2021届全国新高考英语复习备考-定语从句及练习课件.pptx

1、20212021届全国新高考英语复习备考届全国新高考英语复习备考定语从句及其练习定语从句及其练习定语定语形容词形容词介词短语介词短语非谓语动词短非谓语动词短语语前置前置I have a good friend.后置后置I want to do something interesting.后置后置The boy in white is my friend.后置后置I dont have a house to live in.修饰名词或修饰名词或代词的成分代词的成分常译为常译为“的的”句子句子后置后置I like students who like English.什么是定语？什么又是定语从句呢？

2、什么是定语？什么又是定语从句呢？1.在复合句中作定语定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。2.被修饰的名词或代词即先行词先行词。3.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。4.关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。课前检测课前检测 下面属于定语从句的是（下面属于定语从句的是（）A.Martin is friendly to others,which makes him popular among his classmates.B.My parents will do whatever they can

3、to make me have a better future.C.What happened last night is still unknown.D.The boss tried to make a relaxing atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work.AD 定语从句关系词经典例题定语从句关系词经典例题1.(2016年全国卷1)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s,_ I was the first West

4、ern TV reporter.考查非限制性定语从句，不缺主宾，先行词为时间考查非限制性定语从句，不缺主宾，先行词为时间2.(2016全国)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC,influenced the development of chopsticks.考查非限制性定语从句，缺主语，先行词为人考查非限制性定语从句，缺主语，先行词为人whenwho 定语从句关系词经典例题定语从句关系词经典例题3.(2014重庆)Well reach the s

5、ales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.考查限制性定语从句，缺宾语，先行词为物考查限制性定语从句，缺宾语，先行词为物4.(2015浙江)Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.考查限制性定语从句，不缺宾语，先行词为抽象地点考查限制性定语从句，不缺宾语，先行词为抽象地点that/whichwhere某些抽象地点名词如某些抽象地点名词如：point,stage,situation,case,condition

6、,atomosphere等做先行词时，定语等做先行词时，定语从从句缺状语用句缺状语用where 引导，引导，表示抽象化表示抽象化的的地点地点,“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”定语从句关系词经典例题定语从句关系词经典例题5.(2015湖南)It is a truly delightful place,_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.考查非限制性定语从句，缺主语，先行词为物考查非限制性定语从句，缺主语，先行词为物6

7、.The reason _ he didnt tell us is that he had to look after his baby sister yesterday.考查限制性定语从句，缺宾语，先行词为考查限制性定语从句，缺宾语，先行词为reasonwhichthat/which定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词（一）（一）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。指人，

8、在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.4.that 指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who 或或whom;指物时，相当于指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省

9、略。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?The season that/which comes after spring is summer.5.whose 通常指某人的，也可指某物的通常指某人的，也可指某物的(只用作定语只用作定语,若指若指物，它还可以同物，它还可以同of which互换）。互换）。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.Please pass me the book whose(或of which)cover is green.6.as.关系代词关系代词as

10、既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，语从句，as在句中做主语、宾语或表语。在句中做主语、宾语或表语。先行词前有先行词前有as，so，such，the same等修饰时，等修饰时，as在从在从句中做主语或宾语的，关系代词用句中做主语或宾语的，关系代词用as.Tom is not such an intelligent person as you think.I want the same shirt as my friend bought yesterday.（二）（二）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系

11、代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。The school(which/that可省略)he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine(which/that可省略)you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.注意：注意

12、：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：短语动词的后面。如：look for,look after,take care of.This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用，不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked

13、just now is my neighbour.小结：小结：1.介词后面是宾语，只能用宾格形式介词后面是宾语，只能用宾格形式2.介词后不用介词后不用that引导词引导词（三）（三）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作在定语从句中作时间状语时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.注意：where引导定语从句时，是表示地点或者抽象意义“在方面”，

14、本身在从句部分充当地点状语。注意：有些时候一些词会很抽象的用作地点，比如，case，stage，position，state，activity,business,occasion,situation,point等,但也要视情况而定。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live.3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.定语

15、从句的注意事项定语从句的注意事项that与与which 定语从句关系词定语从句关系词 总结总结只用只用that的情况？的情况？例句：例句：1.Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?2.The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3.This is the best way that has been used against pollution;4.What is the first American film that you have seen?5.

