2021届中考英语备考复习-任务型阅读-句子还原型(七选五)考点、解题技巧课件.pptx

1、2021届中考英语备考复习任务型阅读任务型阅读-句子还原型句子还原型 解题技巧梳理解题技巧梳理 设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾、段中设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾、段中 1.1.读选项，画关键词，暗排序读选项，画关键词，暗排序 2.2.速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意 2.2.理清文章结构，找逻辑，抓过渡词理清文章结构，找逻辑，抓过渡词 3.3.先易后难解难题先易后难解难题 4.4.回读文章定答案回读文章定答案句子还原型句子还原型五选五、六选五、七选五五选五、六选五、七选五解题步骤解题步骤得分技巧得分技巧 抓住过渡词，看住上下句抓住过渡词，看住上下句 盯紧横

2、线前后词语盯紧横线前后词语选项特点选项特点 主旨概括句主旨概括句 过渡性句子过渡性句子 注释性句子注释性句子 1.1.通常是段落的主题句通常是段落的主题句 认真阅读空格后文内容，划出关键词，在选项中找到一致的主题句 2.2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等 着重读空格后第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关词，一般正确选项的最后一句与空格后第一句意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有并列、转折、因果关系等 3.3.段落间的过渡句段落间的过渡句 阅读上一段结尾部分，通常选项与上一段结尾有机衔接起来，所选答案要将上一段结尾和下一段内容连贯起来如果问题设在段首 例

3、题解析 难度：两颗星 1.The government provides families with computers so that the children can use the Internet to talk to their teachers and classmates by e-mail now.The teachers enjoy their work very much because they get to know the children and their family very well.It is an interesting way to learn,don

4、t you think?A.The teacher also travelled around the country.B.All over the deserts are farms and small towns.C.This was how the first School of the Air started.D.These families children cannot go to school like you.E.With the development of technology,computers are becoming popular.问题设在段首思路：1.设在段首，首

5、先考虑为主题句主题句2.着重读空格后句子，锁定线索信号词线索信号词，然后在选项中查找主题词主题词 2.We call it cleaning the plates.Xu Jun has done it for years.He said,There are still a lot of people who dont have enough to eat.However,many people have thrown away a whole chicken or fish.Cleaning the plates is not only to save food,but also to pro

6、tect the environment and our health.A.If customers order more than they can eat B.There are still a lot of people who dont have enough to eat C.Restaurants have also joined the action D.Some people like eating up everything on their plates E.I think we should order enough food we like问题设在段首思路：空格后一句

7、we call it.我们叫它即解释说明某事物即解释说明某事物，空格处应与该句解释相关 3.1 .In order to attract（吸引）customers,they put a notice in front of the restaurantrestaurant,which said Meals on the House for Three Days.2 .It was lunch time and hehe felt very hungry.Well,here is a restaurant.I am going to have something to eat.He walked

8、 towards the restaurant when he saw the notice.American people are really strange.They even eat dinners on the house!But how can I get up to the top of the house?he said to himself.问题设在段首思路：空格1 空格后目的状语为了吸引顾客以及空格后关键词restaurantrestaurant 空格空格2 2 空格后指代的代词 hehe 表明空格处有对应人 A.He walked towards the restaura

9、ntB.He heard someone shouting at himC.Mr.Smith opened a small restaurantD.Mr.Smith and the policeman laughedE.A foreign student passed by on the second day 1.Can you imagine a world without the Internet?Its surprising to think about it.This is the second highest number of users in the world after th

10、e United States.Today,66%of Chinese netizens（网民）are teenagers.They spend about thirteen hours every week online,said Qian Hulin,an Internet expert.Doctor Song in Beijing Xuanwu Hospital said about 14%of Chinese netizens are teens A.They often lasted over ten hours to play online games.B.On the Inter

11、net,teenagers can find out almost anything.C.It is cheaper than phoning somebody far away and also much quicker.D.Now,China has more than 162 million Internet users,according to the China Internet Network Information Centre.练一练 2.Preparing a list is necessary for writing a good article.Such a list i

