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类型《综合教程》(第2版)第一册最新课件.ppt

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    1、综合教程(第2版)第一册最新PPT课件Gender=Sex?Sex marks the distinction betweenmen and women as a result of theirbiological,physicalandgeneticdifferences.Gender roles are set by conventionand other social,economic,political,and cultural forces.I ti snot?Gender Differences?Gender difference is a term used to refer t

    2、othat distinguish men and women.These includedifferences in hair styles,clothing,familyoccupational roles,acceptable behaviorlearned activities andtraits.All of these differencesto the non-biological notions of masculinitywhich vary from one culture to another.Men and women speak differently?Percept

    3、ually,female and male are saidvarieties of language:women are saidfeminine words,are more meticulous thanwords and sentences and in the use ofemploymarkedgrammaticalfeatures,grammatically hypercorrect.Phonologically:In many accents of Americanbeen found that womens vowels are morefront,more back,hig

    4、her,or lower than mensuGender BiasGender bias in Chineselanguage?妄、妥、妻、委、妾、耍、婆、娶、婪?爷、爸、爹、斧?妖、奴、奸、婪、妄、妒、嫉、婊、娼、妓好、妙、娆、妩、姣、婷Gender bias in Chinese?男女、夫妻、夫妇、子女、公婆、兄妹、父母、祖父母、伯父伯母、岳父岳母、夫唱妇随、男尊女卑、男男女女、男耕女织、男欢女爱、男婚女嫁爷们儿,妇人之见,女流之辈?先生,小姐/女士?市长,女市长,女强人贱内,糟糠,浑家,屋里的,烧火的?Gender bias in Chinese?黛玉芙蓉;宝钗牡丹;元春桃花探春杏花;

    5、惜春水仙;妙玉梅花巧姐梨花;凤姐玫瑰;可卿樱花红颜祸水?水性杨花?Have you found any gender bias in English language?Can you give some examples?Gender bias in English1.In English,man:M&FMan can conquer the nature meeting:womanchairmanThen:Madam chairman2.speaking or writing:gender unknown personshe?One&ones,repeated he!not she?Gend

    6、er bias in English?3.men and women,boys and girls,father and mother,husband and wife,Mr.and Mrs.,Sir and Madam,etc.Of course there are exceptions:ladies and gentlemen?4.governorgovernessa call boy Gender bias in English?the colour of sex discrimination;the equality of the sexesThen comes feminismAt

    7、the end of the 20thcentury,many gender-related terms were replaced by gender-neutral forms(e.g.,man and woman,server instead of waiter and waitress,chairinstead of chairman and chairwoman,instead of mailman)in a number of English speaking communitiesPossible explanationsuBiologymen are innately pred

    8、isposed to independence and vertical relationships and women to dependence and horizontal relationships.Dual culture model(apolitical)how societys work is divided between the two sexes.Dominance model(political)male dominance in society is a major contributing factor.?Global reading of the text?1.Wh

    9、at type of writing is the text?This text is an expositive essay withgenderbias inlanguage.2.Whats the main strategy to develop thisThetextismainly developedexemplification.Examples are abundantlyParagraphs 2-6.?Structural analysis3.Work out the structure of the textParagraph(s)1Main ideaThe writer r

    10、aises the issue to be discussed by introducing two different opinions.2-6The writer provides quite a number of typical examples to illustrate gender bias in language.Detailed reading-?1.2.What does the author think of language?Powerful,yet complicated.Which two opinions are presented in the first pa

    11、ragraph?“Is language the cause of the bias?”“Is language reflective of the preexisting bias that the user holds?What is your opinion?Understand&Interpret?1.How do you interpret the two opinions mentioned in the text?The languagewe use everydayis byandthe wayit is used is also biased.First of all,we

    12、have prejudicesourselves andthen we denoteit throughlanguage.2.Paraphrase?,that we must take into account thegenealogy.is it reflective of the preexisting bias thatThat is to say,the words that peopleconversation denote the bias that they harborown existence.?Language work1.bias:1)n.an opinion or fe

    13、eling that strongly favors one side in an argument or an item in a group or series;predisposition;prejudiceEx:This university has a bias towards the sciences.Students were evaluated without bias.2)vt.to unfairly influence attitudes,choices,or decisionsEx:Several factors could have biased the results

    14、 of the study.Language work?2.nuance:adj.slight,delicate or subtle difference in color,appearance,meaning,feeling,etc.Ex:Language teachers should be able to react to nuances of meaning of common words.He was aware of every nuance in her voice.Synonym:subtlety?Collocation:nuance ofLanguage work?3.gen

    15、ealogy:a diagram showing a particular persons ancestry;successive generations of kin;family tree Language work?4.reflective:adj.(of a person,mood,etc.)thoughtful;(of a surface)reflecting lightEx:She is in a reflective mood.These are reflective plates.?Derivation:reflect v.reflectiveness:n.Language w

