适合全国中考综合填空题满分技巧(考前一周急训)课件.ppt

1、适合全国中考综合填空题满分技巧适合全国中考综合填空题满分技巧（考前一周急训）（考前一周急训）小魔方站资料库超级资源小魔方站资料库超级资源解题的步骤结合字母、结合字母、综合考虑、综合考虑、初定答案初定答案复读全文、复读全文、逐空验证、逐空验证、弥补疏漏弥补疏漏跳过空格、跳过空格、通读全文、通读全文、把握大意把握大意瞻前顾后、瞻前顾后、先易后难、先易后难、各个击破各个击破通读通读分析分析填词填词检查检查解题四大技巧解题四大技巧通读全文，通读全文，了解大意了解大意技巧一技巧二技巧三技巧四反复推敲多分析，反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理慎重答题讲合理认真复查全文，认真复查全文，把握整体和词性把握整体和词

2、性复读短文抓信息，复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词前后照应巧猜词1.通读全文，了解大意 每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。心思想和大意。2.复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，

3、这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，有时出现约 3%5%的生词是很正常的。3.反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。4.认真复查全文，把握整体和词性认真复查全文，把握整体和词性 做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。从实际中看，问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。

4、比如填q，要求填写 quickly，而多数考生只知道填写 quick，忽略了词性问题。因此，深思熟虑很重要。1.I like neither winter nor summer in a year.2.We hear with our ears.3.A stamp is used for sending letters.4.The village is too small.You cant find it on the map.5.Yesterday he bought a dictionary.It cost him 50 yuan.6.Your trousers are dirty.You

5、 must wash them.哪两题比较容易出错呢？第二题要注意单复数，第五题要注意时态，用过去时而不是三单请说出你的判断依据请说出你的判断依据请说出哪几题要特别注意检查？检查什么？请说出哪几题要特别注意检查？检查什么？7.Saturday comes before Sunday.8.Changsha is the capital of Hunan Province.9.September is the ninth month of the year.10.I have nothing to do today.Im free.11.People use a lift to go up and

6、 down in the tall building.12.May I use your ruler，please？I want to draw a line.13.There is a clock on the wall.It tells 9：30 now.14.In Wuhan its very hot in summer，and very cold in winter.15.I could look after myself well when I was ten.16.We usually have three meals a day.17.Its very cold.Please c

7、lose the door.18.We often water the young trees in summer.19.People use money to buy all kinds of things.20.Most people write with their right hands.（对比法）（对比法）（逻辑判断）（逻辑判断）（生活常识）（生活常识）（因果关系）（因果关系）（词性判断）（词性判断）（生活常识）（生活常识）（生活常识）（生活常识）名词名词考虑其单复数形式考虑其单复数形式动词动词考虑其时态、语态及搭配考虑其时态、语态及搭配形容词形容词考虑要不要用比较级或最考虑要不要用

8、比较级或最高级，是否需要变成副词高级，是否需要变成副词（快速）通读全文，检查拼写错误。（快速）通读全文，检查拼写错误。通过上下文联系（瞻前顾后）通过上下文联系（瞻前顾后）I was making a trip from Paris to London.At a small town near London，I stopped to do some s_.As l was going into a very crowded shop.I saw afew young people talk in about something they had just b_.本段主要讲作者在伦敦的一个小镇的经

9、历。在第一空格上，由下文a very crowded shop这个词组可以推断应填shopping，这样就很容易判断第二空格内应填bought了。hoppingoughtountriesThis is a special class,The students come from different c_.Some come from America,others come from Canada,Japan,Australia and England.Their parents are w_ in Wuhan.解析：这是一个特殊的班级，学生们来字不同的国家。根据下文的美国，加拿大，日本等即可判

10、断出是countries（要注意复数形式）。第二空通过be动词可以判断出是现在进行时，只能填workingorkingl I have a very useful dictionary.It has a lot of w_.It give many meanings for each word.But I always read the f_ meaning of a word in the dictionary.I never read the other meanings,because I want to read my book q_l 解析：看见字典一词第一反应就是查单词，所以第一空

11、填words（注意复数形式）。通过many meanings及 the other meanings 判断出第二空填first.最后通过作者查字典的习惯推断出quickly（注意必须是副词形式）In March,1982,there was a t_ drought(干旱)in Australia.The summer rain didnt fall and the grass didnt g_.The farmers had to sell all their sheep.Many sheep d_ of hunger.从drought可以判断出应该填形容词，后文谈到不下雨，草不生长，所以应