12、ncludes:Is there a proper title?Have we explained every point?Are all the parts of the article included?This can help us to make sure that we have covered everything.A.Prepare a list B.The following tips can be helpful C.Rewriting makes our writing better D.It is not easy to become a better writer E

13、.Good word choices are necessary for good writing 例题解析 难度：四颗星 1.The Earth is 4.5 billion years old,but the human race has lived on it for just 200,000 years.In that short time,we have achieved some amazing things.1 The list is almost endless.The invention of the airplane has changed our lives.The di

14、scovery of antibiotics（抗生素）has saved the lives of millions of people.Can you imagine living without electricity?What about the printing press（印刷术）?Without the printing press,you wouldnt be reading this.In the last 50 years,there have been great achievements in communication,such as radio,TV,computer

15、s,the Internet,and smartphones（智能手机）问题设在段首思路：推测空格应填 主题句主题句根据后面举例-飞机、抗生素、电、印刷术、电视、电脑等，都与科学技术有关 A.Do you think it is difficult to have great achievements?B.We enjoy these things every day because they are free to use.C.They used fire for cooking and heating and invented the wheel.D.Many of humans grea

16、t achievements are in science and technology.E.We could probably live without them,but life wouldnt be as interesting.2.You can not be perfectperfect,you can only be the best you can be.No one in this world is perfect,so dont blame（指责）yourself for making a mistake or not being perfect.Also,stop comp

17、aring yourself to others.A.Tell others I love you.B.Stop trying to be perfect.C.The better you know yourself,the easier it will be to love yourself.D.You will never be them and they will never be you.E.This is what you can truly do to make people happy.问题设在段首思路：1.设在段首，首先考虑为主题句主题句2.着重读空格后第一两句，锁定线索信号词

18、线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关词3.However,this isnt the problem with the twin girls.They always arguedargued that the opposite one was wrong._.To put an end to their fightsfights,theirtheir parents decided to create a small drama.They wanted the girls to understand that they were both correct from their own point

19、of view.A.They look like each other B.For years,their arguments continued C.Their mother asked Tara the same question D.In the room,a big board was placed in the middle问题设在段首思路：1.设在段首，首先考虑为主题句主题句2.着重读空格后第一两句，锁定线索信号词线索信号词，空格前后有argue/fightsargue/fights与选项arguments相呼应 1.We can save lots of water by not

20、 letting taps（水龙头）run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands.By collecting cold water when were taking warm showers,we can also save water.We dont have to let the cold water run until it gets warm.In this way,we can make full use of water.A.However,just how much is

21、 too much?B.There are several things we can do to save water.C.Finally,they make laws to control the use of water.D.We dont have to let the cold water run until it gets warm.E.They also increase water bills for people who use too much.练一练 2.Think about violinists in an orchestra（管弦乐团）.When the violi

22、nists play with the group,they hear their own instrument and many others,too.But the violinists must listen closely to what they are playing,and pay no attention to the other sounds.In this way,musicians are able to focus on certain sounds,even in a room with lots of noise.A.Music helps people solve

23、 some hearing problems.B.Music improves certain language abilities in the brain.C.The violinists develop their memories by playing the violin.D.Musicians hear better because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds.E.Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to speak.

24、1.1.从词汇线索判断：词汇线索主要包括从词汇线索判断：词汇线索主要包括 代词和词汇复现代词和词汇复现 两种情况两种情况 1 1）代词）代词 选项中代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物指代前面提到的人或物，巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以准确而快速解题 2 2）词汇复现）词汇复现 选项中出现与上一段句子相同词汇、同义词汇、近义词以及同一类型的词，解题时利用这些词作为解题线索 2.2.从行文逻辑上判断从行文逻辑上判断 逻辑关系包括：并列关系、递进关系、对比关系、因果关系并列关系、递进关系、对比关系、因果关系如果问题设在段中 1)1)并列关系并列关系 如果空格处或前后两句话出现：first/firstly,