    16、ork5.harbor:v.?to keep bad thoughts,fear and hopes in your mind for a long time?Ex:I think he is harboring some sort of grudge against me.?to contain sth esp.sth hidden and dangerousEx:Sinks can harbor germs.Detailed reading-?What is the point in regard to gender bias the author wants to make in Par

    17、a.2?Some words in English areinherently biasedwomen.The English language generally reflects supremacyand female subservience.Examples?Understand&Paraphrase?There are words in the English languagehave existed(and)that have inherently beenagainst women.The language is arranged so that menexalted posit

    18、ions,and women are identifiedoriented positions in which they are beinginstructed by men.So the language used to convey this type?Language work1.inherent:adj.existing as a natural or permanentquality?Ex:The problems you mentionaresystem.?勤劳俭朴是中华民族的本色。Industry and frugality are the inherent qualities

    19、nation.inherently:adv.2.identify:v.show or prove who sb.is or whatLanguage work?3.orient:v.direct sbs interest to sth;directdesign sth for sbEx:The teacher tried to orient his studentsthe science.These courses wereorientedto foreignWomentendto doservice-oriented4.insult:v.speak or act in a way thats

    20、omeones feeling or dignity?Detailed reading-?Can you find out the topic sentence in paragraph 3?This shows that the usage of manywordsis also whatcontributesto thethe Englishlanguage.Examples?1.What a man/woman is valued for?2.In word pairs,the usage shows the bias,that is masculine words usually go

    21、 before the feminine words.?Men from Mars,Women VenusDetailed reading-?What is put forward by the author by givingWomenare seen as passive whilemencanbringthingsintobeing.Examples?1.The bride will be given away from one man2.The woman becomes a bride while manman takes away a womans virginity andvir

    22、ginity.?Language work1.bring things into being:cause things to come into existence;create things?Ex:That outstanding scientist is good at bringing things into beings.Sth comes into being:come into existence;happen?Ex:It was a great time because computer came into e into play:be active or have an inf

    23、luenceEx:Personal feelings should not come into play when Language work?3.perpetuate:vt.make a situation,attitude,etc.,especially a bad one,continue to exist for a long timeEx:These measures will perpetuate the hostility between the two groups.Derivation:perpetuation:n.?Understand&Paraphrase?Thisden

    24、ote s herinability,apparentlydueholdontosomething that is a part ofher,man s ability andright toclaim somethingThis exampleindicate s that becausewoman is notable to keep or retaina naturalpartof her,therefore it strengthenability and right to request and declarethatdoes notbelongto her.?Language wo

    25、rk4.enforce:vt.1)make sth.such as a statement,an argument,a belief,etc.more forceful Ex:Have any statistics that would enforce your argument?2)make sth.such as law,rules,etc.effectiveEx:Governments make laws and the police enforce them.Collocations:Detailed reading-?Whats the main idea of this parag

    26、raph?Itstatesthe linguistic differencegreater positive connotationsconnectedmanthanwithbeinga woman.Examples?shrew:n.small mouse-like animal that feedsill-tempered scolding womanshrewd:adj.having or showing good judgmentsense“marked by clever discerning awareness”Little girls for being tomboy is OK,

    27、butdolls or riding girls bicycles is not acceptable.?Understand&Paraphrase?To be endowed by genetics with the encodingbe as having been shown grace,unmeritedParaphrase:To be predeterminedstructure to be a malewouldbe as havingGods kindnessandundeservedfavor.?Language work1.be endowed with sth:to nat

    28、urally have a good feature or quality?Ex:She was endowed with both good looks and brains.endow sb/sth with sth:make sb/sth have a particular quality?Ex:Herbs have been used for centuries to endow a whole range of foods with subtle flavors.2.merit:vt.be worthy of,deserveEx:I think the suggestion meri

    29、ts consideration.Language work3.vicious:adj.acting or done with evil intentions;spiteful?Ex:I was shocked by his vicious look.(of animals)savage and dangerous?Ex:Judging from the basic meaning of“shrew”,women may be regarded the same as viciously:adv.viciousness:n.Detailed reading-?Which sentences i

    30、n Paragraph 6 denote theThesentences that show thewriterstowards the use of impolitetermswomenare“but whyuse them whenmanymoreto choose from?”and“Iteffective weapon of destruction.”Detailed reading-?Vulgar or derogatory words are used in reference to or directed toward women.babe:n.(sl.)young woman?

