定语从句在写作中的应用概要课件.ppt

1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句在写作中的运用定语从句在写作中的运用What is the Attributive clause?在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句复习I have a friend先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句The book that you bought is very interesting.定语从句：定语从句：一个句子作定语。一个句子作定语。先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的

2、词引导定语从句的词翻译：翻译：.的的（翻译在先行词的前面）（翻译在先行词的前面）who is good at singing.定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词who whom that which whose aswhen where why关系词关系词非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与主句用与主句用逗号隔开逗号隔开,不可用不可用that引导且关系代词引

3、导且关系代词不可以省不可以省略，可用略，可用which/as代替整个主句代替整个主句。注意事项：注意事项：l1.关系词分为_和_.l2.关系词作用：l_l_l_先行词 成分所用关系词关系代词关系副词引导从句代替先行词充当成分who/thatWhom/that/who/可省which/thatthat/which/可省WhosewhereWhenWhy人主人宾物主宾定状语状语状语物人或物地点时间the reason1.I know the man _is working over there.2.The boy _ I saw yesterday lives in another town.3.

4、The boy _John is speaking is my brother.4.I know the boy _ father is a teacher who/thatwhose(who/whom/that)with whom5.They planted the trees _ didnt need much water 6.The fish _ we bought were not fresh 7.This is the mountain _ I told you.8.We are living in a building _doors face south.that/which(th

5、at/which)about whichwhose9.I like the house _we live now.10.I remember the day _China was founded.11.This is the reason _Tom was late.wherewhenwhy12.I saw a woman _bag was stolen.13.The reason _he was late was that he got up late.14.I still remember the day _I first came to Beijing.15.It is an impor

6、tant day _ I will never forget.16.The park _ they paid a visit to is beautiful.whosewhywhenwhichwhichl17.His father,_ works in Beijing,came l back yesterday.l18.Shanghai,_is in East China,is l developing quickly.l19.My mother,_ you met last year,l keeps telling me not to take them becausel they are

7、dangerous.l20.He failed in the examexam,_ made his parents angry.whowhichwhomwhichl关系代词关系代词as与与which引导非限制性定语从引导非限制性定语从句的区别句的区别.l1.位置位置:as从句可在从句可在主句前或主句后主句前或主句后,而而which从句只可在从句只可在主句后主句后.2.意义意义:as从句常是一些固定结构从句常是一些固定结构,(如如as is known to all,as we expected,as everybody knows等等,而且译为而且译为”正如正如.,恰如恰如”.)which从

8、句多为对主句的一种评价看法从句多为对主句的一种评价看法,或或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系者主从句之间形成一种因果关系.The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round._is known to all is _the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与

9、之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,He failed in the exam,which made his parents angry.As we had expected,he failed in the exam.What thatas 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这

10、本书和我丢的那本这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。一模一样。这本书这本书就是就是我丢的那本。我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sen

11、tences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)定语从句与并列句的区别：1.The old man has two sons.Both of _are doctors.2.The old man has two sons,and both of _ are doctors.3.The old man has two sons,both of _are doctors.themthemwhom重点重点:介词介词+关系代词关系

12、代词提醒提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键 是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与介词介词的的习惯搭配习惯搭配 或或先行词先行词与与介词介词的习惯搭配的习惯搭配1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.with whomin which2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.当遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组当遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置主体，不作前置 Is this the boo

13、k(which/that)you are looking for?注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引出。此时关系代词只能用出。此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom;不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替1.介词介词+关系代词关系代词=关系副词关系副词on which=whenin which=wherefor which=whyWell never forget the day _ we join the Party.Tom lives in a town _there are ma

14、ny cultural events.Finding a job as a singer was the reason _I moved.方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑逻辑关系关系This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher_ is a famous doctor.2.名词名词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词the daughter of whomlRecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase（花瓶）,_wasveryreasonab

15、le（合理的）.lA.whichpricelB.thepriceofwhichlC.itspricelD.thepriceofwhoselWe have three foreign teachers,_are from Canada.(其中的两其中的两个）个）3.数词数词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数和含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）百分数）two of whomlThefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.lA.ofwhichlB.whichoflC.ofthemlD.oft

16、hat4.代词代词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词（代词有（代词有all,both,none,neither,either,some,any等）等）The old woman has two sons,_ are teachers.（两个都是）两个都是）both of whomlLastweek,twopersonscametoseethehouse,_wantedtobuyit.lA.bothoftheylB.neitherofwhomlC.bothofthemlD.allofwhom5.形容词最高级形容词最高级+介词介词+关系代词关系代词China has thousands of islan

17、ds,_ is Taiwan Island.（其中最大的）其中最大的）the largest of whichlTherearetwobuildings,_standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.lA.thelargerlB.thelargerofthemlC.thelargeronethatlD.thelargerofwhich1.She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed w

18、ith him in Beijing.A综合练习综合练习2.I，_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D3.Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC、what D、asB4.His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD5.