16、Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?总结总结先行词指事物只用先行词指事物只用which引导的情况？引导的情况？例句：例句：1.Wuhan is a big city,which has more than 10 million people.2.This is the school in which I once studied.一一.定语从句中只能用定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况引导的情况1.当先行词是当先行词是everything,anything,nothing，something,all,n

17、one,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词等不定代词时，或当先行词被被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词等代词修饰或限修饰或限制制时。时。如：All that can be done has been done.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they vis

18、ited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.4.当先行词被当先行词被the very,the only，the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。如：After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns.He is the only person that I want to talk with.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用

19、关系代词注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.5.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时用等疑问代词时用that，以避，以避免重复。免重复。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?6.当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at scho

20、ol.二二.定语从句中只能用定语从句中只能用which 引导的情况引导的情况1.关系代词前有介词时且指事物时关系代词前有介词时且指事物时Im looking for a box in which I can put all these apples.2.先行词本身就是先行词本身就是that时时We dont like that which he did.3.非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中Eating fruit and vegetables is good for our health,which is known to us.4.先行词后面有插入语时Here is the Englis

21、h grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help you improve your English.三三.定语从句中，谓语动词的单复数定语从句中，谓语动词的单复数1.在在“one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的的结构中，定语从句的先行词通常是这个先行词通常是这个“复数名词复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。形式。This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.He was one of the boys who were p

22、raised.2.在在“one+定语从句定语从句”的结构中，若的结构中，若“one”前加前加“this,the,the only”等时，定语从句的关系词指代等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。主语时，接单数谓语。He was the only one of the boys who was praised.定语从句难点定语从句难点介词介词+关系代词引导定语从句关系代词引导定语从句(1)Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?(2)He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing

23、ten windows,most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(3)In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.地点介词地点介词in/at/on.+which =Where时间介词时间介词in/on/during+which=when原因介词原因介词for+which=why1.Many young people,most of _ were welleducated，headed for remote regio

24、ns to chase their dreams.2.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.3.He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.4.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.whichwhichwh

25、ichwhomAs引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.As is known to all,Beijing is the capital of China.2.Your request,as I mentioned above,will be discussed in the next meeting.3.I have never heard such stories as he tells.4.She is just the same person as she used to be.含义含义搭配搭配从句位置从句位置正如正如The sameasSuchas主句前主句前主句中主句中主句后主句后1.

26、The number of smokers,_ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.2.You should show the same respect to my wife _ you showed to me yesterday.asasWay作先行词作先行词 way 作主语或宾语作主语或宾语1.I cant understand the way that/which/省略省略 our math teacher teaches us.2.Our English teacher teaches us a good wa

27、y that/which is very helpful to learn English.Way 作状语作状语 This is the way that/in which/省略省略 we solve the problem.way 做先行词1.The reason _ he didnt tell us is that he had to look after his baby sister yesterday.2.Do you know the reason he was late?that/whichwhyWhose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.This is the scientist

28、 whose achievement are well known.2.Id like to book a room whose windows face towards the sea.3.Fortunately,Doc.John agreed to help us to solve the problem,without whose help we cant make it.Whose 某人或某个东西的，充当定语（所属关系）某人或某个东西的，充当定语（所属关系）EXERCISEEXERCISE1.Simon is a comedian and actor _has 10 years exp

29、erience of teaching comedy.2.Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images,most of _ have never before been published.3.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.4.I prefer to work in black and white,_ allows m

30、e to show different specific worlds more clearly.whowhichwhosewhich5.The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.6.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent.7.The book has helped me greatly in my daily com

31、munication，especially at work _ a good impression is a must.8.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.EXERCISEEXERCISEthat/whichwhenwherewhere9.Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，_ is quite unexpected.10.He worked in

32、a car factory for four years，after _ he founded his own company in his hometown.11.Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb.28，_emperors once lived.12.The lazy boy is expecting a way in _ he can get through the exams without hard work.EXERCISEEXERCISEwhichwhichwherewhich定定语语从从句句的的引引导

33、导词词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whom(宾语宾语)，Which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)人和人和物物that（主语，宾语，表语）（主语，宾语，表语）whose（定语）（定语）as（主宾表）（主宾表）Summary语法填空练习1.People take physical exercise live longer.2.His daughter,is in Boston now,is coming home next week.3.The work has just