    31、attractive a way of speaking to young womana woman,offensiveDetailed reading-?What kind of change has taken place in regardin language?What is the writers opinion in referencelanguage?The writerthinksit is necessary toadjustmentsinternallyto use appropriateeffectively includeboth genders,andourdecis

    32、ionof the properwordused.?Language work1.qualify:v.have the right to have or do sth?Ex:Hequalified forthe unemployment benefit,but he did not plan to apply for it.Membership of the club qualifies you for the access.Pass an examination or finish a course in order to do sth?Ex:He finally qualified as

    33、a pilot.Make the statement less general or extremeEx:I must qualify my last remarks in case they are Language work?2.be up to sb.:be required as a duty or obligation from sb.;be left to sb.to decideEx:It is up to us to help those in need.Its up to you whether you take the job or not.What do you pref

    34、er,an Indian meal or a Chinese meal?It is up to you.Key to ExercisesExercise-?I.?D?II.?T F F TTComprehensionExercise-Comprehension?1.2.3.IV.Language is an intricate system capabledifferences in meaning,emotion,attitudeThe words people choose to use in conversationshowprejudices they hold within them

    35、selves.Nilsen argues that,at the beginning of awhen the father is asked who gives theanswers,I do sexual prejudice shows itself.To be born a man,with the mark of male,Exercise-Vocabulary I.?1.consider/take into consideration?2.by its nature and by the way it is used.?3.mens superiority?4.the reason

    36、that leads to?5.begins to show itself?6.in connection withExercise-?1.bias?2.perpetuate?3.oriented?4.achievements?5.exalts?6.misinterpreted?7.In reference to?8.yielded9.tempersVocabulary II.Exercise-1.C2.D3.A4.B5.C6.A7.A8.BCVocabulary III.Exercise-Vocabulary IV.?Prejudice:refers to a dislike or even

    37、 hatredgroup,race,or religion,in a largely unexpressedunknown manner.Bias:points to a predisposition either for or?Where prejudice can indicate a fixed,inflexiblemight suggest only a tendancy to take a givenExercise-Vocabulary IV.?Request:suggests a courteous statementand it is frequentlyused as ade

    38、mandin order to hide the lattersClaim:suggests that a right is beinghas the right to something.?Exercise-Vocabulary IV.?Connect:is used of things that comesome point while clearly remainingalso suggest a contact that results inpower from a source to a receiver.?Attach:applies to the fastening on ofo

    39、f a lesser thing to a greater,or of somethingExercise-Vocabulary IV.?Example:may indicate something physicallyas a specimen,and more often it suggestssupplementarymaterial.It oftencitations given for clarity rather thanthesis;Instance:points to particular or concrete?Exercise-Vocabulary V.1.strong,m

    40、ighty,forceful2.understand,comprehend,interpret3.entertain,cherish,nurture4.include,embrace5.unbiased,just,balanced6.inferiority,subservience7.conventional,common,usual,habitual8.little,small,inconsiderable,insignificantExercise-Vocabulary VI.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.The aircraft can carry 480 people excluding

    41、staff.His poetry conveys a great sense of religiousThe judge decided that allowing the videotapewould be prejudicial to the outcome of theIt seems hes not solely to blame for the accident.The political disparity between the twoobvious.Attheceremonymanyspeakersexaltedcontribution to the movie industr

    42、y.In the last two to three years,drinkersExercise Grammar I.?1.There are people who use language that would beor biased n use.(who:subject;that:subject)2.But the question that is raised is in regard to languagethe cause of the bias or is it reflective of the preexistinghokds?(that:subject)3.There ar

    43、e those who believe that the language thatconversation is biased in and of itself.(who:subject;4.They feel that the term mailman,for example,women mail carriers.(that:subject)5.Then there are those who feel that languageprejudices that people have within themselves.(who:Exercise Grammar I.?8.For exa

    44、mple,the person who investigates complaints9.This is an example of the gender bias that exists(that:subject)10.and women are identified with more service-orientedwhich they are being dominated and instructedadverbial)11.there are instances when women are seen asactive and bring things into being.(wh

    45、en:adverbial)12.In the conversations that come up between friends,the words“babe,”“broad,”and“chick.”(that:subject)Exercise Grammar II.?1.that?2.who/whom/-?3.that/which?4.when/at which/-?5.in which/by which/where?6.whose?7.why/that?8.that/-9.whomExercise Grammar III.?1.The extra work she took on was

    46、 sarting to2.Adam,whose novel the TV series is basedthe first episode.3.The trees which/that were blown downare being cut down.4.Dorothy was able to switch between German,Russian,all of which she spoke fluently.5.The hurricane,which caused such damagenow headed out to sea.6.The house which/that is n

    47、ext to ours is7.Neil Smith,whose parents are both teachers,Exercise-Grammar IV.?1.hear,will suppose,no longer wish?2.will cover?3.are you going?4.are going to invite?5.will be attended to?6.am going to watchExercise-Translation?1.甚至在亲属关系上,家中的男人常被称为便只不过是个四岁的娃儿。2.在美国文化里,女人的价值在于她身体的魅力,而男人的价值在于他的体力和成就。?

    48、3.这说明:由于性别的原因,女人无法把握属于自己的一部分,却使得男人能够理所当然地获取并不属于他的东西。Exercise-Translation?1.I marvel at the poets ability to expressfeeling.2.For all excellent teachers and a favorablewhen your own efforts come into play canwell.3.As English majors,we need to have a keensubtle differences between word meanings.?Exercise-Translation?6.He believes that a person should be noble-minded,of always being money-oriented.7.The Middle East is generously endowed8.The school authorities are having a meetingthe construction of a new gymnasium.9.If he had not been to the third world in person,?

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