?on the plate?A.many chicken B.any chicken A.many chicken B.any chicken C.some chickens D.any chickens C.some chickens D.any chickens2.There are 2.There are under that tree.under that tree.A.some chicken B.much chicken A.some chicken B.much chicken C.some chickens D.a lot o

11、f C.some chickens D.a lot of chickenchicken3.Here isnt enough 3.Here isnt enough (room)for(room)for you.you.B BC Croomroom名词名词可数可数不可数不可数名词名词可数可数不可数不可数chickenchicken小鸡小鸡鸡肉鸡肉orangeorange橘子橘子橘汁橘汁glassglass眼镜眼镜玻璃玻璃paperpaper报纸报纸纸纸lifelife生命生命生活生活roomroom房间房间空间空间exerciseexercise练习练习锻炼锻炼experiencexperienc

12、e e经历经历经验经验timetime次次/倍数倍数时间时间radioradio收音机收音机无线电无线电woodwood树林树林木头木头lightlight电灯电灯光线光线workwork作品作品工作工作ironiron熨斗熨斗铁铁5.n.+5.n.+eseese 或或n(n(表示国籍或语言的形容词）表示国籍或语言的形容词）China-Chinese Japan-Japanese China-Chinese Japan-Japanese America-American India-Indian America-American India-Indian Australia-Australia

13、n Australia-Australian6.n.+6.n.+ousous:danger-dangerous humor-humorous danger-dangerous humor-humorous7.n.+less(7.n.+less(构成含有否定意义的形容词）构成含有否定意义的形容词）care-careless hope-hopeless care-careless hope-hopeless home-homeless use-useless home-homeless use-useless8.8.以以enceence或或anceance结尾名词变结尾名词变enceence或或a

14、nceance为为entent或或antant：difference-different silence-difference-different silence-silent silent importance-important importance-important 1.n.+y(1.n.+y(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词）尤其是一些与天气有关的名词）sun-sunny rain-rainy wind-windy sun-sunny rain-rainy wind-windy snow-snowy cloud-cloudy fog-foggy snow-snowy cloud-cloud

15、y fog-foggy sleep-sleepy health-healthy luck-lucky sleep-sleepy health-healthy luck-lucky2.n.+al 2.n.+al 或去或去e+al:e+al:centre-central culture-cultural centre-central culture-cultural nature-natural person-personal nature-natural person-personal nation-national music-musical nation-national music-mus

16、ical 3.n.+3.n.+fulful:color-colorful use-useful harm-harmful color-colorful use-useful harm-harmful wonder-wonderful beauty-beautiful wonder-wonderful beauty-beautiful 4.n.+4.n.+lyly friend-friendly love-lovely friend-friendly love-lovely 1.It will be 1.It will be (rain)tomorrow.(rain)tomorrow.2.It

17、is 2.It is (danger)to swim in the river(danger)to swim in the river alone.alone.3.You are so 3.You are so (luck)to visit the Great(luck)to visit the Great Wall.Wall.4.After the earthquake,hundreds of people 4.After the earthquake,hundreds of people became became (home).(home).5.We all need a 5.We al

18、l need a (health)environment.(health)environment.6.There are many 6.There are many (culture(culture）differences differences between the East and the West.between the East and the West.7.Lucy is an 7.Lucy is an (America),but she can(America),but she can speak Chinese well.speak Chinese well.rainyrain

19、ydangerousdangerousluckyluckyhomelesshomelesshealthyhealthyculturalculturalAmericanAmerican1.n.+1.n.+istist:science-scientist tour-tourist science-scientist tour-tourist art-artist art-artist 2.n.+2.n.+erer/r:/r:work-worker farm-farmer work-worker farm-farmer garden-gardener dance-dancer garden-gard

20、ener dance-dancer3.n.+3.n.+ianian:music-musician music-musician s s 所有格：所有格：1.1.有生命的单数名词加有生命的单数名词加s s：Lucys friendLucys friend my sons pen my sons pen 2.2.有生命的复数名词：有生命的复数名词：（1 1）以）以s s结尾的加结尾的加 :Teachers Day :Teachers Day my parents bedroom my parents bedroom (2)(2)不以不以s s结尾的加结尾的加s:womens work s:wome

21、ns work Childrens Day Childrens Day 8.Many 8.Many(tour)would like to visit(tour)would like to visit the Great Wall when they come to the Great Wall when they come to Beijing.Beijing.9.The 9.The(farm)raises many animals(farm)raises many animals on his farm.on his farm.10.Mr.Green is a great 10.Mr.Gre

22、en is a great (music).(music).11.Can you find the 11.Can you find the (different)between the two(different)between the two pictures?pictures?12.Tomas Edison was a great 12.Tomas Edison was a great (science)in the world.(science)in the world.touristtourists sfarmerfarmermusicianmusiciandifferencediff

