2020年新中考英语专题复习-复合句课件.pptx

1、1 1复合句第 2 2 页尖兵专训营专训十考题考题追踪追踪年份年份考查题型考查题型核心考点核心考点考查频率考查频率核心素养核心素养2015-2019单项填空单项填空,完形填空完形填空宾语从句的引导词、状语从宾语从句的引导词、状语从句的引导词句的引导词思维品质思维品质考势考势分析分析复合句是安徽中考的高频考点复合句是安徽中考的高频考点,每年必考每年必考,每年考查分值为每年考查分值为3分左右分左右第 3 3 页尖兵专训营专训十()1.(2019)1.(2019安徽安徽)I wonder)I wonder the students the students have a physical exami

2、nation.have a physical examination.Once a year.Once a year.A.howA.how far far B.howB.how soon soonC.howC.how long long D.howD.how often oftenD D答案答案第 4 4 页尖兵专训营专训十解析解析 句意句意:我想知道我想知道,这些学生多久进行一次体这些学生多久进行一次体检。检。每年一次。每年一次。how far“how far“多远多远”,”,对距离提问对距离提问;how;how soon“soon“多久多久”,”,对将来时态中对将来时态中“in+“in+时

3、间段时间段”提问提问;how long“;how long“多多久久”,”,对对for/sincefor/since引导的时间状语或从句提问引导的时间状语或从句提问;how often“;how often“多久多久一次一次”,”,对频率提问。从答语对频率提问。从答语“Once a year.”“Once a year.”可知可知,上句谈论的上句谈论的是是“频率频率”,”,应用应用how oftenhow often连接宾语从句。故选连接宾语从句。故选D D。解析解析第 5 5 页尖兵专训营专训十()2.(2018)2.(2018安徽安徽)I wonder)I wonderJane gets

4、on Jane gets on so well with her classmates.so well with her classmates.Because she always cares much about others.Because she always cares much about others.A.whetherA.whetherB.howB.howC.whenC.whenD.whyD.whyD D答案答案第 6 6 页尖兵专训营专训十解析解析 句意句意:我想知道简为什么与她的同学相处得那我想知道简为什么与她的同学相处得那么好。么好。因为她总是关心别人多一些。从答语的原因可

5、知因为她总是关心别人多一些。从答语的原因可知,上上述句子应该是询问为什么。故选述句子应该是询问为什么。故选D D。解析解析第 7 7 页尖兵专训营专训十()3.(2017)3.(2017安徽安徽)Do you know)Do you knowAnn goes Ann goes to work every day?to work every day?Usually by underground.Usually by underground.A.whyA.whyB.howB.howC.whenC.whenD.whetherD.whetherB B答案答案第 8 8 页尖兵专训营专训十解析解析 句意

6、句意:你知道安每天怎么上班吗你知道安每天怎么上班吗?通常乘坐通常乘坐地铁。由答语意思可知地铁。由答语意思可知,问者问的是安上班的方式。故选问者问的是安上班的方式。故选B B。解析解析第 9 9 页尖兵专训营专训十()4.(2016)4.(2016安徽安徽)Look at the stone bridge!Do)Look at the stone bridge!Do you knowyou knowit was built?it was built?In the 1860s.It is quite old.In the 1860s.It is quite old.A.whenA.when B.h

7、owB.how C.whereC.whereD.whyD.whyA A答案答案第 1010 页尖兵专训营专训十解析解析 句意句意:看这座石桥看这座石桥!你知道它是何时被建造的你知道它是何时被建造的吗吗?在在1919世纪世纪6060年代年代,它非常古老。根据答语它非常古老。根据答语“In the“In the 1860s.”1860s.”可知可知,上句是对时间提问的。故选上句是对时间提问的。故选A A。解析解析第 1111 页尖兵专训营专训十一、宾语从句一、宾语从句(一一)宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念在句中担当宾语的句子叫宾语从句在句中担当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语从句可作

8、谓语动词的宾语宾语,也可作介词的宾语。如也可作介词的宾语。如:He wanted to know what you said just now.He wanted to know what you said just now.He is interested in what you said just now.He is interested in what you said just now.第 1212 页尖兵专训营专训十(二二)宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词1.1.由由thatthat引导引导thatthat在宾语从句中无实际意义在宾语从句中无实际意义,只起连接作用只起连接作用,一般可