12、该填terrible.不下雨，因此草也不会生长，第二空填grow.草无法生长，羊儿也死于饥饿。注意时态，是过去时died.l Many peole want to know about the UFO.Do you b 1 there are UFOs in the world?Some people do.They say they have seen it with their own eyes.James Green is one of them.He had a very unusual e 2 on October 2,2012.“Its too strange!”he says.T

13、hat day,he r 3 his bike to the countryside.He wanted to play with some friends.They all arrived there on time.Then they began to play games.U 4 for James,he didnt feel well after some time.S 5 he went back home alone .On the way,he passed by a factory.He saw two white lights shining b 6 over the chi

14、mney of the factory.He felt s 7 because he never saw such things before.So he got off his bike.He went up for a closer l 8 .He could see a twenty-foot-long cigar shaped object.Each end had a white light,and it moved over the chimney.After a while it made a light sound and t 9 off its lights.So he co

15、uldnt see it.That night,a woman reported the UFO to the police.And the police station received many c 10 .However,they couldnt say the names of the callers.1.believe 2.experience 3.rode 4.unluckily5.So 6.brightly 7.surprised 8.look 9.turned 10.calls名词名词考虑其单复数形式考虑其单复数形式动词动词考虑其时态、语态及搭配考虑其时态、语态及搭配形容词形容

16、词考虑要不要用比较级或最考虑要不要用比较级或最高级，是否需要变成副词高级，是否需要变成副词（快速）通读全文，检查拼写错误。（快速）通读全文，检查拼写错误。开胃小菜开胃小菜Many famous people f_ lots of times before they succeeded.1.确定词性2.找出判断依据3.注意时态动词动词填填succeeded的反义词的反义词succeeded是过去式，是过去式，fail也应该是也应该是failed真相只有一个：真相只有一个：你不会判断词性！你不会判断词性！首字母填空题考查的是语篇理解过程中的分析判断，句子成分与词性的对应关系，语法结构，词义辨析等全

17、方位的综合能力。所以准确判断词性是做好首填题的一大必备技能。1动词（动词（Verbs）2名词（名词（Nouns）3形容词（形容词（Adjectives)4副词（副词（Adverbs)7介词（介词（Prepositions）9 冠词（冠词（Articles）8数词（数词（Numerals）5代词（代词（Pronouns)10感叹词（感叹词（Interjections）6连词（连词（Conjunctions)实词实词（实义词）（实义词）表示完整意的表示完整意的词汇意义词汇意义动词v名词n形容词 adj副词adv动作或状态人或事物的名称人或事物的特征，修饰名词动作的状态或特征，修饰动、形、副、全句

18、虚词虚词（功能词）（功能词）没有完整的词没有完整的词汇意义，只表汇意义，只表示语法意义示语法意义助动aux代pron.连词conj.介词prep.冠词art.Do,can,many,must,will等，置于主动词之前代替名词、数词、形容词 连接单词、词组、分句的逻辑词 用在名词性成分（名词、代词）之前 在名词之前，限定所指范围 数词num.表示数目（基数词）或顺序（序数词）感叹词int.oh，hello，hi，yeah等（注：数词与感叹词介于实义词与功能词两者之间）（注：数词与感叹词介于实义词与功能词两者之间）词性判断词性判断The doctor looked him over and to

19、ld him not to e_ meat and sugar.1.去除枝干（包括not）2.词组搭配：tell sb to do3.通过meat and sugar来确定词性 有有the就填最高级就填最高级Tea is the o_ drink in the world.It has 5000 years of history in China.1.判断词性2.找出判断依据，确定单词3.注意词形形容词形容词In the USA，headmasters and teachers discipline(惩罚)students in many ways.The teacher often w_ t

20、o or calls the students parents.1.去除枝干The teacher w_ to the parents.2.确定词性动词3.找出同义词(解题关键词)4.结束了吗？说说你的答案！Years ago,mobile phones were rather e_.Only important people and people w_ a lot of money had them.1.注意感情色彩，找出关键词only2.把important people理解为有权人，后面就是有钱人。有：there be（短语），have/has（动词），with（介词）These day

21、s,the prices have been greatly reduced,and mobile phones come in small size and d_ colors.So more and more people,e_ school students,have them in their hands.1.理解题意，手机价格降低，颜色多彩化2.注意感情色彩。主谓宾齐全，非介即副。甚至是高频考点：副词高频考点：副词如何确定填副词，首先要清楚副词的位置，它的位置一般在：1）动词，形容词，地点、时间状语前，起强调作用 2）动词后修饰，进一步说明 3）句前句后表示时间，地点 常考的副词有：

