2021届中考英语备考复习-简单句课件.pptx

1、20212021届中考英语备考复届中考英语备考复习习简单句简单句陈述句、疑问句、陈述句、疑问句、反义疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句反义疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句 By Wingtim1.陈述句陈述句 2.疑问句疑问句:特殊特殊/一般一般/反义反义/选择选择疑问句疑问句3.感叹句感叹句:what/how引导引导4.祈使句祈使句 5.倒装倒装句句 简单句简单句 英语中考考点英语中考考点 陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。1陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型陈述句的肯定句

2、式主要有五种基本句型 (1)“Sbe/feel/smelladj”Eg:I am happy.(2)“Svi:look,speak,come,stay”Eg:The students work very hard.(3)“S+vt(teach,study,use,read.)+O”Eg:I teach English.考点一考点一 陈述句陈述句 (4)“主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语”，间接，间接 宾语是人，直接宾语是物。宾语是人，直接宾语是物。give/send/pass/take/bring/show/lend/sell sb.sth.=_/_/_/_/_/_/_

3、/_ sth.to sb.She sent me a present.She sent a present to me.buy/make/build/mend/cook sb.sth =_/_/_/_/_ sth.for sb.My father bought me a bike.My father bought a bike for me.(5)“SvtO+OC(宾补宾补)”The teacher asked the students to listen carefully in S Vt O OC class.2陈述句的否定句式陈述句的否定句式 (1)benot (2)can/should

4、/must/do/does/didnotdo I dont get up at six oclock this morning.(3)no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,neithernor,none 等词构成否定句。等词构成否定句。I can hardly believe his story.(4)think,believe,suppose:Sb dont/doesnt think/believe/suppose(否定前移否定前移)Eg:I dont think he can pass the exam.(5)“tooto”句型本身具有否定的含义

5、。句型本身具有否定的含义。She is too young to go to school.She is not old enough to go to school.She is so young that he cant go to school.1一般疑问句一般疑问句 (1)一般疑问句主要有三种结构：一般疑问句主要有三种结构：Be 动词动词？助动词助动词？Can/May/Must/Shall？(2)一般疑问句的一般疑问句的回答用回答用yes或者或者no。考点二考点二 疑问句疑问句 (3)否定疑问句的答语否定疑问句的答语 否定疑问句结构：否定疑问句结构：Isnt/Cant/Dont？表示请

6、求、看法或者惊讶等表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。Arent you a student?Yes，I am./No,I am not.Cant he win the match?Yes,I can./No,I cant.Doesnt she go to school?Yes,she does./No,he doesnt.2特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 where 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句=“5W1H why /how 一般疑问句一般疑问句”。what 3选择疑问句选择疑问句 when which“一般疑问句选项一般疑问句选项”Would you like some juice or tea?“特殊疑问句选项特殊

7、疑问句选项”Which season do you like best,summer or winter?陈述句与附加疑问句意思相反：陈述句与附加疑问句意思相反：前肯后否、前否后肯。前肯后否、前否后肯。Mary is a teacher,_？He didnt tell you the story,_？考点三考点三 反意疑问句反意疑问句 isnt she did he（）1She didnt come to school yesterday,did she?_,though she was not feeling well.A.No,she didnt B.Yes,she didnt C.No,

8、she did D.Yes,she did（）2-He hardly spent any time on his subjects,_?-_,so he does badly in his lessons.A.didnt he,Yes B.did he,Yes C.didnt he,No D.did he,No（）3Theres little meat left in the fridge,_?_.Ill get some on my way home.A.is there,Yes B.isnt there,Yes C.is there,No D.isnt there,NoDDC（）4-Liu

9、 Tao has never read the book The Adventure of Tom Sawyer,_ he?-_.He told me its very interesting.Hed like to read it again.A.is;No,he isnt B.has;Yes,he has C.isnt;Yes,he is D.hasnt;No,he hasn（）5Tom finished his homework,didnt he?_,though he was ill yesterday.A.No,he didnt B.Yes,he did C.Yes,he does

10、D.No,he doesnt（）6-You used to be short,didnt you?-_.I was the shortest in my class.A.Yes,I did.B.No,I didnt.C.Yes,I was.D.No,I wasnt.BBA 2反义疑问句的基本对应形式如下：反义疑问句的基本对应形式如下：(1)be动词对应动词对应am/is/are/was/were。Yes,she is.She is a policewoman,_isnt she_？No,she isnt.(2)情态动词对应情态动词对应can/should/may/will。Yes,he can

