译林英语必修四Unit1 Grammar and Usage课件.pptx（纯ppt,不包含音视频素材）

1、Look at the following sentences:Tom:What are you going to do this summer holiday?Amy:I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents.Now try to answer:What did Amy say?Amy said that she was going to travel to Beijing with her parents.Grammar and UsageDirect speech and reported speech直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接

2、引语直接引语：直接引语：一字不变，一字不漏地直接引用别人一字不变，一字不漏地直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，直接引语前后加引号的话叫直接引语，直接引语前后加引号。间接引语：间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。转述的是同样的意思，但转述后改变。转述的是同样的意思，但转述后改变了特定的单词或词组，不再是原模原样了特定的单词或词组，不再是原模原样的句子。间接引语不必加引号；间接引的句子。间接引语不必加引号；间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。She said,“My brothers name is Tom.”He asked me wh

3、ere I lived.He asked me,“Where do you live?”She said that her brothers name was Tom.直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引语or间接引语间接引语?直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语和间接引语的转换等方面做相应的等方面做相应的 转换。转换。如何把如何把直接引语直接引语变为变为间接引语间接引语？1.进行进行句式上句式上的的转换转换(课本课本8页第页第2点）点）1）用）用转述别人所说的话转述别人所说的话。（常用）。（常用）2）用）用转述别人所说的话。转述别人所说的话。2.人称代词

4、、人称代词、时态、时态、时间、时间、地点地点、指示代词、指示代词、方向性动词方向性动词1.人称变化(一般遵循这句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”)1).“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：.They said,“We will go there by bus.”They said would go there by bus.She said“My sister wants to go with me.”She said(that)sister wanted to go with her.theyh

5、er1.She said,“Im hungry.”She said that was hungry.2.Tom said to them,I will get excited.Tom told them that would get excited.shehe2).“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：.She said to me,“Are you interested in science?”She asked me if was interested in scie

6、nce.I.He said to Kate,How is your sister now?He asked Kate how sister was then.She said,“Your pronunciation is better than his.”如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。She told me that pronunciation was better than his.hermy3).“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：.His mother said to me,“He cant go

7、 to school.”His mother told me that couldnt go to school.Mr Smith said,Jacks brother is a good worker.Mr Smith said was a good worker.heJacks brother 1.主句中谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时时，则间接引语的时态和直接引语的时态一样，不做改变。He says“i have finished my homework”.He says that she has finished his homework.2.时态变化2.主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，则间

8、接引语的时态一般做相应变化。时态的变化时态的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般一般现在现在时时 一般一般过去过去时时He said，“Im afraid I cant finish the work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.现在现在进行时进行时-过去过去进行时进行时He said，“Im using the knife.”He said that he was using the knife.一般一般将来时将来时-过去过去将来时将来时She said，“Ill do it after class.”Sh

9、e said that she would do it after class.现在现在完成时完成时-过去过去完成时完成时She said，“Ive not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去一般过去时时-过去完成过去完成时时He said，“I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时过去完成时 不变不变He said，“I had finished my homework before

10、supper.”He said that he had finished the homework before supper.am/is/are-was/were V原原-V-ed am/is/are+V-ingWas/were+V-ingwill wouldhave done had doneV-ed had donehad done He said,“Im a policeman.”He said that he a policeman.He said,“Im playing football now.”He said that he playing football then.He s

11、aid,“I have done my homework.”He said that he done his homework.waswashad练一练练一练 He said,“I saw a film yesterday.”He said that he a film the day before.He said,“I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last term.He said that he 3,000 English words by the end of the term before.had seenhad lear

12、ned1.如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间 接引语时，时态不变。接引语时，时态不变。e.g.Light travels much faster than sound,she said to me yesterday.She told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound.例外：例外：2.如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的 时间状语，在变为间接引语时，一时间状语，在变为间接引语时，一 般过去时不必变为过去完成时。般过去时不必变为过去完成时。e.g.He said

13、,The great inventor was born in 1884.He told me that the great inventor was born in 1884.Practice:Change the following sentences into reported speech.1 I havent brought my dictionary,the student said.2 Tom said to them,I will get excited.3 My father said to me,I am reading the book.The student said

14、that he hadnt brought his dictionary.Tom told them that he would get excited.My father told me that he was reading the book.Direct speechReported speechnowthentodaythat day/yesterday/on Wednesday,etc.tonightthat nighttomorrowthe next day/the following day/on Thursdayyesterdaythe day before/the previ

15、ous day/on Tuesday,etcnext monththe month after/the following month/in July,etca week agoa week before/a week earlier,etc.next weekthe next week3.时间状语的变化4.地点状语的变化地点状语地点状语herethere练习：练习：（时间状语和地点状语的改变）（时间状语和地点状语的改变）e.g.Tom said,I am working here today.Tom said he was working there that day.直接引语直接引语间接引

16、语间接引语指示代指示代词词thisthesethatthose5.指示代词动词动词comego6.方向性动词的变化Read the advertisement and complete the letter on page 9.Answers:1._ 2._ 3._4._ 5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._waswould behad readthatwouldhad thoughtthatwouldthoseher各种句型的变化各种句型的变化陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句1 当直接引语是陈述句：由当直接引语是陈述句：由(that)引导

17、。引导。主语主语+(said)+that+句子句子(时态往过去推时态往过去推)told sb.The teacher said,My students are hard-working.The teacher said that his/her students were hardworking.She said to him,“Its time to go home.”She told him that it was time to go home.除了除了 say 和和 tell外，还有其它的主句外，还有其它的主句引述词引述词:advise explain insist promisean

