Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Discovering Useful Structures 同步（ppt课件） -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 1Cultural HeritageSection Discovering Useful Structures走近新课走近新课一起感知一起感知语法探究语法探究一起思考一起思考 走近新课走近新课一起感知一起感知一、阅读下列格言一、阅读下列格言,体会其中的定语从句体会其中的定语从句He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。谁笑得最好。Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事世上无难事,只怕有心人。只怕有心人。二、阅读下列句子二、阅读下

2、列句子,用下划线标出其中的定语从句用下划线标出其中的定语从句1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.2.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.3.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem,an

3、d citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.4.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.5.Not only had the countries found a path to the

4、future that did not run over the relics of the past,but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.6.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO,which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappear

5、ing.语法探究语法探究一起思考一起思考词汇讲解词汇讲解1.He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.(page 6)他向我们解释了建造这样一个复杂的建筑物的过程。他向我们解释了建造这样一个复杂的建筑物的过程。process n.过程过程;进程进程;步骤步骤vt.处理处理;加工加工I think the process is more important than the result.我认为过程比结果更重要。我认为过程比结果更重要。He hurt his hand in the process

6、of moving the furniture.他在搬动家具的过程中手受了伤。他在搬动家具的过程中手受了伤。Life itself is a learning process.生活本身就是一个学习的过程。生活本身就是一个学习的过程。The information will be processed by computers.这种信息将交给计算机处理这种信息将交给计算机处理。【合作探究】【合作探究】说一说说一说勤归纳勤归纳in the process of在在的过程的过程中中【即学即用】【即学即用】单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)He is so busy that he usually buys

7、 _(process)food.(2)Losing weight is _slow process.翻译句子翻译句子(3)Studies have shown that the right ear and the left ear process sound differently.processeda研究表明研究表明,左耳和右耳处理声音的方式不同左耳和右耳处理声音的方式不同。2.An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.(page 6)出口就是你离开一栋大楼所经过的门。出口就是你离开一栋大楼所经过的门。e

8、xit n.出口出口;通道通道vi.&vt.出去出去;离去离去There is a fire exit on each floor of the building.这栋建筑每层楼都有个消防通道。这栋建筑每层楼都有个消防通道。We exited through a fire door.我们通过一个防火安全门出去。我们通过一个防火安全门出去。【合作探究】【合作探究】记一记记一记长知识长知识反义词反义词:entrance n.入口入口;进入进入the entrance of/to.的入口的入口make ones entrance入场入场;进入进入看一看看一看助记忆助记忆【即学即用】【即学即用】翻译下

9、列词组翻译下列词组(1)a fire exit_(2)an emergency exit_(3)make an exit_单句语法填空单句语法填空(4)He exited _a side window.(5)Lets meet at the main entrance _the school.消防通道消防通道紧急出口紧急出口离开离开through/fromof/to翻译句子翻译句子(6)Leave the roundabout at the second exit.在第二个出口处驶离环岛。在第二个出口处驶离环岛。语法讲解语法讲解知识脉络知识脉络语法精讲语法精讲定语从句定语从句在复合句中在复合句

10、中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词从句修饰的词叫作先行词;引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词可分为关系代词关系词可分为关系代词,如如that,which,who,whom,whose等等,在在从句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语从句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语;关系副词关系副词,如如when,where,why等等,在从句中做状语。关系代词做宾语时一在从句中做状语。关系代词做宾语时一般可以省略。般可以省略。一、关系代词引导的定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语或

11、宾语。在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。The man(who)we invited to the party is Professor Smith.我们邀请参加聚会的人是史密斯教授。我们邀请参加聚会的人是史密斯教授。2.whom指人指人,在定语从句中做宾语在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略常可省略,在口语中也可在口语中也可用用who代替代替whom。The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our new English teacher.刚才你看到的那个人是我们的新英语老师。刚才你看到的那个人是我们的新英语老师。3.whose既可指人既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词也可

12、指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从与先行词构成从属关系属关系,在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen down.没人想要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。没人想要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。4.which指物指物,在定语从句中可做主语或宾语。做宾语时可在定语从句中可做主语或宾语。做宾语时可省略。省略。Guilin is a city whic

13、h has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一座有着两千年历史的城市。桂林是一座有着两千年历史的城市。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which)he had lost on the train.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。非常高兴。5.that既指人既指人,又指物又指物,在从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时可在从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时可省略。省略。There is a film(that)Id like to see.有一部我想看的电影。

14、有一部我想看的电影。【合作探究】【合作探究】记一记记一记长知识长知识(1)关系代词多用关系代词多用that而较少用而较少用which的情况的情况先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词(all,nothing,the one,much等等)或被不定或被不定代词修饰时。代词修饰时。Tell us all that you know.告诉告诉我们你所知道的。我们你所知道的。先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。That is the first composition that Ive written in English.那是我用英语写的第一篇作文。那是我用英语写的第一篇作文。

15、先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best that has been used against pollution.被用来防止污染这是最好的。被用来防止污染这是最好的。当人和物同为先行词时。当人和物同为先行词时。Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spaceman that made the flight around the earth.每个人都想看到围绕地球飞行的宇宙飞船和宇航员每个人都想看到围绕地球飞行的宇宙飞船和宇航员。先行词被先行词被only,the s

