高三英语一轮复习语法专题：(浙江)介词和介词短语课件.ppt

1、介词和介词短语单句语法填空1.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _ their hands.(2016全国，50)2.My connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016全国，65)3.For those who fly to Guilin，its onl

2、y an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.(2015全国，66)答案1.with2.to3.by感 悟 高 考考点一常见介词的用法1.表示时间的介词at，on，in和for规则 at表示某个时间点、时刻等，例如：at midnight，at dawn/daybreak，at sunrise/sunset，at dusk等。规则 on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。例如：on October the first，on a rainy day，on Christmas Eve，o

3、n the afternoon of his arrival等。规则 in表示在某段较长的时间内(如：世纪、朝代、年代、月份)或泛指上午、下午和傍晚等。in the 1980s/1980s，in the Qing Dynasty，in October，in the morning/afternoon/evening等。考 点 清 单规则 for后跟“时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久，可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。I have lived in this city for more than 10 years.我在这座城市住了10多年了。2.表示交通方式的介词by，in和on 规则 不涉

4、及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不带冠词。例如：by sea/water/land/air等。规则 涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。例如：by bike/plane/ship/train/spaceship/car等。规则 当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。例如：on this plane，on my bike，in his car。3.表示方位的across，through和over规则 across表示“从的表面穿过”。He walked across the square to meet us

5、.他穿过广场来见我们。规则 through表示“从的内部穿过”。The guide led us through the forest.向导领着我们穿过森林。规则 over表示“从的上面跨过”。The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.贼跳过栅栏逃跑了。4.beyond规则 表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于”。Its beyond midnight now.Is he still watching the football match?现在已经过了午夜了。他还在看足球赛吗？规则 表示“(位置)在那一边，超出；为所不及，超出的范围”。Beyond

6、the river stood a power station.过了这条河就是一个发电站。Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。5.against规则 表示“逆方向，顶着；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击(表示方向或位置)”。He stood with his back against the wall.他背靠墙站着。规则 表示“反对(与for意义相反)；违背”。Others are against the idea，saying that learning En

7、glish is useless and is a waste of energy.其他人反对这个观点，他们说学英语没用，并且浪费精力。规则 表示“防备，准备”。Some animals store food against the winter.有些动物为过冬储备食物。They have got prepared against flood.他们已经做好了防洪准备。规则 表示“衬托，相映”。The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。6.with的用法规则 表示“和一起，和，同，跟”。Put this b

8、ag with the others.把这个包和其他的包放在一起。规则 表示“(同时或同一方向)随着”。With the vital exam drawing near，I felt so nervous that I even couldnt eat or sleep，thus making me very sleepy in class.随着这场重要考试日益临近，我感到如此紧张以至于吃不下睡不着，因此课堂上无精打采。规则 表示“具有，带有”、“由于，因为”或“(表示方式)用”。The dictionary is what I want，but I dont have enough mone

9、y with me.这本字典正是我想要的，但是我没带够钱。There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.在我们学校自行车存放处有一个长久以来就存在的问题。考点二常见介词短语规则 in名词in advance提前，事先，预先in case如果，万一 in charge主管，掌管，看管，负责in return作为回报 in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而in vain徒劳，白费力气的 规则 on名词 on leave在休假 on holiday在度假 on strike罢工 on sale出售 规则 bey

10、ond名词 beyond ones power是某人力不能及的beyond ones reach够不着 beyond description难以形容beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑；肯定 规则 under名词 under construction在建设中under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中 规则 at名词 at work在上班at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table在吃饭 at church做礼拜at peace处于和平状态 规则 out of名词 out of breath上气不接下气地ou

11、t of balance失去平衡out of touch失去联系out of date过时的规则 in名词ofin favour of同意，赞成in honour of为纪念，为庆祝 in memory of为纪念in face of面对 in need of需要in search of寻找 in charge of负责in spite of尽管 in case of如果，万一 考点三“动词介词”短语规则 动词介词laugh at嘲笑agree on对达成协议look for 寻找set about 开始做consist of 由组成devote.to.致力于refer to 参考；查阅规则

12、动词副词介词go in for爱好；从事put up with忍受go back to 追溯到go down to 认真做规则 动词名词介词take advantage of利用pay attention to注意make use of 利用come up with提出give in to向让步规则 动词sb/sth介词prevent sb from.阻止某人做remind sb of.提醒某人inform sb of通知某人warn sb of 警告某人1.【误】I like Mr.Miners speech；it was clear and on the point.【正】I like M