9、以省略。一般可以省略。(1)(1)作动词的宾语从句。如作动词的宾语从句。如:He said(that)he would go to the movies the next day.He said(that)he would go to the movies the next day.(2)(2)在一些在一些“be+“be+形容词形容词”的结构中也可用的结构中也可用thatthat引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,如如sure,sure,sorry,afraidsorry,afraid等。如等。如:I am sure(that)he has made a mistake.I am sure(that)h

10、e has made a mistake.第 1313 页尖兵专训营专训十如果有多个如果有多个thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句,第一个第一个thatthat可以省略可以省略,其余一般不省其余一般不省略。如略。如:The doctor told me(that)I should take more exercise and that The doctor told me(that)I should take more exercise and that I would get better soon.I would get better soon.在在 think,believe,s

11、uppose,expect think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词引导的宾语从句中等动词引导的宾语从句中,有有时谓语尽管是否定意义时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式却不用否定形式,而将而将thinkthink等动词变为否定形式。等动词变为否定形式。如如:I dont think he is wrong.I dont think he is wrong.第 1414 页尖兵专训营专训十2.2.由由 whether/if whether/if 引导引导常放在常放在know,ask,wonderknow,ask,wonder等动词后。两者在宾语从句中不作句子的任何等动词后

12、。两者在宾语从句中不作句子的任何成分成分,但有实际含义但有实际含义,表示表示“是否是否”,”,不可省略。两者通常可以互换。如不可省略。两者通常可以互换。如:He asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.He asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.以下情况以下情况whetherwhether和和ifif不可以互换不可以互换:从句作介词的宾语时只能用从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether,whether,不用不用ifif。如。如:Were talking about whether Jac

13、k will win the game.Were talking about whether Jack will win the game.第 1515 页尖兵专训营专训十引导词与动词不定式或引导词与动词不定式或or notor not连用时连用时,只能用只能用 whether whether。如。如:Do you know whether your father will come back for dinner or Do you know whether your father will come back for dinner or not?not?I dont know whethe

14、r to wait for another hour.I dont know whether to wait for another hour.whetherwhether引导的宾语从句可放在句首引导的宾语从句可放在句首,但但ifif不可以。如不可以。如:Whether he will come,I dont care.Whether he will come,I dont care.ifif作作“如果如果”讲时讲时,引导的是条件状语从句引导的是条件状语从句,不能用不能用whetherwhether。第 1616 页尖兵专训营专训十3.3.由特殊疑问词引导由特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问词在引导宾语从

15、句时分为连接代词特殊疑问词在引导宾语从句时分为连接代词 who,whom,what,which who,whom,what,which 和连接副词和连接副词 when,where,why,how when,where,why,how等。它们在句中既起连接作用等。它们在句中既起连接作用,又在句又在句中充当句子的成分中充当句子的成分,并且不可以省略。并且不可以省略。He asked me who the man was.He asked me who the man was.I want to know why he was late again.I want to know why he was

16、 late again.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以转换成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以转换成“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+不定式不定式”的结的结构。如构。如:I cant decide which university I can choose.I cant decide which university I can choose.I cant decide which university to choose.I cant decide which university to choose.第 1717 页尖兵专训营专训十(三三)宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态宾语从句中从句谓语动词的时态常受到主

17、句谓语动词的时态的宾语从句中从句谓语动词的时态常受到主句谓语动词的时态的影响。因此影响。因此,要注意保持主从句时态一致。要注意保持主从句时态一致。(1)(1)当主句是现在的某种时态当主句是现在的某种时态(一般现在时、现在进行时等一般现在时、现在进行时等)时时,从句可根据需要选择任何时态。从句可根据需要选择任何时态。I dont think(that)you are right.I dont think(that)you are right.Please tell me where well go fishing tomorrow.Please tell me where well go fis

18、hing tomorrow.第 1818 页尖兵专训营专训十(2)(2)当主句是过去的某种时态时当主句是过去的某种时态时,从句时态根据句意使用和过去相关的时从句时态根据句意使用和过去相关的时态。态。I wanted to know where he was going.I wanted to know where he was going.She said she had finished her work.She said she had finished her work.如果从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言等时如果从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言等时,即使主即

19、使主句是一般过去时句是一般过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如从句仍用一般现在时。如:Our teacher told us that it is better to do than to say.Our teacher told us that it is better to do than to say.第 1919 页尖兵专训营专训十(四四)宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。如宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。如:He wonders when will the meeting begin.(He wonders when will the meeting begin.

