Unit 4 Discovering uesful structures 定语从句（ppt课件） (2)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、授课人：授课人：AndyaoAndyao20222022年年11 11月月11 11日日什么是定语和定语从句？什么是定语和定语从句？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的的”表示。表示。单词作定语一般前置单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语句子作定语则叫定语从句则叫定语从句.a a blueblue sea sea a a handsomehandsome boy boy定语从句的位置定语从句的位置:1.1.紧跟在先行词的后面紧跟在先行词的后面:You

2、must do everything You must do everything that I do.that I do.I have found the book I have found the book which I lost.which I lost.I visited the schoolI visited the school where I studied.where I studied.2.2.定语从句后移定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.3.as3.

3、as引导的定语从句可前移引导的定语从句可前移As you all know,the earth is round.As you all know,the earth is round.定语从句定语从句Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.A plane is can fly.a machinethe machinea machine that/which关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词代指先行词mac

4、hine。1.The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.2.This is the city where I was born.定义定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词关系词/连接词连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。分。关系代词关系代词(作主语作主语/宾语宾语/表语表语):):1.who/whom2.wh

5、ich3.that(不能不能放在介词的放在介词的后面后面)4.whose=of which 或或 of whom5.as关系副词关系副词(作状语作状语):1.where=介词介词+which2.when=介词介词+which3.why=for+which4.way的特殊用法的特殊用法 the wayhe lives.that he lives.in which he lives.in which he lives.关系词的作用关系词的作用:1)1)连接；连接；2)2)代替先行词；代替先行词；3)3)在定从中作成在定从中作成分。分。探究性学习探究性学习1.The number of people

6、 _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.A.who B.which C.where D.whenA1.who作定从的主语作定从的主语/宾语宾语指代先行指代先行词为人词为人作主作主语时不可语时不可省略省略我的主语呢？2.The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.A.whom B./C.which D.whenAB2.whom作定从的宾语作定从的宾语指代先行指代先行词为人词为人可可省略省略我的宾语呢？3.Spielberg won a prize for a short film _ he made.A.wh

7、ich B.who C./D.whereAC3.which作定从的主语或宾语作定从的主语或宾语指代先行指代先行词为事物词为事物作宾语可作宾语可省略省略我的宾语呢？4.Its about a big shark_ attacks swimmers _ are spending their holidays in a small village.A.where B.who C.that D.which E./4.that作定从的主语或宾语作定从的主语或宾语指代先行指代先行词为事物或词为事物或人人作宾语可作宾语可省略省略CDBC谁的妈妈？5.Spielberg,_ mother was a musi

8、c teacher,was born in 1946.A.who B.which C.whose D.thatC5.whose作定从的定语作定从的定语指先行词与定语从句中的指先行词与定语从句中的主语名词之间有所属关系主语名词之间有所属关系不可不可省略省略I once lived in a house _ was broken.A.whose roof B.which roofC.of which the roof D.the roof of whichACD5.whosenof which/whom the+n=the+n+of which/whom她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。她父

9、母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。Her parents dont want to marry their daughter to a man_ is poor.whose family=the family of whom=of whom the familythe roof of the house指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom 何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略探究性学习探究性学习I still remember the day.=when(1)(2)on the dayI came here=on which我仍然记得（我

10、来到这里的）那天。我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。(1)我仍然记得这天。我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。在这天我来到这里。1.Do you know the date _ Lincoln was born?A.which B.on which C.when D.where1.whenBC作定从的时间状语作定从的时间状语指时间指时间,在从句中表示在从句中表示在在.时时间间=in/on.+which先行词为时间名词先行词为时间名词在哪天出生的呢？在哪天出生的呢？This is the house.last year.=in which=whereI lived in the house (

11、1)(2)就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。(1)就是这所房子。就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。我去年在这所房子住过。在哪摘棉花呢？在哪摘棉花呢？2.The farm _ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away.A.when B.where C.why D.on whichBD2.where作定从的地点状语作定从的地点状语指地点指地点,在从句中表示在从句中表示在在.地地点点=in/on.+which先行词为地点名词先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,e

12、nvironment,scene等为地点概念的名词等为地点概念的名词)He gave a reason.=for which=why(1)(2)for the reason.people like music(1)他给了一个原因他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。为啥不开森的呢？为啥不开森的呢？3.I dont know the reason _ he looks unhappy.A.that B.why C.for which D./BC3.why作定从的原因状语作定从的原因状语指原因指原

13、因,在从句中表示在从句中表示因为因为.原因原因=for which先行词为先行词为reasonI disapprove the reasons _ he came up with.A.that B.why C.for which D./AD 因此先行词虽然为因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用则只能用that/which我的宾语呢？4.以以way为先行词的定语从句问题。为先行词的定语从句问题。I dont like the way _ he talked to his mother.I dont like the way

14、_ he chose to do it.A.that B.in which C./D.howABCACwayway方式，方式，方法方法1.1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用用thatthat或者或者in whichin which且可以略。且可以略。2.2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用语，用thatthat或或whichwhich 指地点指地点指时间指时间指原因指原因相当于相当于wherewhenwhy关系副词关系副词的用法的用法关系副词关系副词在从句中可以：在从句中可以：特别说明：关系副词不可以省略特别说明：关系副词不可以省略in/on

