认知神经科学课件.ppt

1、Cognitive Neuroscience&ERPs（Event related potentials）认知神经科学认知神经科学 Cognitive Cognitive NeuroscienceNeuroscience是一门研究人脑高级功能的学科，它是认知科学与神经脑科学结合的产物。认知神经科学的研究目的在于阐明认知活动的脑机制，其学科分支包括认知神经心理学、认知心理生理学、认知生理心理学、认知神经生物学、计算神经科学。认知神经科学认知神经科学Event-related potentials Event-related brain potentials 凡是外加一种特定的刺激，作用于感觉系统

2、或脑的某一部位，在给予刺激或撤消刺激时，在脑区引起的电位变化。*刺激缺失刺激缺失事件相关（脑）电位事件相关（脑）电位lEEGEEG对对ERPsERPs的淹没的淹没l叠加平均基本原理叠加平均基本原理 ERPs波形恒定 潜伏期恒定 叠加n次：信噪比提高n 倍 例如：ERPs=0.5EEG n=100 100ERP 10EEG ERPs=5EEGERPERP的学术位置的学术位置属于心理生理学（属于心理生理学（psychophysiology）范畴）范畴心理生理学以心理因素为自变量，以生理指标为应变量，一般以心理生理学以心理因素为自变量，以生理指标为应变量，一般以人为被试。人为被试。生理心理学（生理心

3、理学（physiological psychology）以生理变化为自变量，）以生理变化为自变量，以心理因素为应变量，一般以动物为被试。以心理因素为应变量，一般以动物为被试。心理生理学是从生理心理学中分离出来的，同属心理生理学是从生理心理学中分离出来的，同属认知神经科学认知神经科学。认知神经科学是当前脑科学界颇受关注的领域，认知神经科学是当前脑科学界颇受关注的领域，ERP是其中的重是其中的重要组成部分。要组成部分。事件相关（脑）电位事件相关（脑）电位ERPsERPs研究研究成分研究成分研究应用研究应用研究特点及其影响因素起源及产生机制心理生理临床应用特因条件功能评估注意注意、记忆记忆、语言语言

4、加工加工、运动知觉运动知觉等神经精神科、昏迷昏迷愈后愈后、辅助诊断等航空、航天、航海、恶劣环境条件等驾驶疲劳驾驶疲劳、功能评功能评估估、音乐认知能力、健康评估等StandardDeviantStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stokic,1998)Standard(DAVID E.J.LINDEN.Review,2004)StandardDeviantNovelNovel Oddball ParadigmTarget2000Hz15%Non-Target1000Hz70%Auditory NovelStimuli15%PressFzCzPzNon-target Novel Targ

5、etBlack：Depression；Red：NormalP3aP3bAuditory P3a Cortex Current DensityNormal(358ms)Depressed(358ms)MGFP PeakNormal Depressed抑郁症患者（右）额叶认知功能障碍抑郁症患者（右）额叶认知功能障碍(Lv J,Zhao L,et al,2010)Behavioral Inhibiting ResponsesIf the usual target-detection task is inverted so that the subject responds to the standa

6、rd stimuli and withholds response from the target,the N2 wave to the no-go stimulus is increased in amplitude(Eimer,1993)and the P300 is more frontally distributed(e.g.,Hillyard,et al,1976;Roberts et al.,1994;Falkenstein et al,1995)(Zhang,et al，2007)Inhibiting ResponsesNogoGo(BW Zhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.

7、2007)Facing some problems of emotional regulation at the stage of coping with the conflict in Internet Addiction patients-200600uV2.5-2.5FZmsIA patientsNormalNogoPZGoP3goP3nogoN2nogo(Dang,et al，unpublished data)山川山川山川面孔识别的心理生理机制面孔识别的心理生理机制FIEFace inversion effect（Searcy&Bartlett,1996）（Carbon&Leder,2

8、005）Thatcher faces（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）N170:A face distinctive ERP componentRight MastoidLeft Mastoid5-5VN170FaceChairBird-7V+7VPotential distribution at 170ms after stimulus onsetCarmel&Bentin,2000Functional characteristics of the N170-effectNot sensitive to face familiarity(Bentin

9、&Deouell,2000).Sensitive to local more than to global information and not adversely affected by inhibiting configural processing:Larger effect for isolated eyes and face components than for full faces(Bentin et al.,1996,Bentin&Aviezer,unpublished;Bentin&McCarthy,unpublished).Not significantly reduce

10、d by random relocation of inner components(Bentin et al.,1996).Not reduced(indeed enhanced)by face inversion(Bentin et al.1996;Sagiv&Bentin,2001;Rossion et al,1999;2000)Despite global face configuration,it is eliminated when local information is not physiognomic(Bentin,Golland,&,Moscovitch,2003).Hyp

11、othetical role of the perceptual mechanism associated with the N170-effectThe N170-effect is associated with an“early”perceptual mechanism tuned to detect visual features that are characteristic to a face physiognomy.Its role might be to trigger the face-characteristic structural encoding processes

12、when pertinent stimuli are present in the visual field.Age-related changes during the early-stage face processingInvestigating the effects of aging on the face detection and configural processing by face-sensitive N170.If the ageing influences the face detection or configural processing,N170 effect

13、or N170 inversion effect should be different for younger and older adults.(Gao.,et al,2009)(Gao,et al,2009)N170 effectN170 inversion effect of faces(Gao,et al,2009)(Zhao L.&Li J.,2006)Expression Mismatch Negativity（EMMN）(Zhao L.&Li J.,2006)EMMN in depression patients-100400 msuV-1.51.5T6 NormalDepre

14、ssionEMMNChang,et al.2010近期研究近期研究 Visual perception Visual perception、Unconsciousness processingUnconsciousness processing Internet AddictionInternet Addiction Autism&DepressionAutism&Depression Burn outBurn out运动员、人才选拔、职业健康、青少年心理健康等运动员、人才选拔、职业健康、青少年心理健康等 Binding theoryBinding theory Thank you for y

15、our attentionFamiliarity effects on N170Left Mastoid8005V-5V0400millisecondsRight Mastoid0400milliseconds UNFAMILIAR FAMILIAR BUTTERFLIES-5V+5VUnfamiliarFamiliarBentin&Deouell,2000N170 elicited by faces and face componentsLeft Mastoid-550Right Mastoid50-5V0200 400600 8000200 400600 800Milliseconds-4

16、40V0200 400600 8000200 400600 800Milliseconds-440Bentin&McCarthy,unpublished0200400milliseconds05-510Left Mastoid.VRight Mastoid0200400milliseconds+2.5-2.5N170(in)sensitivity to the face configurationBentin et al.,19960100200300400MillisecondsIM20 100 200 300 400 MillisecondsIM1-5V5VFace inversion effect on N170 N170 is associated with local perception P8 P7 Right MastoidLeft Mastoid 02.5 V2.5 V02.5 V2.5 Vmilliseconds0200400milliseconds0200400 Block 2 Block 3 Block 1