中考英语总复习课件：阅读理解.ppt

1、记叙文的话题以故事类为主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等，以道德教育为目的，每年至少有两篇涉及该话题。说明文以介绍类为主，包括饮食健康、咨询建议、文化风俗、科普知识、社会热点、人物介绍、广告信息等，内容涉及广泛，以了解知识为目的。广告图表类阅读理解一方面增加了文章的趣味性、多样性，一方面贴近生活，能教会学生英语在日常生活中的运用。分析辽宁近3年真题可知，广告图表涉及较多的是3至4组不同的广告或者图表组合，也会涉及某一张海报或某一则信息，所涉及的内容多贴近人们的生活。阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学知识的能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。考生需要在较短时间内读取材料、感知文章大意、获取关

2、键信息，从而对需要完成的题目做出正确的选择。以下是做阅读理解题的一些解题步骤及技巧：1.通读全文，感知文章大意。通读全文，关注文章的首尾段和每段的中心句，快速获取文章的主旨大意，确定文章的基调，为选出正确答案打好基础。2.审读问题，带着问题找答案。读懂短文后审读题目，抓住题眼，再通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，在关键词所在句、段寻求正确答案。3.复读文章，检查答案。完成答题后，将短文重读一遍，在此基础上对每道题再进行复查，尤其是不太确定的答案再次进行判断。(2017,营口)My parents give me an allowance every week.An allowanc

3、e is the money I earn(赚得)when I do chores or jobs around the house.There are a lot of things I want to buy with my allowance,but I have to earn it first！There are many ways to earn money.I do chores,make my bed and empty the dishwasher.I also help my parents whenever they ask.My parents let me choos

4、e how to spend my allowance,but they say I shouldnt use it up at once.Thats why they taught me about budgets(预算).A budget helps people buy things now and also save for things in the future.My mom says there are three ways to use my allowance.I can spend it,save it or give it away.I want to do all th

5、ree,so my mom and I make three jars.One is a“spend”jar,one is a“save”jar,and one is a“give”jar.Spend jarThe spend jar is my favorite！I put most of my allowance here.At the end of the month,I count up all my spending money.I use it to buy things and do fun things with my friends.Save jarSometimes,the

6、re are things I want,but I dont have enough money.Thats what the save jar for.I put some of my allowance in it.It builds up more and more each week.After a while,I have enough money to buy what I want.1.The Chinese meaning of the underlined word“allowance”isA.允许 B.零用钱 C.承诺 D.费用2.There are _ jars for

7、 the writers money.A.one B.two C.three D.fourGive jarThe last jar is very special.Its the give jar.I donate(捐赠)the money to the charity(慈善)or another good cause.My dad says that donating money helps other people and makes our world a better place.I like putting my allowance into my three jars.Its fu

8、n to see it build up over time!Do you earn an allowance?4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？_A.The writers parents have a large amount of moneyB.The writer asks his mother to make the three jars C.The writer donates money in the“spend”jar to a charityD.There are many ways to ge

9、t the allowance for the writer3.For budgets,the writers parents didnt want him to _A.spend all the money in a short timeB.build up too much money C.save the money for things in the futureD.choose how to spend the money方法一词义猜测题。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文正确判断词义的能力。词义猜测题中出现的单词大多数是考生从未见过的生词，考生需要在该词出现的上下文中寻找线索。通过阅

10、读上下文，判断该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文章，检查是否贴切。常见的猜词技巧有：利用构词法猜词；利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜词；利用上下文语境猜词；利用定义和解释猜词。如第1题：题干意为：划线单词“allowance”的汉语意思是_。根据该单词出现的下一句“An allowance is the money I earn(赚得)when I do chores or jobs around the house.”可知是作者通过做家务或者其他工作赚到的钱，推测与零花钱最为接近。故选B。5.We can learn how to _ according to the passage.A.us

11、e the allowance B.B.make the three jarsC.help others D.buy things方法三推理判断题。推理判断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查考生的理解力和判断力。通常包括数字事实推断、常识推断以及作者意图及态度推断。应该理解作者的意图和态度，真理并不一定是文章的正确答案。做这类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对相关细节进行分析，找出线索，反复比较，从而作出正确的判断。如第4题：题干意为：根据文章下列哪一项是正确的？根据第一段倒数第三句“There are many ways to earn money.”可知有很多赚钱的方式，而作者赚钱是

12、为了得到零用钱，可知该表达与文章内容一致。故选D。方法二细节理解题。细节理解题往往是针对文章的某一个细节进行设题。快速捕捉信息，利用题目的关键词在对应词周围找答案或直接在文章中搜索答案。此类问题通常是针对文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行设问。如2、3题。以第2题为例，题干意为：针对作者的钱有_罐子。根据第二段第六句“I want to do all three,so my mom and I make three jars.”可知作者一共有三个罐子，故选C。方法四主旨大意题。主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主题的领会和理解能力。在解答此类问题时，要在精读原文的基础上结合所学知识进行逻辑判断，获取文章中的内在信息。主题句通常出现在文章的第一句或最后一句。以第5题为例，题干意为：根据这篇文章我们可以学会如何_。根据文章第一段第一句“My parents give me an allowance every week.”和最后一段最后一句“Do you earn an allowance？”可知文章是围绕零用钱展开的，再根据各段内容可知文章是教会我们如何合理利用零用钱。故选A。