25、second/secondly,third/thirdly,next,then,for one thing,for first/firstly,second/secondly,third/thirdly,next,then,for one thing,for another,to begin with,to concludeanother,to begin with,to conclude等标志词，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系 2 2）递进关系）递进关系 如果空格处或前后两句话出现also,besides,furthermore,moreover,in addition,also,besi

26、des,furthermore,moreover,in addition,whats more,whats worse,in other words,similarlywhats more,whats worse,in other words,similarly等标志词，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的递进 3 3）对比或转折关系）对比或转折关系 如果空格处或前后两句话出现 but,however,yet,instead,otherwise,on the other but,however,yet,instead,otherwise,on the other hand,on the contrary

27、,regardless ofhand,on the contrary,regardless of等标志词等标志词，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的对比或转折关系 4 4）因果关系）因果关系 如果空格处或前后两句话出现 because,why,so,thus,therefore,as a resultbecause,why,so,thus,therefore,as a result等标志词，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的因果关系 例题解析 难度：两颗星 1.Escalators are machines that make moving around easy.SoSo people invented m

28、achines to make it easier.A.It runs from one floor to the next B.Climbing stairs can be really tiring C.But you dont movethe steps move you D.The mother tried hard to hold up her child E.Then the steps go back where you stepped on问题设在段中思路：空格后soso，表明空格与后句是因果关系因果关系 2.Escalators make our life easier bu

29、t at the same time there is a possible danger.On 26 July 2015,in Jinzhou Department Store,a mother holding a child set foot on the escalator.There was something wrong with it.They got stuck.The child was saved.But the mother fell within the escalator.A.It runs from one floor to the next B.Climbing s

30、tairs can be really tiring C.But you dont movethe steps move you D.The mother tried hard to hold up her child E.Then the steps go back where you stepped on问题设在段中思路：根据空格前后句重复出现的关键词mother、child,考虑空格处会出现词汇复现词汇复现，讲述相关事情 3.I was very happy when I saw so many lovely birds.2 ButBut I didnt bring any food.I

31、t was a pity.However,to my surprise,when I sat down,the birds slowly came toward me.They looked at me.3 Then my sister told me,Birds in New Zealand are not afraid of people.People are nice to them.A.If not,birds may get ill.B.People are nice to them.C.There were lots of birds.D.I wanted to give them

32、 some food.E.I did not understand why they came to me.问题设在段中思路：空格后出现转折词but，表明前后两句为转折关系转折关系 1.Different people like different foods.Some people do not like meat.3 Some people do not like potatoes or bread.They prefer rice.A.They like soft music.B.Not everyone likes the same color.C.Millions of people

33、 watch the games on TV.D.They eat fruit and vegetables most of the time.E.Some other people enjoy beautiful places like the mountains or beaches.练一练 2.Fiction or nonfiction?Fiction or nonfiction?Some books are totally made up and imagined.2 Novels,short stories and fables（寓言）are all examples of fict

34、ion.These books can bring you to another world or help you imagine something beyond（超出）your own experience.A.Ask them and give it a read.B.Those are called fiction books.C.How can you pick one you will like?D.Nonfiction books tell stories using facts.E.You dont have to search all by yourself.3.Ask a

35、n expert.Ask an expert.Your local library is a great place to find books that you will loved.5 Tell a librarian about your interests.Your librarian can help you find books that youre sure to love.Your teacher is another good person to ask.A.Ask them and give it a read.B.Those are called fiction book

36、s.C.How can you pick one you will like?D.Nonfiction books tell stories using facts.E.You dont have to search all by yourself.例题解析 难度：四颗星 1.Finally,we must not forget humans early achievements.We cant imagine modern life without cooked food and carscooked food and cars.A.Do you think it is difficult

37、to have great achievements?B.Is it something that makes us rich or happy or save lives?C.We enjoy these things every day because they are free to use.D.They used fire for cooking and heating and invented the wheel.E.Many of humans great achievements are in science and technology.问题设在段中思路：选项中一般会出现前后段