16、ame,the very等修饰时。等修饰时。That is the very pen(that)I am looking for.那正是我正在找的钢笔。那正是我正在找的钢笔。当主句是当主句是which引导的特殊疑问句时。引导的特殊疑问句时。Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?你养的这两头奶牛哪一头产奶多你养的这两头奶牛哪一头产奶多?定语从句中又包含一个定语从句定语从句中又包含一个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用其中一个关系代词已用which时。时。He built a factory which produced thin

17、gs that had never been seen before.他建立了一个工厂生产以前从没见过的东西。他建立了一个工厂生产以前从没见过的东西。(2)关系代词只能用关系代词只能用which而不用而不用that的情况的情况关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(即介词后即介词后)。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子已经变成了一家鞋店。我过去住的房子已经变成了一家鞋店。在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book The Three Muskete

18、ers,which was written by Alexandre Dumas?你读过大仲马写的三个火枪手吗你读过大仲马写的三个火枪手吗?(3)关系代词做动词的间接宾语时关系代词做动词的间接宾语时,用用to或或for。Do you want a friend whom you can tell everything to?你想拥有一个无话不谈的朋友吗你想拥有一个无话不谈的朋友吗?二、关系副词二、关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.when指时间指时间,在从句中做时间状语。在从句中做时间状语。Do you still remember the day when

19、we first met?你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗?I still remember the time when we visited the farm.我仍然记得我们参观农场的日子。我仍然记得我们参观农场的日子。2.where 指地点指地点,在从句中做地点状语。在从句中做地点状语。This is the house where he lived three months ago.这是他三个月前住过的房子。这是他三个月前住过的房子。They will fly to Kunming,where they plan to stay for two or thre

20、e days.他们将乘飞机到昆明他们将乘飞机到昆明,在那儿计划待两三天。在那儿计划待两三天。3.why表示原因表示原因,在从句中做原因状语。在从句中做原因状语。The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到的原因是他错过了火车。他迟到的原因是他错过了火车。三、三、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句在在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用关系代词只能用which或或whom。先行词指物时。先行词指物时,用用which;先行词指人时先行词指人时,用用whom。在

21、这个结构中。在这个结构中,介词的使用原则是介词的使用原则是:1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来选用介词。根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来选用介词。这就是我花了这就是我花了8元钱买的书元钱买的书。2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来选用介词根据先行词的搭配习惯来选用介词。3.表示表示“所属所属”关系或关系或“整体中的一部分整体中的一部分”时用时用of。The old woman has three sons,two of whom are doctors.这位老太太有三个儿子这位老太太有三个儿子,其中两个是医生。其中两个是医生。【合作探究】【合作探究】记一记记一记长知识长知识定语从句的谓语如果是以介

22、词结尾的短语动词定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词,则不可把介则不可把介词移至从句之首。词移至从句之首。The day he looked forward to finally came.()The day to which he looked forward finally came.()四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1.在句中的作用不同在句中的作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词使该词的含义更具体、更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略的含义更具体、更明确。限制性定语从

23、句不能被省略,否则否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切切,只是对其做一些附加说明只是对其做一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句去掉限制性定语从句去掉,也不会影响先行词的明确性。也不会影响先行词的明确性。2.外在表现形式不同外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。所以可

24、用逗号将其与主句隔开。Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟表是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。钟表是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。This is the place where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。这就是他过去居住的地方。Mr Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend o

25、f mine.张先生昨天来看我张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位老朋友。他是我的一位老朋友。We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。村民们正在那里赶集。【合作探究】【合作探究】说一说说一说勤归纳勤归纳在前三个例句中在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定为限制性定语从句语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语定语从句与先行词关系不密切从句与先

26、行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将可用逗号将其与主句隔开。其与主句隔开。【即学即用】【即学即用】一、用一、用that,which,who,whom,whose填空填空1.The earthquake _hit the city three years ago was the biggest in the country.2.We dont know the number of people _lost their homes in the disaster.3.Those _want to go to the English party must be at th

27、e school gate by 7:30 p.m.that/whichthat/whowho4.Do you have anything _you dont understand?5.Ive read all the books _you lent me.6.The first museum _he visited in China was the History Museum.7.Do you know the man _they are talking about?8.The film _you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomor

28、row.thatthatthatwho/that/whomthat/which9.He asked about the factories and workers _we had just visited.10.The building _doors are green is an office building.thatwhose二、完成句子二、完成句子1.刚才与我说话的女孩是我的同学。刚才与我说话的女孩是我的同学。The girl _just now is my classmate.2.我们昨天看的那部电影很有趣。我们昨天看的那部电影很有趣。The film _is very interesting.3.这个问题取决于你问谁。这个问题取决于你问谁。It depends on _.4.汤姆就是那名父亲死于地震的男孩。汤姆就是那名父亲死于地震的男孩。Tom is the boy _in the earthquake.who/that spoke to methat/which we saw yesterdaywhom you askwhose father died