大学精品课件：tips for earchquake.doc

1、TEN TIPS FOR EARTHQUAKE SAFETY: 1) In most cases , the people who simply “ducks and covers“ when building collapse are crushed to death. People who get under objects, like desks or cars, are crushed. 2) Cats, dogs and babies often naturally curl up in the fetal position. You should, too, in an earth

2、quake. It is a natural safety/survival instinct. You can survive in a smaller void. Get next to an object, next to a sofa, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it. 3) Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake. Wood

3、 is flexible (易弯曲的) and moves with the force of the earthquake. If the wooden building does collapse（倒塌）, large survival voids are created. Also, the wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight. Brick buildings will break into individual bricks. Bricks will cause many injuries but less sq

4、uashed bodies than concrete slabs（水泥板）. 4) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed. A safe void will exist around the bed. Hotels can achieve a much greater survival rate in earthquakes, simply by posting a sign on the back of the door of every room telli

5、ng occupants to lie down on the floor, next to the bottom of the bed during an earthquake. 5) If an earthquake happens and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa or large chair. 6) Most everyone who gets under a door

6、way when buildings collapse is killed. How? If you stand under a doorway and the doorjamb （门柱） falls forward or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door jam falls sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case, you will be killed! 7) Never go to the stairs. The

7、 stairs have a different “moment of frequency“ (they swing separately from the main part of the building). The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who get on stairs before they fail are chopped up by th

8、e stair treads （踏板） - horribly mutilated （切断）. Even if the building doesnt collapse, stay away from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. They should a

9、lways be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged. Get near the outer walls of buildings or outside them if possible. It is much better to be near the outside of the building rather than the interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter(周长) of the build

10、ing the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked. 9) People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what happened 10) I discovered, while crawling inside collapsed newspaper offices and other o

11、ffices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper. Key points for escape What is the correct action to take in earthquakes? Should people run away or should they find a hiding place? Most experts in our country believe that people should find

12、a hiding place in nearby places if they are at indoors at the beginning of the earthquake and retreat to safe places when the earthquake stops. When people are staying indoors during the earthquake, they should select a hiding place where the structure is sound and where can give good protection to

13、people. Places where triangular structures are formed and where there is smaller rooms or with strong pillars are safer. More spacious places in outdoors are also quite safe. Correct postures Bend over and wait for chance. Crouch or sit down, try to bend the body and lower the center of gravity. Hol

14、d to a solid object such as a table leg. Protect the head and eyes from injuries and cover the mouth and nose. Avoid the crowd of people, never throng with each other, dont spark any lights because flammable gas may stay in the air. Escape in the school If it has an earthquake when having classes, t

15、he students should listen to the teachers instruction, to protect their heads and close their eyes immediately, and hide under the desks. If it has an earthquake when the students are in the sports ground, they can crouch on the spot and protect their heads with hands. Be sure to keep away with high

16、 buildings and dangerous objects. Dont go back to the classrooms. Give classes outdoors when necessary Escape Outdoors Select a safe place on the spot Crouch or crawl on the ground, so that the person wont fall down; Dont run aimlessly; avoid the crowds of people; Protect the head with school bags;

17、Dont go back indoors casually. Keep away with high buildings or structures Such as: tall buildings, particularly building with glass curtains; Dont stand under or above flyovers（立交桥）; Dont stand under water towers and high chimneys etc. Keep away with dangerous objects, high and suspending objects S

18、uch as: transformers, electricity wire poles and street lamps; Keep away with advertisement board and cranes(吊车) etc. Keep away with other dangerous places Such as: narrow streets; Dilapidated（破败的）houses and wall; Inner walls, high front face（前割面）and awnings（雨篷）; The storage place of bricks, woods a

19、nd other objects. Dangerous places to be avoided: Factories that produce dangerous products; Dangerous, explosives and inflammables storehouses Escape in public places Listen to the command of the site workers. Dont be scared and dont rush towards the exits. Try to avoid crowds. Avoid to be squeezed

20、 to the wall or barriers. At theaters and gyms: crouch down or slip under the chairs; avoid suspending lights and electric fans; protect the head with schoolbags; after the earthquake, listen to the command of the workers, retreat in an organized way. In department stores, bookstores, museums or sub

21、way: find firm counters, commodities (low furniture etc.) or a pillar, or the corner of a wall to crouch down on the spot, protect the heads with hands or other objects; keep away from glass windows, glass counters or show counters; keep away from tall cupboards; keep away from advertisement boards

22、and other suspending objects. On buses or trolley buses: Grasp the handles to avoid being injured; lower the center of gravity; hide near the seats; get off after the earthquake passed. Earthquake in open fields Keep away from mountain foot, steep（陡峭的） cliffs （悬崖）to prevent avalanches(雪崩), rolling s

23、tones and mud-rock flow; Keep away from steep slopes and cliffs to prevent ground splitting （地裂） and slides （山体 滑坡）etc. When meet with avalanches or slides, run towards the direction vertical to the direction of the rolling stones; never run in the same directions with the slides; or hide under a fi

24、rm block, or crouch in ditches or under benches; pay special attention to protect the head. When special dangers encountered When gas leaks out: Muffle your mouth and nose with a wet towel; dont turn on light. Try to escape after the earthquake. When a fire happens: Lie on the ground with ones face

25、downward; cover ones mouth and nose with a wet towel. Try to remove to a safe place after the earthquake crawling against the wind. When poisonous gas leaks: When a chemical plant happens to be on fire and poisonous a gas leakage occurs, dont run in the direction of the wind. Try to run against wind

26、 and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel at the same time. After major earthquakes, aftershocks may happen. The situation may become even grave. One must improve the situation he is in and manage to keep away from dangers. Keep away from unsteady or collapsing objects, suspending objects and

27、other dangerous objects; move away the debris and enlarge the space around one. Note: dont move anything forcefully, so that the person buried down wont invite further collapses; manage to support the collapsed walls with bricks so that one wont be pressed down again during the aftershocks; dont use

28、 indoor facilities casually, including power, water sources etc; dont use open fire; cover the mouth and nose when one smells the flavor of gases or toxic gases; dont shout aimlessly, keep energy, ask for rescue through knocking. When trapped in After major earthquakes, aftershocks (余震) may happen.

29、The situation may become even grave. One must improve the situation he is in and manage to keep away from dangers. Keep away from unsteady or collapsing objects, suspending objects and other dangerous objects; move away the debris and enlarge the space around one. Note: dont move anything forcefully

30、, so that the person buried down wont invite further collapses; manage to support the collapsed walls with bricks so that one wont be pressed down again during the aftershocks; dont use indoor facilities casually, including power, water sources etc; dont use open fire; cover the mouth and nose when one smells the flavor of gases or toxic gases; dont shout aimlessly, keep energy, ask for rescue through knocking.