20、(错误错误)He wonders when the meeting will begin.(He wonders when the meeting will begin.(正确正确)当从句的原句是当从句的原句是“Whats wrong?/Whats the “Whats wrong?/Whats the matter?/Whats happening?”matter?/Whats happening?”等时等时,语序不变。如语序不变。如:Do you know whats the matter with him?Do you know whats the matter with him?第 2

21、020 页尖兵专训营专训十二、状语从句二、状语从句在句中作状语的句子是状语从句在句中作状语的句子是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句从属连词在句中不充当句子成分子成分,只起连接作用。状语从句放在句首时只起连接作用。状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号要用逗号,放在句放在句尾时不用。状语从句可以分为以下几类尾时不用。状语从句可以分为以下几类:(一一)时间状语从句时间状语从句可以用来引导时间状语从句的连词有可以用来引导时间状语从句的连词有when,as,till,until,when,as,ti

22、ll,until,before,after,as soon as,once,the moment,before,after,as soon as,once,the moment,immediately,the day,immediately,the day,等。等。第 2121 页尖兵专训营专训十when,whilewhen,while的用法区别的用法区别(1)when(1)when后既可加延续性动作也可加非延续性动作后既可加延续性动作也可加非延续性动作;while;while后只能加后只能加延续性动作。如延续性动作。如:While/When she was watching TV,her m

23、other arrived home.While/When she was watching TV,her mother arrived home.(2)while(2)while可以表示从句和主句的动作同时发生可以表示从句和主句的动作同时发生,而而whenwhen不行。如不行。如:While boys were singing,girls were dancing.While boys were singing,girls were dancing.第 2222 页尖兵专训营专训十(二二)原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导原因状语从句的从属连词有常用的引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 becau

24、se,as,since,because,as,since,for,for,等。等。1.because1.because用来回答用来回答whywhy提问的句子提问的句子,语气最强语气最强,一般放在主句之一般放在主句之后。后。2.since2.since表示既然或已知的理由以及稍加分析即可表明的原因表示既然或已知的理由以及稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放在句首。多放在句首。第 2323 页尖兵专训营专训十3.as3.as多用于口语多用于口语,语气较弱语气较弱,表示的理由是明显的或被认为是已知表示的理由是明显的或被认为是已知的的,是对主句的附带说明是对主句的附带说明,重点在主句重点在主句,可放在句首或句

25、尾。可放在句首或句尾。4.for4.for是并列连词是并列连词,它引导的分句不表示直接的原因它引导的分句不表示直接的原因,而是用来附带而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。解释或说明前面一句的情况。forfor引导的分句常位于第一分句之后引导的分句常位于第一分句之后,它它们之间用逗号隔开。如们之间用逗号隔开。如:He didnt go to school because he was ill.He didnt go to school because he was ill.Since you are here,you can do it by yourself.Since you are he

26、re,you can do it by yourself.We all like him as he is kind.We all like him as he is kind.There must be no one in the room,for the door is closed.There must be no one in the room,for the door is closed.第 2424 页尖兵专训营专训十(三三)条件状语从句条件状语从句常见的用来引导条件状语从句的连词有常见的用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if,unlessif,unless等。在条件等。在条件状语从句中

27、时态遵循状语从句中时态遵循“主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现”的原的原则。如则。如:If my parents are free tomorrow,they will take me to If my parents are free tomorrow,they will take me to the zoo.the zoo.You wont pass the test unless you practice hard.You wont pass the test unless you practice hard.If he arrives,please let me

28、know.If he arrives,please let me know.第 2525 页尖兵专训营专训十(四四)让步状语从句让步状语从句although/though,even though/if although/though,even though/if 都可以引导让步状语从都可以引导让步状语从句。句。although although与与thoughthough两者意思相同两者意思相同,一般可以互换一般可以互换,都可以与都可以与yet,stillyet,still连用连用,但不能和但不能和butbut连用。如连用。如:Though he is old,he is active.Tho

29、ugh he is old,he is active.第 2626 页尖兵专训营专训十(五五)目的状语从句目的状语从句常见的引导目的状语从句的连词有常见的引导目的状语从句的连词有in order thatin order that和和so that,so that,意思都是意思都是“以便以便;为了为了”;”;而且从句中需用情态动词。如而且从句中需用情态动词。如:The old man gets up early every day so that he can The old man gets up early every day so that he can take a walk in t