11、.He can drive the car,_cant he_ No,he cant.(3)行为动词对应助动词行为动词对应助动词do/does/did。He slept for 9 hours yesterday,_didnt he_Yes,he did.No,he didnt.He didnt go to the park,_did he_？Yes,he did.No,he didnt.3特殊形式特殊形式 (1)当陈述句中含有表示当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词否定的代词或形容词，如，如nothing,none,no one,nobody,neither,few,little等，或含有表

12、示等，或含有表示否定否定意义的副词意义的副词never,hardly,seldom时，附加疑问句只能用肯定时，附加疑问句只能用肯定式。式。Linda has never been to Beijing,_？has she 陈述句陈述句附加疑问句附加疑问句祈使句:Eg:Open the window,wont youused to:He used to go to bed late,didnt+he./usednt+he.句子中主语为:this/thatEg:This is a fantastic film,isnt it句子中主语为:these/thoseEg:These are fantas

13、tic films,arent they句子主语是:there beEg:There is a wallet in your car,isnt there句子主语是:letsLets go somewhere interesting,shall we句子主语是:I amEg:Im the first one to get here,arent I 4主从复合句的反意疑问句主从复合句的反意疑问句 (1)陈述部分是陈述部分是“I/We think(believe,suppose,consider)that从句从句”(主语是主语是第一人称第一人称)或者是或者是“Im sure that/Im afr

14、aid that/I hope that/It seems that”时，附加疑问部分的时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从句的主语相一致主语应和从句的主语相一致，但须，但须注意否定前移的现象。注意否定前移的现象。I dont think he is right,is he?(2)如果主从复合句的如果主从复合句的主语是其他人称主语是其他人称，附加疑问句部分，附加疑问句部分的的主语和主句的主语保持一致主语和主句的主语保持一致。She doesnt know if Jim is a good student,does she?考点四考点四 感叹句感叹句 感叹句感叹句whathow1.What a/an+a

15、dj+n(单单)+(主主+谓谓)Eg:What a nice boy(he is)!2.What adj+n(复复)+(主主+谓谓)Eg:What nice boys(they are)!3.How+adj+主主+谓谓Eg:How nice you are!4.how+adj+a/an+n(单单)+(主主+谓谓)Eg:How nice a boy he is!5.How+adv+(主主+谓）谓）Eg:How fast he runs!做题方法：做题方法：_How_How_widewide(the streets arethe streets are)!adj adj 主主 谓谓 A A.Wha

16、t B.How .What B.How C C.What a D.How a.What a D.How a2._2._What_ _ a beautiful flower(it is)!adj n 主主 谓谓找主谓找主谓看看主谓前是否有名词主谓前是否有名词 可数名词单数可数名词单数 用用 What a/an若若有名词有名词 不可数名词或可数名词复数不可数名词或可数名词复数 用用 What若若没名词没名词，只用，只用How（）1.1.wide the streets are!wide the streets are!A A.What B.How .What B.How C C.What a D.

17、How a.What a D.How a（）2.2.exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A A.What B.How .What B.How C C.What an D.How an.What an D.How an（）3 3.interesting talk Mr.Black gave us!interesting talk Mr.Black gave us!Yes.We all like it very much.Yes.We all like it

18、very much.A A.How B.What .How B.What C C.What an D.How an.What an D.How an（）4.An earthquake hit Chile on February 274.An earthquake hit Chile on February 27thth,2010.,2010.terrible news!terrible news!A.What B.What a C.How D.How a A.What B.What a C.How D.How a（）5.5.beautiful flowers!Who sent them to

19、you?beautiful flowers!Who sent them to you?Ah,its a secret.Ah,its a secret.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a A.What B.What a C.How D.How aACCAA Have a good holiday！Be careful when you cross the road.Lets have a rest.No parking!祈使句祈使句考点六考点六 倒装句倒装句 结构结构1So助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/be动词主语动词主语(前后句主语前后句主语不是同一个人不是同一个人；

20、表示前者所述的肯定事实；表示前者所述的肯定事实 也适合后者也适合后者)Mike has read the book about the science museum.So has his parents.2Neither助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/be动词主语动词主语 (前后句的主语前后句的主语不是同一个人不是同一个人；表达前者所述的否定事实也适合；表达前者所述的否定事实也适合 后者）后者）John cant speak Japanese.Neither can Helen.3So主语助动词主语助动词/情态动词情态动词/be动词动词(与前句中的主语与前句中的主语是同一是同一 个人个人，意为，意为“的确如此的确如此”，起强调作用起强调作用)The paper is very difficult.Tony has made so many mistakes.So he has.4(1)Here/There谓语动词主语谓语动词主语(名词名词)There is a school near my house.(2)Here/There主语主语(代词代词)谓语动词谓语动词Here comes the bus.Here you are.