大学精品课件:循环系统1.ppt
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1、循环系统 Circulatory system,内容,检查方法的选择 正常心脏三位片 后前位片心脏轮廓观察 常见心脏病和肺血管改变的影像表现,检查方法的选择,透视 平片 MSCT MRI 超声心动图,英文缩写,PA位(Posterior-anterior view)后前位 RAO(right anterior oblique view)右前斜位 LAO(left anterior oblique view)左前斜位 LA (left atrium)左房 LV(left ventricle)左室 RA (right atrium)右房 RV (right ventricle)右室,第一部分:正常
2、心脏三位片,L,R,胶片,球管,2米,横位心 斜位心 垂位心,小儿球形心,升主动脉,左房大时,用以观察双房影,右房,左室,心腰(左房),肺动脉段,主动脉结,The Cardiac Contours,上腔静脉,下腔静脉,RAO view,主要观察左房 (右斜左房 右斜右室),LA,RA,Ascending aorta,Pulmonary arterious cone,RV,LAO,左室 (左斜右房 左斜左室),Ascending aorta,RV,LV,LMB,RA,LA,第二部分:后前位片各轮廓观察,升主动脉,左房大时,用以观察双房影,右房,左室,心腰(左房),肺动脉段,主动脉结,The Ca
3、rdiac Contours,上腔静脉,下腔静脉,Aortic knob should measure 35mm,Aortic Knob,The first bump on the left-side is the aortic arch. We can measure the knob from the lateral border of air in the trachea to the edge of the aortic knob.,42mm,Enlarged with: Increased pressure Increased flow Changes in aortic wall,
4、主动脉结突出,Important,肺动脉段,If we draw a tangent line from the apex of the left ventricle to the aortic knob (red line) and measure along a perpendicular to that tangent line (yellow line),The distance between the tangent and the main pulmonary artery (between two small green arrows) falls in a range betw
5、een 0 mm (touching the tangent line) to as much as 15 mm away from the tangent line,Increased pressure Increased flow,肺动脉段膨隆,27,Small pulmonary artery Tetralogy of Fallot,肺动脉段凹陷 -法洛氏四联症,靴形心,Left ventricle and/or aortic knob push the tangent away Common,29,肺动脉段凹陷 -高血压性心脏病,主动脉型心脏,?,?,Left atrium sits
6、in middle of heart posteriorly,Left atrium forms no border of normal heart in PA view,LA,Nomal left atrium,“Double Density” of left atrial enlargement,When the LA enlarges,Straightened left heart border,Left Ventricle,Normal left ventricle,心尖,右心室,左室增大,主动脉型心脏,Left ventricle enlargement,主动脉型心脏,右室增大,Ca
7、rdio-thoracic Ratio,50%,Low density, almost straight edge represents size of ascending aorta,升主动脉,Small,Prominent,Ascending Aorta,Left atrium sits in middle of heart posteriorly,Left atrium forms no border of normal heart in PA view,LA,Nomal left atrium,“Double Density” of left atrial enlargement,Wh
8、en the LA enlarges,Straightened left heart border,Right atrium enlargement,RA,RV enlargement,pulmonary arterial hypertension Atrial septal defect,第三部分: 心脏各腔改变,LA enlargement LV enlargement RV enlargement RA enlargement,常见原因: 二尖瓣病(狭窄、左房粘液瘤 ) 左心室衰竭 动脉导管未闭 室间隔缺损,左心房增大,Left atrium sits in middle of hear
9、t posteriorly,Left atrium forms no border of normal heart in PA view,LA,左房,“Double Density” of left atrial enlargement,左房增大,Straightened left heart border,This enlargement causes the contour change often termed the mitral silhouette, in which the appendage produces a considerable convexity of the le
10、ft-upper cardiac margin,Left Atrial Appendage,支气管夹角增宽,Left atrial enlargement,LA,RV,LV enlargement. MPA big=mitral valve stenosis+mitral valve incompetence,RAO,LAO,PA,Straightened left heart border,食管左房段压迹明显,向后移位,增大的左房,使食管局限后移,增大左房使左主支气管上移、变窄,左心房增大总结,P-A: 四弓现象,双心缘,双心影,食管右移(钡餐) R-O:食管后移(钡餐) L-O:心后上缘突
11、出,支气管角增大45,左心室增大,常见原因: 高血压病 主动脉瓣关闭不全或狭窄 二尖瓣关闭不全 动脉导管未闭,左室增大,主动脉型心脏,心缘向后凸出,左前斜位转到60时左室仍与脊椎重叠,室间沟前移,If Heart Is Enlarged, And Aorta is Big,50%,Which Ventricle is Enlarged?,Then Left Ventricle is Enlarged,左室增大总结,P-A:左室增大左下心缘左移心尖下移、胃泡 内看到心影 L-O:心脏与脊柱重叠1/3椎体、心后间隙变小 R-O:心前间隙变小 继发改变:主A迂曲,常见原因: 二尖瓣狭窄 慢性肺原性心
12、脏病 肺动脉狭窄 肺动脉高压 房间隔缺损 Fallot四联症,右心室增大,RV enlargement,PA,LAO,RAO,LA,RV,LV enlargement. MPA big=mitral valve stenosis+mitral valve incompetence,右室前缘呈弧形、前凸,心前间隙缩小和下部闭塞,肺动脉圆锥隆起,右心室增大,肺动脉圆锥突出,心前下间隙 变窄或消失,右前斜位2,右室膈段增长,室间沟后上移,右心室增大,If Heart Is Enlarged, And Main Pulmonary Artery is Big,50%,Which Ventricle i
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