38、同义词，即词语复现词语复现 2.What are humans greatest achievements?To answer the question,we need to decide what we mean by great.OrOr is it just something that makes us say Wow,like the Great Wall?What do you think?A.Do you think it is difficult to have great achievements?B.Is it something that makes us rich or

39、 happy or save lives?C.We enjoy these things every day because they are free to use.D.They used fire for cooking and heating and invented the wheel.E.And is Mickey Mouse as important an achievement as going to space?问题设在段中段中思路：根据空格后 or 连接的两个句子，后句为一般疑问句，可推测空格也为一般疑问句，前后两句为选择关系选择关系 3.Be kind to others

40、and do nice things for them.This will help to build your self-confidence.You will realize that by making other people happymaking other people happy,you yourself will also become happy with your life and yourself.A.The better you know yourself,the easier it will be to love yourself.B.You will never

41、be them and they will never be you.C.This is what you can truly do to make people happy.D.They can accept you for who you are and only want the best for you.E.Accept yourself and love yourself for who you are.问题设在段中段中思路：选项中一般会出现前后段同义词，即词语复现词语复现 4.A problem is only a problem until there is a solution

42、（解决办法）.We find solutions by thinking creatively.1 In other wordsIn other words,we think outside the box（跳出固有模式思维）.Sometimes,thinking outside the box solves not just one,but two problems.A.In fact,these apartments are not in good condition.B.However,they were surprised when they saw them.C.Steel comp

43、anies recycle some of the old containers.D.Recycling the steel containers has many advantages.E.We use our imagination and come up with creative ideas.问题设在段中段中思路：空格后 有递进词：in other words,表明前后句为递进关系，空格句意空格句意与后句意思一致与后句意思一致 1.Is there a connection between music and language?According to recent studies,t

44、he answer is yes:Here,we look at two examples.A.It can even help sick people get better.B.Music helps people solve some hearing problems.C.Music improves certain language abilities in the brain.D.The violinists develop their memories by playing the violin.E.Musicians hear better because they learn t

45、o pay attention to certain sounds.练一练 2.Blood donors are those giving bloodusually about 200ml at a timeto blood banks or blood donation（捐赠）centers.For example,someone may have lost blood in accidents,or have a serious illness that require his blood to be replaced.Hospitals and blood banks store the

46、 blood and try to keep enough on hand.A.Donating blood is not difficult.B.Then the blood can be used for people in need.C.In fact,blood is the gift of life and keeps us alive.D.Donating blood is not only one of the easiest ways to save lives.E.Most people are able to donate blood again in several mo

47、nths if they wish.1.空格前一句或两句是重点语句空格前一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读锁定关键词 2.2.空格设在段尾，通常是结论，概括性语言空格设在段尾，通常是结论，概括性语言 注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等信号词，如：therefore,as a result,thus,therefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a wordhence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等词语，选项中也可以发现与前文与前文同义词句同义词句 3.3.

48、与前文是转折或对比关系与前文是转折或对比关系 此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲的内容选项中所讲的内容是否与前文前文在同一主题上形成对比、对立在同一主题上形成对比、对立关系如果问题设在段尾 4.4.与前文是并列或排比关系与前文是并列或排比关系 此类选项是为了补全本段主题内容的其他细节为了补全本段主题内容的其他细节。在该段中和选项中找到相关的特征词相关的特征词，通常选项中会出现 表示并列、递进的关联词表示并列、递进的关联词或与前文句式类似前文句式类似的结构 5.5.所选答案是引出下一段内容所选答案是引出下一段内容 此时可考虑选项与下一段的开头是否有一定衔接，认真阅读

49、空格后下一段开头几句认真阅读空格后下一段开头几句，看是否与选项紧密连接 例题解析 难度：两颗星 1.Some students say that their parents often say a lot to them,but never listen to them.Others say their parents dont let them play computer games when other classmates are playing that.These make them very unhappy.Some students even decide to leave ho

50、me because theyre afraid to tell their parents that do badly in exams.Then they think running away is the best choice.4 A.But they dont know running away may bring them more problems.B.They feel happy about it.C.Dont be afraid to tell them your feelings.D.They feel theyre not close to their parents