30、he park.take a walk in the park.第 2727 页尖兵专训营专训十(六六)结果状语从句结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so.that.so.that.和和such.that.such.that.。注意两者的。注意两者的区别区别:名前名前such,such,形、副形、副so,thatso,that从句跟在后从句跟在后;多多少少必用多多少少必用so,so,特别注意是特别注意是little;“little;“小小”用用such,“such,“少少”用用soso。如。如:She is such a lovely girl that ev

31、erybody likes her.She is such a lovely girl that everybody likes her.(七七)比较状语从句比较状语从句由连词由连词as.as,not so(as).asas.as,not so(as).as引导引导,表示表示“和和(不不)一样一样”。如。如:Her room isnt so clean as mine.Her room isnt so clean as mine.第 2828 页尖兵专训营专训十三、定语从句三、定语从句(一一)定语从句的概念定语从句的概念在复合句中在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰修饰某一名

32、词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。连接定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。主句和从句的词叫关系词。第 2929 页尖兵专训营专训十(二二)定语从句的结构定语从句的结构先行词先行词+关系词关系词(关系代词关系代词/关系副词关系副词)+)+从句剩余部分从句剩余部分第 3030 页尖兵专训营专训十(三三)定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。常见的引导定语从句的关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whos

33、ethat,which,who,whom,whose等等;关系副词包括关系副词包括where,when,whywhere,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。同时又作定语从句的重要成分。第 3131 页尖兵专训营专训十(四四)关系代词的用法关系代词的用法1.1.关系代词的作用关系代词的作用(1)(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句,连接主从句连接主从句(2)(2)代替先行词代替先行词(3)(3)在从句中担当一定的成分在从句中担当一定的成分2.2.关系代词的选择关系代词的选择定语从

34、句中关系代词的选择由先行词和关系代词在从句中担当的成分决定。定语从句中关系代词的选择由先行词和关系代词在从句中担当的成分决定。第 3232 页尖兵专训营专训十先行词先行词 主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语人人who,that who,that which,thatwhich,thatwhosewhose物物who(m),thatwho(m),thatwhich,thatwhich,that第 3333 页尖兵专训营专训十The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.(The girl who/that helped me yesterday is

35、a nurse.(代替代替the girl,the girl,作从句的主语作从句的主语,不可省略不可省略)The girl(who/whom/that)I helped yesterday is a nurse.(The girl(who/whom/that)I helped yesterday is a nurse.(代代替替the girl,the girl,作从句的宾语作从句的宾语,可省略可省略)Please pass me the book whose cover is red.(Please pass me the book whose cover is red.(作定语作定语,不可

36、省不可省略略)I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.(I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.(作定语作定语,不可省略不可省略)第 3434 页尖兵专训营专训十3.3.必须用必须用thatthat的情况的情况(1)(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时容词最高级时,只能用只能用thatthat。如。如:Helen is always the first student that arrives at school

37、.Helen is always the first student that arrives at school.(2)(2)被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anythingall,any,much,many,everything,anything等等不定代词时不定代词时,只能用只能用thatthat。如。如:Is there anything that I can do for you?Is there anything that I can do for you?第 3535 页尖兵专训营专训十(3)(3)先行词被先行词被 the

38、 only,the very,the same,little the only,the very,the same,little等词修饰时等词修饰时,只能用只能用thatthat。如。如:This is the only thing that was left to the son.This is the only thing that was left to the son.(4)(4)先行词里同时含有人或物时先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用只能用thatthat。如。如:The man and the dog that I met yesterday were hit by a car.T

39、he man and the dog that I met yesterday were hit by a car.(5)(5)以以whowho或或whichwhich引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复为避免重复,只能用只能用thatthat。如。如:Who is the boy that is standing under the tree?Who is the boy that is standing under the tree?第 3636 页尖兵专训营专训十注意注意:(1)(1)当定语从句中含有介词且放在句末时当定语从句中含有介词且放在句末时,充当宾语的关系代词充当宾语的关

40、系代词who,who,that,whichthat,which可省略可省略;但介词在关系代词前时但介词在关系代词前时,只能用只能用“介词介词+which/whom”+which/whom”结构。如结构。如:This is the factory in which my father works.This is the factory in which my father works.He is the man from whom I borrowed the bike.He is the man from whom I borrowed the bike.第 3737 页尖兵专训营专训十(2)

41、(2)在含有介词的固定动词词组中在含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位只能放在原来的位置上。如置上。如:This is the book which you are looking for.This is the book which you are looking for.(3)that(3)that作介词的宾语时作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中动只能放在从句中动词的后面。如词的后面。如:The house in that she lives is very big.(The house in that she live

