大学精品课件:羊水栓塞7年制双语.ppt
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1、A case, Gravida 3 and Parturition 1,41w, labor induced by propess ,membrane ruptured naturally, at the same time, dyspnea and cyanosis occurred. What happened? If you are the doctor,what should you do? Trachea cannula was done immediately, and CS was prepared. The baby was survival with 9 apgar scor
2、e. In the operation, sudden cardiac arrest occurred and autonomously heartbeat recovered after 50 minutes external chest compression. But DIC emerged,total hysterectomy was done. Finally, the patients life was saved, but she became a vegetable.,羊水栓塞,Amniotic fluid embolism,广西医科大学妇产科教研室 王素梅,内 容,概念 (D
3、efinition) 病因 (Etiology) 病理生理 (Pathophysiology ) 临床表现 (Clinical manifestation) 诊断 (Diagnosis) 处理(Management) 预防 (Prevention),Definition of AFE,AFE is a rare obstetric emergency in which amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair, or other debris enter the maternal circulation, causing cardiorespiratory colla
4、pse.,epidemiology,The incidence of clinically detectable AFE is low estimated to be 1 in 20,000 to 80,000 live births. Maternal mortality approaches 80%. 5%- 10% of maternal mortality in the United States is due to AFE. Of patients with AFE, 50% die within the first hour of onset of symptoms. Of sur
5、vivors of the initial cardiorespiratory phase, 50% develop a coagulopathy. Neonatal survival is 70%.,Current data suggest that the process is more similar to anaphylaxis than to embolism term anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy has been suggested,二、病因 (Etiology),Hypertonia of amnion cavity Open bloo
6、d sinus Injury of cervical canal or uterine wall Placenta previa, placenta abruption, placenta marginal sinus rupture Adherence site of placenta Rupture of membrane,Premature rupture of membrane, artificial rupture or stripping of membrane, artificial expansion of cervix Too strong uterine contracti
7、on Rigidity contraction and precipitate labour caused by inappropriate using of oxytocin and operation in cavity Injury Cervical laceration, rupture of uterus, uterine incision in caesarean section, forcep curettage,Predisposing factors,Some pathological pregnancy Twin, multiplets, macrosomia, polyh
8、ydramnions, prolonged labour, dystocia, placenta abruption, placenta previa, retention of dead fetus, infection of amnion cavity, fetal distress Press abdoman,Predisposing factors,三、病理生理(Pathophysiology ),Anaphylactoid Syndrome Pulmonary hypertension Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) Syste
9、mic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),过敏性综合征,羊水有形成分型变态反应 近来,认为正常羊水进入母血循环可能无害,而羊水入血后引起血管活性物质(白三烯、前列腺素、血栓素等)才是重要因素。 故有学者主张称为“妊娠过敏样综合征” (Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy),肺动脉高压,血管机械性梗阻肺动脉高压 有形物质刺激肺组织释放血管活性物质 (PGF2a、5-羟色胺、白三烯等)反射性 肺动脉高压 肺动脉高压急性右心扩张和衰竭左心衰竭休克呼吸、心跳骤停,DIC,羊水中多量促凝物质激活外源性凝血系统血管内形成大量微血栓
10、DIC 羊水中纤溶激活酶激活纤溶系统; 大量凝血物质消耗和纤溶系统激活产妇血液系统由高凝状态迅速转变为纤溶状态全身出血,血不凝。,14,炎症损伤,炎性介质系统激活系统炎症反应综合征多器官损伤,凝血级联反应激活,炎性介质和缺氧导致心肌损伤 肺和中枢神经系统损伤,分娩母胎屏障破坏,羊水及其内容物进入母体循环,DIC和出血,炎性介质和内源性儿茶酚胺导致 短暂的系统炎性高血压和肺动脉高压 以及子宫张力增高,易感母体发生类似SIRS炎性介质的激活,Premonitory symptom: Short-period dysphoria, chill and shiver, cough and dyspne
11、a, cyanosis, vomit at the time of rupture of membrane Symptoms disappear after treatment in mild AFE, Severe AFE arise three stages : Respiratory and circulatory failure, shock Bleeding caused by DIC Acute renal failure,四、临床表现 (Clinical manifestation),前驱症状,几乎100%病人存在 主要表现为: 呼吸急促、憋气 发冷 头晕 心慌 针刺样感觉 恶心
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