13、r.Miners speech；it was clear and to the point.【探究】句意：我喜欢Miner先生的讲话，既清楚又切中要点。to the point意思为“切中要点”。正 误 探 究2.【误】Did you really see the young man hit my brother on the face?【正】Did you really see the young man hit my brother in the face?【探究】句意：你真的看见那个年轻人打我弟弟的脸了吗？“打在脸上”用in the face；“打在鼻子上”用on the nose。易错

14、点1思维定势，误解语境Do you think this shirt is too tight_the shoulders?误填to/on答案across句意：你觉得这件衬衫肩膀的位置太紧了吗？本题考查介词的基本用法。across the shoulders指肩宽，两肩的距离，故填across。易 错 防 范【点拨】此题易用to，因为同学们会受思维定势影响，误以为考查too.to结构；也有同学会用on，认为是说“肩膀上”，指具体地点，但此处考查两肩间的距离。易错点2受汉语思维影响The graduates are determined to devote themselves _Chinese

15、 space science.误填for答案to句意：毕业生们决心献身于中国太空科学事业。devote oneself to doing sth 意为“献身于”，这里的to是介词。类似的结构有：pay attention to，get down to，look forward to，make a contribution to等。【点拨】易误用for。受到汉语思维习惯的影响，考生易误认为是“为了(for表目的)中国的太空科学事业而奉献”，却忽略了与devote固定搭配的介词只能是to。.单句语法填空针 对 训 练1.Most of us are more focused _ our tasks

16、 in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全国，64)2._ the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015全国，67)3.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _ a cow.4.A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.5.The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked he

17、r across the street.6.Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.7.When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next _ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.8.While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had w

18、ith the villagers without asking for anything _ return.9.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._ short，hes reliable.10.The dictionary is out _ date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.答案1.on2.At3.without4.of5.by6.above7.to8.in9.In10.of

19、.语篇填空(用适当的介词填空)As I walked _1_ the city streets，I passed a young man searching through a small block of land that contained a mix of leaves and rubbish.I was somewhat puzzled why someone _2_ him would be searching through rubbish.Finding this a little odd，I asked him，“What are you searching _3_？”He

20、replied very simply that he was looking for money.After talking _4_ him for a little longer，I found out that he had become homeless after getting laid _5_ from his job.Since then，he had been working _6_ part-time jobs in a doctors office and in a food bank to earn some money.But he made so little th

21、at he lost heart.The man seemed fairly talented，although he was a little dirty.I told him that our thoughts create our reality，and I suggested that he not give _7_ and think _8_ a positive way.During the whole talk，what I stressed was that he was young and that everything was possible.Although he di

22、dnt respond _9_ the spot，my sense told me that what I said seemed to have an effect _10_ him.答案1.along/down2.like3.for4.with5.off6.on7.up8.in9.on10.on.语法填空Journey to the Center of the Earth spoke of a trip to the centre of the earth through a volcano in Iceland.When Professor Otto Lindenbrock，his ne

23、phew and the guide they hired _1_(reach)the volcano，they journeyed underground through a small cave.After many days，they came to a vast room _2_ a large ocean inside.The three men built a small boat and set sail._3_(sudden)，two dinosaurs rose to the surface and began to fight each other.The small bo

24、at was almost sunk by the dinosaurs _4_ they were able to get away.They sailed to shore and explored the forest.They came across huge insects and many strange _5_(creature).As they were wandering around，they noticed a man sitting against a tree in the _6_(distant)he was at least four meters tall.The

25、 men became afraid，and ran back to the boat.The boat floated down with the water _7_ they could only hold on to the boat in terror.Finally，they reached the bottom of the hole.Then the water began to push them up.They floated upwards for miles.The water rushed beneath them，_8_(push)them out into the

26、sunlight.They now found _9_(they)in a volcano in Italytheir adventure was over，but a new one was about _10_(begin).答案1.reached考查时态。全文用的是一般过去时，此处也用过去式，故填reached。2.with考查with复合结构。句意：他们来到一个巨大的房间，里面是一片浩瀚的海洋，with a large ocean inside作 a vast room的定语。故填with。3.Suddenly考查副词。此处是副词做状语，故填Suddenly。4.before考查连词。

27、before they were able to get away在句中作时间状语。故填before。5.creatures考査名词复数。creature是可数名词，此处由many修饰用复数形式，故填creatures。6.distance考査名词。in the distance在远处，在此做状语。故填distance。7.and考査并列连词。前后两句是并列句，用并列连词，故填and。8.pushing考查现在分词。pushing在句中作结果状语，push的主语和句子主语一致用ing形式，故填pushing。9.themselves考查反身代词。find oneself in a volcano in Italy发现自己处于某种状态，故填themselves。10.to begin考查动词不定式。be about to do 表示“即将、正要做某事”，故填to begin。