22、表强调的副词only，even，especially，still，also，always，almost，already；表否定的 hardly，never，seldom，rarely等；句中用逗号隔开的however，句后的again，together，altogether，instead，soon，anywhere等，句中的sometimes，usually等。He is old e_ for drinking.主系表结构俱全，后面for drinking就是“浮云”，所以e开头的单词和old 有关，就是修饰old的副词，填enough.开挂技巧:凡是看不出是什么词性的，一般都是副词。esp

23、ecially 和和evenEspecially：特别是。1.强调，特指。2）常表示后面的人或事本应怎么样，理所应当怎么样Some young people in the United States,e_ college students,do not go out on traditional days.解析：young people包含college students，所以不是递进关系的副词even，而是especiallyWe shoud give the seat to the people who need it on the bus,e_ for the old.分析：在公交车上，

24、我们应该把作为让给有需要的人士，尤其是老人。这里也是强调，特指老人，所以。也可以理解为老人理所应当享受座位。Even：甚至。1.递进关系 2.常表示后面的人或事没被寄予多大希望而“锦上添花”，也可能是情况越来越糟“屋漏偏遭连夜雨”Everyone should do their best to protect environment_ the teenagers.分析：大家都来保护环境，还有青少年，属于“锦上添花”，有递进关系，那就是even中考真题练习中考真题练习【例1】Anna was on the diet for two months.Her doctor was pleased wi

25、th her.“You have been very good,”he said“You can eat some of the foods you like best.,but only a little.Dont eat too many sweets.If you do,you will get a lot of weight a_.“But when you eat it,it makes you sick.Its not a good food for you.”“You are right，”said Frank.“Well,Ill eat more cake i_.【分析】这两题

26、填副词，都在句末，分析句子不缺少主要成分，基本确定填副词，再略微看一下上下文，脑子里的常用副词放一遍，确定填again 及instead。【例2】Some people say that reading is out of date（过时的，陈旧的）.This is not true.You have to be able to read to use a computer and,the better you read,the better your computer skills will be.Reading is h_ out of date!【分析】动词前后的副词不是强调就是否定，看

27、一下句意，确定应填否定，h开头当然是hardly了。【例3】I realized that he was Jack,a friend from my school days in England.At the same time he a_ realized who I was.【分析】以a开头的副词，同学们常常不能很好地确定是also、always还是almost。我们不妨先学习填also的诀窍：如果本句所述内容与上句一致，如此句中的动作与上句一致，都是realize，就确定填also（也）。【例4】Have a warm bath-its a great way to relax.But

28、n_ stay in the bathroom too long.More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy.【分析】此处需填的副词很多同学都填错为not，就是没有掌握好基本规则，动词前用副词never、not必须与助动词连用，而no后必须接名词或动名词。1.实词，就要注意名词的单复数和动词的时态、语态，形容词的比较级最高级和副词形式；2.如果是介词，要注意前后相关的词组；3.如果是副词，要注意感情色彩，结合上下文判断句子语气，选择贴切副词。正餐开吃正餐开吃Mr.Wu is getting old.He is l_ th

29、e school soon.The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_.Among t_ are cards,note-books,photos and books.Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves.Photos will h_ Mr.Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students.Next week,t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him.分析：通读短文以后发现Mr.Wu 是

30、一位老师.。从old 可推断他不久要退休了“l_”应为谓语动词 leaving;“s_”是第三句的主语,结合 have 判断为 students;“h_ 是give 的宾语,判断为him;“p_”的内容是 cards,note-books,所以判断为名词presents;“t_”是介词among 的宾语,应为them;“m_”处于be done by 的结构中,应为过去分词made;“h_”位于情态动词will 之后,应为动词原形help;“t_”是remember 的宾语,并且受到happy 的修饰应为 time“t_”是主语,名词或代词 teachers/they;“p_”是have的宾语

31、,前面有冠词,所以是名词party“s_”前有 to,分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say Years ago,mobile phones were rather e_1_.Only important people and people w_2_ a lot of money had them.These days,the prices have been greatly reduced,and mobile phones come in small size and d_3_ colors.So more and more people,_4_ school students,

32、have them in their hands.It is t_5_ that it is an easy way to keep in touych with friends at any time and in any places.But in places like clssrooms,movie theatred and museums,where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low v_6_,we can also hear mobile phones ringing.Some drivers have accidents for

