《医学英语视听说(第二版)》课件unit 10.pptx
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1、医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit Ten Urinary SystemMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the Urinary System Part II Diseases Related to the Urinary SystemPart III Celebrity and DiseasePart IV Medical Terminology Related to the Urinary System2Part V Further
2、ThinkingPart IVideo:Introduction to the Urinary System3Think and TalkAlthough the primary role of the kidneys is excretion,they play more roles than are commonly realized:They filter the blood plasma and excrete the toxic metabolic wastes.They regulate blood volume,pressure,and osmolality by regulat
3、ing water output.They regulate the electrolyte and acidbase balance of the body fluids.They secrete the hormone erythropoietin,which stimulates the production of red blood cells and thus supports the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.They help to regulate calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism
4、by participating in the synthesis of calcitriol.Reference4Think and TalkThey clear hormones and drugs from the blood and thereby limit their action.They detoxify free radicals.In conditions of extreme starvation,they help to support the blood glucose level by synthesizing glucose from amino acids.In
5、 view of such diverse roles,it is easy to see why renal failure can lead to the collapse of many other physiological functions as well.Reference5Task One:Blank Filling(1)soluble (2)dehydration(3)urine(4)production(5)fluidWatch and Do(6)18-foot(7)absorbs(8)materials(9)blood stream (10)nutritional 6Ta
6、sk Two:Error Correction1.Our kidneys work as filter to preserve as much of our bodys water volume as possible.Healthy kidneys filter all the blood in our body every 30 minutes.2.A nephron consists of a bulb called Bowmans capsule,filled with cluster of capillaries called glomerulus,and a long twisti
7、ng tube called renal tubule.Blood flows from the renal artery into the glomerulus.Watch and Do7Task Two:Error Correction3.One kidney can absorb 125 milliliters of fluid per minute or 20 percent of all the fluid delivered via the renal arteries.This fluid is called filtrate,and in one day the glomeru
8、li produce about 180 liters of it.This is 70 times the total blood plasma volume in our bodies.4.The disease-diabetes insipidus,can cause death by dehydration.During the next step of filtration,called re-absorption,the filtrate passes from Bowmans capsule into the renal tubule.5.In the final step,ca
9、lled secretion,any solutes remaining in the capillaries that were not filtered out originally are secreted into what is left of the filtrate.Watch and Do8 Task Three:Description Our kidneys work as a filter to preserve our bodys water volume.They filter all the blood and remove urine which contains
10、cellular waste by-products.The filtering process involves three steps.The first step is called absorption.A nephron consists of a bulb called Bowmans capsule filled with glomerulus and a renal tubule.Blood flows into the glomerulus,and blood pressure forces much of the blood plasma,the fluid portion
11、 of the blood through the cell walls and into Bowmans capsule,called the filtrate.Watch and Do9 Task Three:Description During the next step of filtration,or re-absorption,the filtrate passes from Bowmans capsule into the renal tubule.Here most of the filtrate is re-absorbed back into the capillaries
12、 surrounding the tubule and return to the blood stream.This step allows needed water and nutritional substances to be maintained at a useful level in the blood stream.Waste,extra water and other substances are removed.In the final step,called secretion,solutes that were not filtered out originally a
13、re secreted into what is left of the filtrate.Watch and Do10Part II Diseases Related to the Urinary System11Part IIDiseases Related to the Urinary SystemVideo OneUrinary Tract InfectionVideo TwoChronic Kidney DiseaseAudioHeavy Smokers at Risk for Deadly Kidney Cancer12Video One Urinary Tract Infecti
14、on13Think and TalkSome risk factors that give rise to UTIs include:1.UTIs maybe hereditary and bladder infection may run in families.2.Actually,the urine formed by the kidney and stored in the bladder is sterile,but the germs around the rectal area could pass through the urethra into the urinary tra
15、ct.3.Sexual intercourse increases the chance of UTIs.4.People who have abnormity in unitary tract are at higher risks of catching UTIs,and using catheter for a long time help cause the disease as well.5.Other diseases such as diabetes affecting immune function become one of the risk factors for UTIs
16、.Reference14Part II-Video OneThink and Talk In most cases,UTIs can be treated easily.Some methods could be effective in preventing occurrence of UTIs.1.Urinate when you want to and dont hold it.2.Wipe from front to back after urination or bowel movement.3.Avoid using bubble sprays or other substance
17、s that irritate the urethra.4.Keep good hygiene habit.5.Drink plenty of water daily.Reference15Part II-Video OneWatch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)urine (2)bladder (3)stored (4)passed (5)sterile(6)cystitis (7)sensation (8)urination (9)infancy (10)anus16Part II-Video OneTask Two:Retelling The urina
18、ry system comprises of kidneys,ureters,bladder and urethra.The kidneys act as filter and remove waste from blood in the form of urine.The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder,where it is stored and passed from the body through the urethra.Normally,urine is sterile and is free from bac
19、teria and viruses.Watch and DoWatch and Do17Part II-Video OneTask Two:Retelling However,bacteria can enter the urinary system through the urethra,causing cystitis or urinary tract infection,UTI as it is commonly called.Symptoms of UTI include:a burning sensation when urinating,frequent urination con
20、sisting of small amounts of urine,and the presence of blood in urine.Urinary tract infections are very common.After infancy,UTIs occur more often in females because their urethra is shorter and is closer to the anus.If UTI is not detected and treated early,it can spread from the urethra to the bladd
21、er and kidneys.Watch and DoWatch and Do18Part II-Video OneVideo Two Chronic Kidney Disease19Think and Talk Chronic kidney disease is quite dangerous,and may present symptoms until serious,irreparable damage has occurred to kidneys.So having a regular check-up yearly in hospitals is necessary,especia
22、lly for those who have suffered from diabetes(both Type 1 and Type 2)and high blood pressure.A urine test and a blood test could be arranged to check kidney function.Stop smoking as soon as possible,which is hazardous to kidneys and increases other diseases risks like lung cancer and heart disease.D
23、rink water in moderation.At least 2 liters or 8 cups of water is enough for average humans daily fluid need,but drinking too much water may worsen the kidney impairment which has not been detected.Reference20Part II-Video TwoThink and Talk Maintain a healthy diet to lower the amount of cholesterol w
24、hich would increase the blood pressure.Alcohol intake puts people who have suffered high blood pressure at a more risky state to damage kidneys.Chronic kidney disease can also be caused by improper use of painkillers.Follow the instructions on the package of the medications and take prescribed dose
25、of medications suggested by the doctor.At last,moderate exercise is always healthy for ones body as well as kidneys,especially aerobic exercise outside the door.Reference21Part II-Video TwoTask One:Order Rearrangement7-4-8-2-6-3-1-5Watch and Do22Part II-Video TwoTask Two:True or False1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T
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