42、s is very big.(错误错误)The house that she lives in is very big.(The house that she lives in is very big.(正确正确)第 3838 页尖兵专训营专训十(五五)关系副词的用法关系副词的用法在定语从句中在定语从句中,关系副词常作状语。关系副词常作状语。(1)when(1)when指时间指时间,其先行词表示时间其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。如在句中作时间状语。如:Do you know the time when he goes back home?Do you know the time when

43、 he goes back home?(2)where(2)where指地点指地点,其先行词表示地点其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。如在句中作地点状语。如:This is the place where they will travel.This is the place where they will travel.(3)why(3)why指原因指原因,其先行词是原因其先行词是原因,在句中作原因状语。如在句中作原因状语。如:Nobody knows the reason why he didnt come to school this morning.Nobody knows the r

44、eason why he didnt come to school this morning.第 3939 页尖兵专训营专训十(六六)定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致在定语从句中在定语从句中,如果关系代词在从句中作主语如果关系代词在从句中作主语,从句谓语动词在人称和数上要与从句谓语动词在人称和数上要与先行词保持一致。若先行词是可数名词单数或不可数名词先行词保持一致。若先行词是可数名词单数或不可数名词,从句谓语动词用单数从句谓语动词用单数;若若先行词是可数名词复数先行词是可数名词复数,从句谓语动词也要用复数形式。如从句谓语动词也要用复数形式。如:Eric is the only one

45、of the students who likes playing basketball in Eric is the only one of the students who likes playing basketball in our class.our class.There are many students who like playing basketball in our class.There are many students who like playing basketball in our class.第 4040 页尖兵专训营专训十语序判断法语序判断法考点考点1 1

46、宾语从句的运用宾语从句的运用一般来说一般来说,宾语从句中宾语从句中,从句的语序要用陈述句语序。从句的语序要用陈述句语序。第 4141 页尖兵专训营专训十(2019(2019安徽中考模拟安徽中考模拟)Do you know)Do you know?Yes,he flew there.Yes,he flew there.A.howA.how Tom went to New York Tom went to New YorkB.howB.how did Tom go to New York did Tom go to New YorkC.whyC.why Tom went to New York T

47、om went to New YorkD.whyD.why did Tom go to New York did Tom go to New York A A答案答案第 4242 页尖兵专训营专训十剖析剖析 句意句意:你知道你知道?是的。他乘飞机去是的。他乘飞机去那里。根据答语表示方式可知用那里。根据答语表示方式可知用how,how,排除排除C C、D;D;宾语从句用陈述宾语从句用陈述语序排除语序排除B B。剖析剖析第 4343 页尖兵专训营专训十(2019(2019瑶海区一模瑶海区一模)What did the bear tell you in)What did the bear tell

48、you in your ear?your ear?He told me He told me.A.whoA.who was my true friend was my true friendB.whoB.who my true friend was my true friend wasC.whoC.who is my true friend is my true friendD.whoD.who my true friend is my true friend is B B答案答案第 4444 页尖兵专训营专训十剖析剖析 句意句意:这只熊在你耳朵边告诉了你什么这只熊在你耳朵边告诉了你什么?他他

49、告诉我谁是我真正的朋友。宾语从句用陈述句语序告诉我谁是我真正的朋友。宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除排除A A、C;C;宾宾语从句的主句是一般过去时语从句的主句是一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。排除从句用相应的过去时态。排除D D。剖析剖析第 4545 页尖兵专训营专训十引导词判断法引导词判断法考点考点1 1宾语从句的运用宾语从句的运用 初中阶段对从句的考查除了时态问题初中阶段对从句的考查除了时态问题,还有引导词的选择还有引导词的选择,要要选出合适的引导词选出合适的引导词,要先弄清楚句意要先弄清楚句意,然后用代入法来判断。然后用代入法来判断。第 4646 页尖兵专训营专训十(2019(2019颍上

50、县中考模拟颍上县中考模拟)Do you know)Do you know it is it is from Hefei to Beijing?from Hefei to Beijing?About 1,100 kilometers.About 1,100 kilometers.A.howA.how far far B.howB.how long longC.howC.how many manyD.howD.how soon soon A A答案答案第 4747 页尖兵专训营专训十剖析剖析 句意句意:你知道从合肥到北京有多远吗你知道从合肥到北京有多远吗?大约大约1,1001,100千米。千米。h