19、There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of them B、either of themC、all of which D、both of that6.I bought some books from the bookstore,five_were English novels.A.of which B.whichC.that D.in whichCA7.(06浙江浙江)I was given three books on cooking,the first _I really enjoy

20、ed.A.of that B.of which C.that D.whichB8.The watches which _ repaired last week have not been sent back.A.was B.is C.were D.are C9.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them10.改错：改错：I have

21、two sons,both of them enjoy English.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CDthem改为改为whomboth前加前加and强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别：强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别：1.It was in 1921 that our Party was founded.2.It was 1921 when our Party was founded.3.It was at the street corner that I met Lucy yesterday.4.It was the street corner where I

22、 met Lucy yesterday.3.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?A.that B.in which C.in where D.which1.It was on the farm _ we practised planting crops.2.It was the farm _ we learned a lot.thatwhere4.It was yesterday when we chatted a lot on line.(改错）改错）5.It was at there that Tom was killed yeste

23、rday.(改错）改错）Test:thatat(强调句式强调句式)(其他从句其他从句)They finished the experiment in the lab that which was set up by Mr Smith.强调句型中含有定语从句强调句型中含有定语从句 定语从句定语从句It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment.强调句型中含有定语从句强调句型中含有定语从句 1.It was in the small house was built with stones

24、 by his father he spent his childhood.A.which that B.that where C.which which D.that which2.It was playing computer games cost the boy plenty of time he ought to have spent doing his lessons.that which 3.Where did you meet Tom?-It was at the hotel _he stayed.领会领会wherethat I met Tom.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从

25、句与定语从句的区别:相同点：从句前都是名词。相同点：从句前都是名词。不同点：不同点：1.同位语从句同位语从句用以解释、说明名词的内容用以解释、说明名词的内容 定语从句定语从句用以修饰、限定名词或代词用以修饰、限定名词或代词 2.同位语从句同位语从句中引导词再从句中中引导词再从句中不做成分，不做成分，不可省不可省 定语从句定语从句中关系词替代前面的名词或代中关系词替代前面的名词或代词，词，在从句中做成分，做宾语时可省略。在从句中做成分，做宾语时可省略。注意3.同位语从句的引导词不可省略同位语从句的引导词不可省略;定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。The ne

26、ws that he died is true.The news is true.That he died is true.他死了这个消息是真的。他死了这个消息是真的。The news(that)he told me is exciting.他告诉我的这个消息很振奋人心。填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1)The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all.2)We were surprised by the fact _ she told us.3)The next thing _

27、 must be done is to make a plan.4)Word came _ our army had won the battle.5)Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.that同同that/which定定that定定that同同that同同改错练习改错练习1 The watch that my father gave it to me was made in Shanghai.2 He wrote a lot of novels,most of them were po

28、pular.3 He is the only one of the teachers who know Japanese.4 1949 was the year when marked the beginning of the new life.5 The house which windows were damaged has been repaired.6 It was the bus stop that I met her.7 That was the reason why he gave me yesterday.whichknowswhichwhosewhereatwhich8.Id

29、ontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.9.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.10.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.11.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.12Thefactorywhereweworkedtherelastyearwasbuiltin2000.13IoftenthinkofthedayswhenIspentwithhim.14Canyoushowmethebookwh

30、ichwerewrittenbyyourfriend?15Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacesouth.whichfacesthatinitthat was总结：总结：1.正确使用关系代词（作主语、宾语、定语或表语）正确使用关系代词（作主语、宾语、定语或表语）和关系副词（作状语）和关系副词（作状语）2.先行词在从句中不能重复出现。先行词在从句中不能重复出现。3.注意定语从句中谓语动词的单复数。（看先行词）注意定语从句中谓语动词的单复数。（看先行词）4.注意强调句与定语从句的区分。注意强调句与定语从句的区分。5.注意定语从句中介词注意定语从句中介词+关系词用法中介词的选择