15、whichin/onwhichfor which解题解题方法和技巧方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是地点还是reason,way。1.She looked at Jeff_ was waving his arms.2.The girl _ leg was broken in the earthq

16、uake was taken to hospital.3.And there she saw a wall of water _ was quickly advancing towards her.A.who B.that C.whose D.which1 1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2 2、再看先行词。、再看先行词。ABCBD定语从句使用中的特殊情况定语从句使用中的特殊情况A A、只能用只能用thatthat的情况：的情况：1.1.不定不定（先行（先行词是词是something,anything,all,nothingsomething,anythi

17、ng,all,nothing等不定等不定代词或被代词或被all,little,some,any,every,no,muchall,little,some,any,every,no,much等修饰时。）等修饰时。）Is there Is there anything thatanything that I can do for you I can do for you?All that All that can be eaten has been eaten.can be eaten has been eaten.2.The2.The结构结构（当当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者先行词被序

18、数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被被,all,the very,the only,the just,all,the very,the only,the just修饰时修饰时。）。）This is This is the best film thatthe best film that I have ever seen I have ever seen.3.3.先行词既有物又有人时。先行词既有物又有人时。He spoke of He spoke of the persons and thingsthe persons and things thatthat he had seen abroad.he

19、 had seen abroad.定语从句使用中的特殊情况定语从句使用中的特殊情况A A、只能用只能用thatthat的情况：的情况：4.4.主句是以主句是以whichwhich或或whowho，whatwhat开头时开头时WhichWhich is the hotel is the hotel thatthat he stayed at?he stayed at?WhoWho is the man is the man thatthat your are talking with?your are talking with?5.5.在系表结构之后时在系表结构之后时China China is

20、 not the country is not the country thatthat it was.it was.B B、不用不用thatthat的情况：的情况：1.1.介词后禁用关系词介词后禁用关系词thatthat。I heard of the man,I heard of the man,about whomabout whom he he talked.talked.2.2.非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。She was late again,She was late again,whichwhich made me made me unhappy.unhappy.定语从句使用

21、中的特殊情况定语从句使用中的特殊情况about that(X)about that(X)that(X)that(X)C C、that that 与与 as as 的区别的区别He is wearing the same suit _ John wore yesterday.He is wearing the same suit _ he wore last week.He is such a cute kid _ everyone likes him so much.He is such a cute kid _ everyone likes so much.定语从句使用中的特殊情况定语从句使

22、用中的特殊情况asthatthatas一样的两件衣一样的两件衣服服同一件衣同一件衣服服that that 引导的是结果状语从句引导的是结果状语从句as as 引导的是定语从句引导的是定语从句类似的结构还有类似的结构还有soassoasD D、that that 与与 who who、whom whom 的区别的区别I hate those _ speak with their mouth full.The man _ youre speaking with is my uncle.The man with_ youre speaking is my uncle.定语从句使用中的特殊情况定语从句

23、使用中的特殊情况whowhom/who/that/不填不填 whomthose 作先行词，定语从句指人的关系代词只能用作先行词，定语从句指人的关系代词只能用who介词之后指人的关系代词只能用介词之后指人的关系代词只能用whom,不可用不可用who或或that 地点模糊的先行词后跟地点模糊的先行词后跟where引导定语从句。引导定语从句。这种先行词有：这种先行词有：point,situation,condition,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等。We are just reaching a point where both

24、 sides will sit down together and talk.定语从句使用中的特殊情况定语从句使用中的特殊情况E E、一般使用、一般使用wherewhere引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况探究性学习探究性学习介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?可见可见,who,who、that that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关

25、系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3He lives in a lonely village.At the back of it is a hill.He lives in a lovely village,at the back of _ is a hill.He has three sisters.All of them are abroad.He has three sisters,all of _ are abroad.whichwhomJoin the following sentences:介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 Is this the watch that you ar

26、e looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.特别说明：在特别说明：在固定短语中介词不能提前固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?3.3.固定动词或介词短语搭配固定动词或介词短语搭配1.Do you like the book she spent$10?2.Do you like the book she paid$10?3.Do you like the book she learned a lot?4.Do you like the book she often talks?5.He

27、 built a telescope he could study the skies.6.There is a tall tree outside,stands our teacher.7.China has a lot of rivers,the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8.The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10.He paid

28、 the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many

29、reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.on the day=on which=whenin the house=in which=wherefor the reasons=for which=whyin the way=that=in which关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I w

30、ent to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _he was late.6.This is the reason _he gave.when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词on whichin whichfor whichn1.When I arrived,Bryan took me to se

31、e the house _ I would be staying.n2.Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.n3.He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.n4.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affacted.where(in the h

32、ouse)/in whichwho(in the letter)where/in which(所属关系所属关系)whose*5.The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.*6.My mother and her old friends talked of some things and people _ they remembered in the school.*7.The reason _ we succeed was _ we had a group with a strong sp

33、irit of innovation and teamwork.定语从句后置定语从句后置when先行词有人又有物先行词有人又有物thatwhythatn7.I am so glad that this is the very novel _ I have been looking for.n8.Thats all _ I want to tell you.n9.If there is anything _ I forget,could you please remind me?n10.I shall thank you for everything _ you have done to help me.n11.Dont set down every word _ I said in the class.n12.You said that we could go there by bus and that is the point _ I can not agree with you.thatthatthatthatthatwhere