34、 been finished is very important.4.The book,I bought yesterday,is very instructive.5.I know a foreigner is from Japan.6.This is the pen I wrote the letter with.who who whichwhichwho which7.She is the girl lives next door.8.The people we met in France have sent us a card.9.I happened to meet the prof

35、essor I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.10.This is the scientist achievements are well-known.11.This is the house window broke last night.whowhowhomwhosewhose12.I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.13.Can you tell me the office he works?14.Do you know the reason h

36、e was late?15.They have reached the point they have to separate from each other.16.We have found such materials are used in their factory.whenwhere whywhereas17.These houses are sold at such a low price people expected.18.He is not the same man he was.19.everybody knows,Shakespeare is a famous write

37、r.20.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person,to she could turn for help.21.Here are the questions,some of I think are difficult for you.as as As whomwhich22.I bought a great many books,on I spent all my money that I saved.23.Ill never forget the time during I spent my childhood in the country

38、.24.She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of had taken more than three years.25.The colorless gas without we cannot live is called oxygen.whichwhichwhichwhich26.Do you still remember the days we spent in Qingdao?27.Do you still remember the days we spent the summer holidays in Q

39、ingdao?28.Do you have anything you want to say for yourself?29.The only thing we can do is(to)give you some money.30.This is the best way has been used against pollution.(that/which)when thatthatthat31.This train is the first(one)will go to Suzhou.32.Do you know the things and persons they are talki

40、ng about?33.He passed the exam,made his parents very happy.34.This is the house in Lu Xun once lived.35.Here is the English grammar book ,as Ive told you,will help you improve your English.36.Whats that flashed through the sky just now?thatthatwhichwhichwhichwhich1.There are many reasons people want

41、 to engage in voluntourism.2.Students should involve themselves in community activitiesthey can gain experience for growth.3.The exact yearAngela and her family spent together in China was 2008.4.I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.5.Please send

42、 us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.6.A companyprofits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.whywherewhich/thatwhenthatwhose7.Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.8.The book has helped me greatly in my d

43、aily communication,especially at worka good impression is a must.9.I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.10.No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster,helped me out simply by list

44、ening and hugging.which/thatwherewhenwho11.In the past few years,more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down,is the result of the competition with online bookstores.12.In 1984,Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis,was thirty-five years old then,graduated with honors and realized her dream.13.He said,“.

45、I added a small moustache,would add age without hiding my expression.”14.Our office wasnt far from Chinatown,I found some very good Chinese restaurants.15.As more and more people own private cars,parking has become a big headache for many car owners,especially for those live in downtown areas withou

46、t enough parking spaces.whichwhowhichwherewho写作练习1.You are particularly welcome to show up on stage,(这一定会给我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣).2.The participants will be seated in the playground at 8 a.m.next Saturday,(那时将会举行开幕式).3.Bear in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed

47、time,(这对表现你的礼貌意义重大).which will definitely add color and fun to our festivalwhen the opening ceremony will be conductedwhich is of great significance to show your politeness4.A wide range of sports events are able to be held,(其中乒乓球和足球非常受欢迎).5.I am writing to inform you of our course schedule of our n

48、ext class,(它与唐诗有关).6.Team members need to receive training after school every day and are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions,(这对我们益处最大).of which ping-pong and football enjoy great popularitywhich is about Tang poetrywhich benefits us most7.There are many reasons (为什么我最喜欢春

49、天),the most romantic one of which is that it is comfortable for me to walk in the rain in spring.8.我是李华,一个正在伦敦学习的中国学生。9.在那之后,你可以去上海,在那里你可以待一个星期。10.众所周知,音乐可以影响我们的情绪、思想和行为。why I like spring bestI am Li Hua,a student from China who is studying in London now.After that,you can go to Shanghai,where you c

50、an stay for a week.As is known to us all,music can influence our emotions,thoughts and behaviors.Hi!Tom,Nice to read your e-mail today.I notice youve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.However,Im afraid there is 1 (一个我想指出来的错误).It is the idiom“无所不为”2(它的意思是“做各种各样的坏事”).Are you