31、。关系词用法中介词的选择。用定语从句翻译短语和句子用定语从句翻译短语和句子1.一个叫做一个叫做Tom的男孩的男孩a boy who is called Tom 3.教我们英语的老师教我们英语的老师the teacher who teaches us English 2.我认识一个叫做Tom的男孩。I know a boy who is called Tom.4.教我英语的老师来自于美国。教我英语的老师来自于美国。The teacher who teaches us English comes from American 5.昨天我妈妈给我的钱昨天我妈妈给我的钱the money that my

32、 mother gave me yesterday 7.矗立在河边的楼房矗立在河边的楼房The building which stands by the river6.我丢了昨天妈妈给我的钱我丢了昨天妈妈给我的钱I lost the money that my mother gave me yesterday.8.矗立在河边的楼房是我们的学校。矗立在河边的楼房是我们的学校。The building which stands by the river is our school.9.那位皮包被偷了的女士那位皮包被偷了的女士 the woman whose bag was stolen10.那位皮

33、包被偷了的女士报了警。那位皮包被偷了的女士报了警。The woman whose bag was stolen called the police.11.我们在农场工作的开心日子我们在农场工作的开心日子the happy time when we worked on the farm 12.我们永远无法忘记我们在农场工作的开心日子。我们永远无法忘记我们在农场工作的开心日子。We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm 13.她工作的工厂她工作的工厂the factory where she works14.我们昨天

34、参观了她工作的工厂。我们昨天参观了她工作的工厂。We visited the factory where she works yesterday.15.她没有去学校的原因她没有去学校的原因the reason why she didnt go to school16.她没有去学校的原因是她病了。她没有去学校的原因是她病了。The reason why she didnt go to school was that she was ill.17.汤姆又迟到了，这使老师很生气。汤姆又迟到了，这使老师很生气。Tom was late again,which made the teacher angr

35、y.18.玛丽在英语竞赛中获得第一名，这使他父母很高兴。玛丽在英语竞赛中获得第一名，这使他父母很高兴。Mary won the first place in the English Competition,which made her parents very happy.翻译下列句子翻译下列句子1.不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.2.她上周买的房子非常好看。她上周买的房子非常好看。The house,which she bought last wee

36、k,is very nice.3.这就是他爸爸工作的地方。这就是他爸爸工作的地方。This is the place where his father works.4.你们已经取得了很大的进你们已经取得了很大的进 步，这使老师非常高兴步，这使老师非常高兴.You have made great progress,which makes your teacher very happy.5.众所周知，他是一个好学生。众所周知，他是一个好学生。As is well-known,he is a good student.It is well-known that he is a good studen

37、t.What is well-known is that he is a good student.6.北京是中国的首都，它是一座北京是中国的首都，它是一座 美丽的城市。美丽的城市。Beijing,which is the capital city of China,is a very beautiful city.7.鲁迅的原名鲁迅的原名(real name)是周树是周树人。在他的一生中他写了很多小人。在他的一生中他写了很多小说和散文（说和散文（prose)Luxun,whose real name is ZhouShuren,wrote many novels and proses in

38、his whole life.1 我喜欢父亲买的书2 我母亲工作的工厂离我们家不远3 我救了那只腿坏了的鸟4 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子5 警察问他他谋杀那个人的原因6 正在游泳的男孩是我的弟弟7 中国成立的那一天是1949年10月1日翻译翻译8.杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了3年年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，而且中文也讲的很不错。他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，而且中文也讲的很不错。Jack is from Canada.He has studied in our school for three years.He often helps us

39、learn English.He speaks Chinese very well.Jack who comes from Canada is a student of our school.It is three years since he came to our school.He often helps us learn English,and he speaks Chinese very well.Jack comes from Canada.He is a student of our school where he has studied for 3 years.Not only

40、 does he often help us learn English but he speaks Chinese fluently as well.这是我国一家生产小轿车的大型厂家，始建于20世纪50年代。过去，这家汽车厂出产的小汽车只在国内销售。随着科学技术的发展，这家汽车厂生产的轿车质量越来越好，品种多样，而且，这些轿车省油，价格合理。因此受到国内外市场的广泛青睐。This is a large car factory producing cars,which was built in the 1950s.In the past,however,what they made was just sold at home.With the development of science and technology,this factory makes a variety of cars,which,of course,are of high quality.Whats more,the cars they make not only save oil but also have a reasonable price.Thats why they are popular both at home and abroad.