23、erences sscientistscientist1.1.表示表示“店铺店铺”“”“某人的家某人的家”“”“诊所诊所”“”“办公办公室室”的名词所有格后，一般省去被修饰的表的名词所有格后，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。如：示地点的名词。如：at the doctors(at the doctors(在在诊所）诊所）go to my uncles go to my uncles（去我叔叔（去我叔叔家）家）2.2.一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如someonesomeone，everybodyeverybody等和等和elseelse连用时，连用时，ss应

24、应加在加在elseelse后。如：后。如：somebody elses pen somebody elses pen(别人的钢笔）别人的钢笔）3.3.表示时间、距离、国家等的名词：表示时间、距离、国家等的名词：（1 1）单数加）单数加s:an hours walk s:an hours walk Chinas development Chinas development (2)(2)复数加复数加 :five minutes walk :five minutes walk4.4.表示几个人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后边表示几个人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后边加加s:Tom and Jims room

25、(s:Tom and Jims room(汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆共同的房间）共同的房间）5.5.表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词后边表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词后边加加s:s:Mikes and Johns desks(Mikes and Johns desks(麦克和约翰麦克和约翰各自的书桌）各自的书桌）5.There is a book on the desk.It can be my5.There is a book on the desk.It can be my.A.sister B.sisters C.sisters D.A.sister B.sisters C.sisters D.

26、sisterssisters6.My father will have a 6.My father will have a holiday next month.holiday next month.A.ten days B.ten days C.ten-days A.ten days B.ten days C.ten-days D.tenD.ten daysdays7.I met Tina at the 7.I met Tina at the.She had a fever.She had a fever.A.doctor B.doctors C.doctors D.doctors A.do

27、ctor B.doctors C.doctors D.doctors8.8.bedroom is very clean.bedroom is very clean.A.Kims and Jim B.Kims and Jims A.Kims and Jim B.Kims and JimsC.Kim and Jims D.Kim and JimC.Kim and Jims D.Kim and JimB BB BC CC C1.There is a nice picture in the little 1.There is a nice picture in the little(girl)(gir

28、l)bedroom.bedroom.2.The museum is far from here.Its about 2.The museum is far from here.Its about oneone (hour)ride.(hour)ride.3.Teachers will hold a party on 3.Teachers will hold a party on (teacher)Day.(teacher)Day.4.It is said that4.It is said that（tomorrow)tomorrow)meeting will be put off.meetin

29、g will be put off.girlgirls shourhours sTeachersTeacherstomorrowstomorrows 双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分，有双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式两种形式1.Of+1.Of+名词所有格。如：名词所有格。如：a photo of my a photo of my brothers(brothers(我弟弟的一张照片）我弟弟的一张照片）2.Of+2.Of+名词性物主代词。如：名词性物主代词。如：a new friend a new friend of mine(of mine(我的一个新朋友）我的一个新朋友）注意：

30、注意：双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同。如：双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同。如：1.1.表示无生命事物的名词一般用表示无生命事物的名词一般用of of 所有格。如：所有格。如：a leg of the table(a leg of the table(桌子的一条腿）桌子的一条腿）a map of China (a map of China (一张中国地图）一张中国地图）2.Of2.Of所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的东西，所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的东西，表示所属关系，特别是当这些所有者有较长的表示所属关系，特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。如：定语时。如：the name of the b

31、rave young the name of the brave young man(man(这个勇敢的年轻人的名字）这个勇敢的年轻人的名字）3.3.表示某物的一部分或抽象概念，如：表示某物的一部分或抽象概念，如：the the top of the house top of the house（房屋的顶部）（房屋的顶部）1.1.名词的分类。名词的分类。2.2.可数名词的单复数及单数变复数规则。可数名词的单复数及单数变复数规则。3.3.中考中常见的不可数名词。中考中常见的不可数名词。4.4.既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词。既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词。5.5.名词变形容词及名词变名词

32、的用法。名词变形容词及名词变名词的用法。6.6.名词所有格的用法。名词所有格的用法。a photo of Marys(a photo of Marys(照片属于玛丽，但照片上照片属于玛丽，但照片上的人不一定是玛丽）的人不一定是玛丽）a photo of Mary(a photo of Mary(照片上的人是玛丽本人）照片上的人是玛丽本人）小练笔：小练笔：1.He is _.1.He is _.A.an old friend of I B.my an old A.an old friend of I B.my an old friend friend C.an old friend of my

33、D.an old friend C.an old friend of my D.an old friend of mineof mine2.Aunt Mary is a good friend of 2.Aunt Mary is a good friend of A.my mother B.my mothers A.my mother B.my mothers C.my mothers D.my mothers C.my mothers D.my mothersD DB BHomework 1.Review what we have learned.1.Review what we have learned.2.Finish off the exercises of 2.Finish off the exercises of P4143.P4143.