18、nounce suggest warnPSAs are often placed for free,the writer said.The writer explained that PSAs are often placed for free.2.直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序陈述句语序。1）一般疑问句。用一般疑问句。用whether或或if(是否）是否）引导引导。主句中的动词是主句中的动词是said时改为时改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语me/hi

19、m/her。Eg.He said,“Are you a student?”He asked me whether/if I was a student.陈述语序疑问语序疑问语序如何把一般疑问句的疑问语序变成陈述语序？如何把一般疑问句的疑问语序变成陈述语序？（助动词（助动词do/does/did要去掉）要去掉）（be/can/may/must/will/should放主语后放主语后）He said，“are you interested in English？”He asked me whether/if I was interested in English.She asked her mot

20、her,“Can I go shopping with you?”She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her.She asked me,Are you the happiest person in your family?She asked me whether/if I was the happiest person in my family.He asked me,“Will you have a test on Thursday?”He asked me if/whether I would have a

21、test on Thursday.e.g.Matt asked Ann,Does Jason deserve the award?Matt asked Ann whether/if Jason deserved the award.2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用仍用原来的疑问词引导原来的疑问词引导.要把要把疑问句语序改为陈述句疑问句语序改为陈述句语序语序。Eg.“Where are you going?”Father asked his son.Eg.The policeman asked the small boy,“Where do you

22、 live?”The policeman asked the small boy where he lived.Father asked his son where he was going疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序e.g.She asked me,When will the advertisements be on air?She asked me when the advertisements would be on air.“How much money do you spend on books?”he asked me.He asked me h

23、ow much money I spent on books.“What is your uncle?”he asked me.He asked me what my uncle was.e.g.Where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad?Bill asked.Bill asked where I had found the advertisements for jobs abroad.3.转述祈使句时，我们使用转述祈使句时，我们使用 tell ask order advise suggest等等)sb(not)to do sth

24、.”句型句型。Eg.Dont worry,Peter,Tom said.Tom asked Peter not to worry.verb(not)sb.to do sth例如例如:1.The teacher said to the students,“Stop talking.”The teacher asked the students to stop talking.2.The teacher said to us,“Dont play in class.”The teacher told/asked us not to play in class.Go and see a doctor

25、 after class,my teacher said to me.My teacher advised me to go and see a doctor after class.e.g.The candidate said to the manager,Please give me five minutes for preparation.The candidate asked the manager to give him five minutes for preparation.The policeman said to the children,“Dont play footbal

26、l in the street.”The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.My mother said to me,“Please come and help me.”My mother asked me to go and help her.There are other verbs that can be used in this structure to report imperative sentences:advise encourage invite recommend warne.g.D

27、ont believe every advertisement you read,Michelle said to me.Michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement I read.Answers:2.Wang Qin _ _.3.Lu Kai _ _.asked how it could help him remember English words.asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking Key to Exercise A4.Liu Fang _ _.5.Gu Jin

28、 _.asked what the designer woulddo if she was not satisfied with the softwareasked whether/if it was easy to useAnswers:2.The expert encourages us to _.3.The expert recommends that _.use interesting and attractive photoswe(should)use eye-catching logosKey to Exercise B4.The expert suggests that _ _.

29、5.The expert tells us to _ _.we(should)makethe slogans short and easy to remembermake good use of colours to attract peoples attention把下列句子改为间接引语把下列句子改为间接引语1.“I dont think I will be able to finish it in time,”Mike said.2.“Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen,”he told his friend.Mike said that

30、 he didnt think he would be able to finish it in time.He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever seen.3.The doctor said,“The man has hurt his leg rather badly.”The doctor said that the man had hurt his leg rather badly.4.My mother said,“Have your rotten tooth been pulled ou

31、t?”My mother asked if my rotten tooth had been pulled out.5.“How will you go to the park?”Brown said to his younger brother.Brown asked his younger brother how he would go to the park.1.Mother said to her little daughter,The earth is not flat but round.Mother told her little daughter(that)the earth

32、is not flat but round.把下列句子改为直接引语把下列句子改为直接引语2.He asked,How are you getting along with your studies these days,Mary and Jane?He asked Mary and Jane how they were getting along with their studies those days.3.“Alice,you feed the baby,”Mother said.Mother asked Alice to feed the baby.4.“Lets have a rest

33、,”our teacher said.Our teacher suggested(that)we have a rest.5.“Dont make this kind of foolish mistake again,”she said to me.She told/warned me not to make that kind of foolish mistake again.6.He asked why people went to hamburger restaurants.7.The student told his head teacher that he would go to t

34、he Great Wall the next day.He asked,“Why do people go to hamburger restaurants?”The student said to his head teacher,“Ill go to the Great Wall tomorrow.”8.I asked her if she enjoyed the movie she had seen.9.Mr.Wang asked how he could improve his spoken English.10.She asked me what I had eaten the da

35、y before.I said to her,“Do you enjoy the movie you saw?”Mr.Wang said,“How can I improve my spoken English?”She said to me,“What did you eat yesterday?”选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.My classmate asked me _.A.had I seen the film three days ago B.had I seen the film three days beforeC.if I had seen t

36、he film three days ago D.whether I had seen the film three days before2.He asked me _ with me.A.what the matter is B.what the matter was C.what is the matter D.what was the matter3.My friend really didnt know _ to help the dying boy.A.what he could do B.how could he doC.whether he can do D.what can he did4.Shelly asked Andy _ water the flowers while she was away.A.didnt forget to B.dont forget toC.not to forget to D.not forget to5.She exclaimed(惊呼惊呼)_.A.what a difficult task it wasB.what it was a difficult task C.what difficult task it wasD.what task it was difficult