高中英语句子成分和结构讲解课件.ppt

1、英语句子成分与结构,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,系动词,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / sm

2、ell etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,Members of a sentence,主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 表语 predicative 宾补 complement 定语 attribute 状语 adverbial 同位语 appositive,I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物, 主语

3、一般位于_ 。,句首,Lily llikes her new bike. To learn English well is not easy.,（二）谓语（predicate)：,由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。,He works very hard.,谓语,The weather is very nice today.,谓语,He looked up the word in the dictionary.,谓语,How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to

4、see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语（ object ） 动作的对象或承受者，由n.或相当于n.的词担任。 置于_或_之后。,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,及物动词,介词,通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。, 间接 宾语, 直接 宾语,please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,He gave me some b

5、ooks.,（四） 定语:(attribute) （Noun/Pronoun）,这是一节生动有趣的课,This is a lively and interesting class.,有一些难题要处理,There is something difficult to deal with.,前置定语,后置定语,Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。,（五） 表语（predicative）,连系动词,1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were),3.感官动词(look, smell, hear, feel),+表语,2.表状态变化的动

6、词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay),My sister is a nurse. She got angry.,I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them.,（六）宾语补足语 （object complement）,(七) 同位语:(appositive),我们有两个孩子，一男一女,We have two children, a boy and a girl.,那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车,The man, my t

7、eacher, never rides a bike.,当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用 来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。,八. 状语:(adverbial),状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。,表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow,Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?,我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？,表地点：in China, at the airport,I saw a studen

8、t in the classroom.,我在教室里看见一个学生,表原因: because, as, for, since,他因为生病所以今天没有去上学,Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.,表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句,那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了,The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.,表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose,为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力,In

9、 order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .,表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩,As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.,表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though,他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我,He helped me although he didnt know me.,表程度: very, enough, to some extent,那里的风景非

10、常漂亮,The scenery there is very beautiful.,表方式: like that, as, as if,不要那样看我,Dont look at me like that!,表伴随状况：,老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书,The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.,with,画出下列句子的状语,I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up lat

11、e. He got up so late that I missed the train.,I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness.,consolidation,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students go

12、t on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. He is to leave for Shanghai

13、 tomorrow. 9. His wish is to become a scientist. 10. Do you have anything else to say?,Five basic sentence pattern 英语五大基本句型,一: (主谓) 二: (主系表) 三: (主谓宾) 四: (主谓间宾直宾) 五: (主谓宾宾补),1.(主谓),是不及物动词,1. The sun rose.               2. What he said does not matter. 3. They talked

14、 for half an hour.,2.+(系动词)+(表语),1. The dinner smells good.                2. Everything looks different.      3. Our well has gone dry.        4. His face turned red.,3. S+V+O (V是及物动词),例如： 1. I saw a film yesterday. 2. They

15、built a house last year. 3. You should look after your children well.,4. S+V+O1+O2 (V是及物动词),在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。,例： she ordered herself a new dress. she cooked her husband a delicious meal.,5. S+V+O+C,The war made

16、him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.,Tips： 宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,a.   b.  c. d.    e. ,1. Please tell us a story. _ 2. She smiled. _ 3. His job is to train swimmers. _ 4. He noticed a man enter the room. _ 5. Please look at the picture. _,d,a,b,e,c,Practice,Nobody went. She b

17、ecame a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let him  go.,  ,主  +  谓,主 +  系 +  表,主  +  谓 +  宾,主 +  谓  +间接宾语 +直接宾语,主 + 谓 +宾 + 宾补,Translate the following sentences into English,1.你的故事听起来很有趣。 2.我感到有一点累。 3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。 4.这家医院创建于1950年。 5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。,6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。 7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？ 8、下学期谁教你们生物？ 9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净 10、什么促使你这样想的？,Thank you !,