33、using mobile phones while d_7_.W_8_ of all,some studenys who cant p_9_ their phone bills do something illegal(不合法的)to get the money.So,are mobile phones r_10_ a good thing?5.true 6.voice 7.driving 8.worst 9.pay 10.reallyPART 02句子成分篇例句例句:l I】【played】a【red】【basketball】【yesterday in the house】主 谓 定 宾 状

34、I是主语，发出动作的人或物。play是谓语，就是一个动词，动词包括行为动词如play,go,listen就是一个动作，还包括be动词即am is are been basketball就是宾语，宾语就是行为动词后面的那个词（就是动作的承受者）yesterday是时间状语，in the house 是地点状语状语可以表结果，时间，地点，状态，原因，目的red按词性划分是形容词，按句子成分划分就是定语，修饰baskeball句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部

35、分.表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。一、主语（一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。大句子说明的人或事物。大多数主语都在句首。多数主语都在句首。The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)Seeing is believing.(动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that

36、the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)(1)对主语的判断对主语的判断 1._ are helpful to students.(teach)2._ is more important to me than money.(healthy)3.Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our school in August.(science)4._ is my favourite sport.(fish)5._ stamps is my hobby.(collect)

37、Key:1.Teachers 2.Health 3.scientists 4.Fishing 5.Collecting 分析：主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-题）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（、）。二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：He can speak German.We study English.He fell asleep.(2)对谓语的判断对谓语的判断 John was standing on t

38、he step of a house.An old woman c_ over to him.“My boy,”she a_,“Is your father at home?”“Yes,”a_ John.The woman began r_ the bell.She rang and rang,but there was no answer.At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily,“Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?”“I did”,answered John,“but this i_ my hou

39、se.”Key:came asked answered ringing turned said say isnt 分析：语篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。begin to do和begin doing可以互换，但在以下三种情况下，用to do:（1）.主语不是指人，而是it等。如:It began to rain.（2）.begi

40、n后接表示心理活动的词。如:begin to know，believe，wonder，think等。（3）.begin本身是ing形式，为避免重复后接to do 即beginning to do三、表语（predicative）:表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置于系动词后面。形容词作表语 You look younger than before.名词作表语 My father is a teacher.副词作表语 Everyone is here.介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre.不定式作

41、表语 My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉).It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.T

42、he food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.(3)对表语的判断对表语的判断 1.It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.(possible)2.The sick man is getting _.(ill)3.Petter is going to be a(n)_ when he grows up.(engine)4.Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people

43、have to wear warm clothes again.（usually）5.Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members.（please）Key:1.impossible 2.worse 3.engineer 4.unusual 5.pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词,介词短语。动词必须改成 to do,doing 或 done 的形式。三、宾语三、宾语1)动作的承受者动宾I like China.(名词)He hates you.(代词)How many do you need?We need tw

44、o.(数词)I enjoy working with you.(动名词)I hope to see you again.(不定式)Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.3)双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.(3)对宾语的判断对宾语的判断 1.Mr.Chen was surprised t

45、o see the fast _ in Shanghaiafter his long absence from the city.(develop)2.Thank you for your _.(kind)3.At last he sold his _.(invent)Key:1.development 2.kindness 3.invention 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。我们把四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。我们把“宾语宾宾语宾语补足语语补足语”合起来称为合起

46、来称为复合宾语复合宾语。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.We elected him monitor.(名词)We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.(介词短语)Dont let him do that.(省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式)D

47、ont keep the lights burning.(现在分词)Ill have my bike repaired.(过去分词)五、主补：对主语的补充。五、主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.六、定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、六、定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词(过过去分词去分词)或短语等都可以充当定语。或短语等都可以充当定语。Amy is a chemistry t

48、eacher.(名词)He is our friend.(代词)We belong to the third world.(数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.(现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well n

49、ow.(过去分词)I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)(6)对定语的判断对定语的判断 1.The _ exams usually take place at the end of June.(finally)2.On a _ night,you can see thousands of stars in the sky.(clearly)3.This is an _book.(interest)4.The French artist said,“it is my _ time to

50、 visit Shanghai.I love this city so much.(one)5.The book _ by Luxun is very famous.(write)6.Its a _ day,ist it?(sun)Key:(1)final (2)clear (3)interesting (4)first (5)written (6)sunny 分析:：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show/physics teacher。动词必须变形为：to do,doing 或done 的形式。七、状语