Unit4 Discovering uesful structures （ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、定语从句定语从句restrictirestrictive ve relative relative clausesclauses 定语定语形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语1.什么定语？什么定语？非谓语动词非谓语动词从句从句(定语从句定语从句）She is a beautiful girl.Amy is a woman teacher.The girl in red is my sister.I have something to say.The boy making face is my son.Japan is a developed country.I like people who

2、smiles a lot.定语：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，常译为定语：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，常译为“的的”什么可以什么可以做定语做定语定语从句定语从句定义定义结构结构定语从句定语从句2.2.什么定语从句什么定语从句？关系词关系词修饰名词或代词的句子修饰名词或代词的句子先行词先行词关系词关系词被修饰的名词或代词引导定语从句的关联词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that which who whom whose aswhen where why He is Han Haolin who plays the role of little Fanxian.Do you know who

3、is he?He is Han haolin He plays the role of little Fanxian.He is Han haolin,who plays the role of little Fanxian.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句+指代先行词指代先行词连接主句和从句连接主句和从句在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分定语从句的构成定语从句的构成 定语从句可以分为定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句。(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的

4、关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省略。*Shanghai is a city(that)Ive always wanted to visit.上海是我一直想参观的城市。上海是我一直想参观的城市。3.3.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类(2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词它只是对先行词作附加补充说明作附加补充说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思仍然主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切从句与主句的关系不是很密切,书写时往书写时往往用逗号往用逗号分开分开。非限制性定语从句不用。非限制性定语从句不用

5、that引导。引导。*The old woman,who lives on her own,has a cat for company.这个这个老妇人一个人住老妇人一个人住,养了一只猫陪伴她。养了一只猫陪伴她。3.3.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类02关系代词关系代词引引导的定语从导的定语从句句关系代词关系代词先行词先行词在句子所做的成分在句子所做的成分主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语物物人人主语、宾语主语、宾语人人人、物人、物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语人、物人、物主语、宾语主语、宾语宾语宾语人、物人、物定语定语thatwhichwho whomwhoseas定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关

6、系代词that which先行词是先行词是人人物物-在从句中在从句中充当主充当主宾宾表表A plane is a machine that can fly.Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.先行词是先行词是物物-在从句中在从句中充当主充当主宾宾They planted the trees which didnt need much water.关系代词He finally worked out the problem _ puzzled him for a long time.他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。他最后解出

7、了这个令他困惑很久的问题。The fish _ we bought yesterday were not fresh.我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。thatwhich（thatwhich）1.1.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 that/whichHe _ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。This is the famous scientist _ we visited last week.这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。关系代词2.2.关系代

8、词的用法之关系代词的用法之 who/whomwhowhom先行词是先行词是人人-在从句中在从句中充当主充当主宾宾The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.先行词是先行词是人人-在从句中在从句中充当宾充当宾The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.who（whowhom）whoseas先行词是先行词是人人物物-在从句中在从句中定语定语，表所属关系，表所属关系This is the boy whose composition the teacher liked.This

9、is the book whose cover is blue.修饰句子修饰句子，代替整个主句内容，代替整个主句内容-正如正如As is known,China is a very big country.关系代词3.3.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 whose/asThey rushed over to help the man _ car broke down.他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。There is a mountain _ top is always covered with snow有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山_ e

10、veryone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.正如正如每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。whosewhoseAs1.as既可指既可指人也可指物人也可指物，在定语从句中可作，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语。它常用在它常用在 the sameas，suchas 等结构中，等结构中，as不能省略不能省略。Such reasons _we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.Ill

11、 buy the same dictionary_ you have.关系代词关系代词asas引导的定语从句引导的定语从句as as2.as引导引导非限制性非限制性定语从句，代替定语从句，代替整个主句整个主句的内容，从句的内容，从句 可放在可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间主句前、主句后或主句中间。（1）As you know,she is a stubborn girl,and I cant persuade her to change her mind.（2）My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days,_ is often

12、 the case with old peopleasas引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：as we all knowas is well knownas you seeas we expectas often happensas I can rememberas has been said beforeas can be seenas is often the case众所周知众所周知众所周知众所周知如你所见如你所见正如我们预料的那样正如我们预料的那样正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样正如我所记得的正如我所记得的如前所述如前所述正如所见正如所见这是常

13、有的事这是常有的事1.当先行词被当先行词被 the same 修饰时，也可用修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句引导定语从句，但指但指同一物同一物，而不是同一类。，而不是同一类。This is the same bike_ l lost two months ago.这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。This is the same bike _l lost two months ago这辆自行跟两个月前我去的那辆一样。这辆自行跟两个月前我去的那辆一样。误区警示误区警示thatas(同一辆自行车同一辆自行车)(同样的自行车，但不是同一辆同样的自行车，但不是同一辆)2

14、.关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关亲代词所替代的名词不能再出现关亲代词所替代的名词或代词。或代词。昨天晚上我们看的两部电影非常吓人昨天晚上我们看的两部电影非常吓人The film that/which we saw it last night was very frightening.The film(that/which)we saw last night was very frightening.误区警示误区警示3.关亲代词在关亲代词在从句中作主语时不能省略从句中作主

15、语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略作宾语时可以省略。Is that the girl_ you spoke of the other day.那就是你前几天所提的女孩吗那就是你前几天所提的女孩吗?(whom/who/that)1.当先行词被当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。The first thing _you should do is call the police right away.This is the most delicious food _ I have ever had.2.当先行词是当先行词是all，any，little，few，much，ev

16、er，anything，nothing，none 等等不定代词不定代词或被这些词修饰时。或被这些词修饰时。All _can be done has been done.Tell me everything _ you knowPlease send us any information _you have about the subject.that that that that that 宜用宜用that不宜用不宜用which引导定语从句的情引导定语从句的情况况3.当先行词被由当先行词被由 the only，the very，the last，the same等修饰时。等修饰时。The on

17、ly thing _ she could do was to go to the Police for help.This is the very book _I want to buy.4.当先行词既当先行词既包括人又包括物包括人又包括物时。时。Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things _upset us.that that that 宜用宜用that不宜用不宜用which引导定语从句的情引导定语从句的情况况5.当当主句主句是以是以which开头开头的特殊疑问句时。的特殊疑问句时。Which of the books _ you bo

18、ught is the most useful for my writing?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用?that 宜用宜用that不宜用不宜用which引导定语从句的情引导定语从句的情况况1.引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,_is an interesting game,is very popular all over the world足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界非常受欢迎。足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界非常受欢迎。2.当关系代词前有介词时当关系代词前有介词时。This is the house in _ Mo Yan

19、 once lived 这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。whichwhich宜用宜用which不宜用不宜用that引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况1.关系代词在关系代词在从句中作主语从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据 _的形式确定的形式确定.The old town has narrow streets and small houses that_ built close to each other.旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近。旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近。Im fond of that piece of mu

20、sic which _popular with the teenage.我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。先行词先行词are is 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致 one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(复数谓语复数谓语 )the only one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(单数谓语单数谓语 )2.He is one of the students who_ a good command of French.他是精通法语的学生之他是精通法语的学生之。He is the only one of the students who_

21、a good command of French.他是学生中唯一精通法语的。他是学生中唯一精通法语的。havehas定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致03Exercises1.The Tangshan earthquake is a terrible experience that my grandma cannot forget.2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster

22、area were collected from around the country.Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below What function do the restrictive relative clauses have?4.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 201

23、6 earthquake in Ecuador.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ha

24、d been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.that或或whichthat或或/who或或thatwhose5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings.who或或thatwhomwhose