最新人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 3 4复习课件.ppt

1、八年级下册八年级下册Units 3-4.单词单词分类记忆分类记忆【核心速记核心速记】不可不记不可不记1._(n.)垃圾垃圾;废弃物废弃物2._(v.)扫扫;打扫打扫3._(n.)杂乱杂乱;不整洁不整洁4._(v.)扔扔;掷掷5._(v.)给给;递递;走过走过;通过通过6._(n.)浪费浪费;垃圾垃圾 (v.)浪费浪费;滥用滥用rubbishsweepmessthrowpasswaste7._(v.)提供提供;供应供应8._(v.)发展发展;壮大壮大9._(n.)协议协议;交易交易10._(adj.)焦虑的焦虑的;担忧的担忧的11._(v.)解释解释;说明说明12._(v.)造成造成;引起引起p

2、rovidedevelopdealnervousexplaincause【联想串记联想串记】不可不知不可不知1.independent(adj.)_(n.)独立独立2.fair(adj.)_(adj.反义词反义词)不合理的不合理的;不公平的不公平的 _(n.)公正性公正性;合理性合理性3.right(adj.)_(adj.反义词反义词)有毛病的有毛病的;错误的错误的municate(v.)_(n.)交流交流;沟通沟通5.old(adj.)_(比较级比较级)更老的更老的;更旧的更旧的 _(比较级比较级)年纪较长的年纪较长的independenceunfairfairnesswrongcommun

3、icationolderelder6.second(num.)_(adv.)第二第二;其次其次7.press(v.)_(n.)压力压力8.quick(adj.)_(adv.)快地快地,迅速地迅速地9.develop(v.)_(n.)发展发展;发育发育secondlypressurequicklydevelopment.短语短语双语互译双语互译1.频繁频繁;反复反复 _ the time2.一一就就;尽快尽快 _ soon _3.目的是目的是;为了为了 in order _4.给某人提供某物给某人提供某物 provide sb._ sth.provide sth._ sb.offer sth._

4、 sb.5.快速查看快速查看;浏览浏览 look _6.成功地发展成功地发展;解决解决 work _allasastowithfortothroughout7.和睦相处和睦相处 get on _8.和某人为某事争吵和某人为某事争吵 argue _ sb._ sth.9.删除删除;删去删去 cut _10.比较比较;对比对比 compare._11.take out the rubbish _12.take care of _13.in ones opinion _withwithaboutoutwith倒垃圾倒垃圾照顾照顾;处理处理依依看看.句型句型超级填写超级填写1.彼得彼得,请你把垃圾倒掉

5、好吗请你把垃圾倒掉好吗?Peter,_ take out the rubbish?2.怎么了怎么了?_?3.你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢?_ go to sleep earlier this evening?could you pleaseWhats wrongWhy dont you4.然而然而,疲惫的孩子们直到晚上七点之后才到家。疲惫的孩子们直到晚上七点之后才到家。However,the tired children _ get home _after7:00 p.m.5.我认为那不公平。我认为那不公平。I _ thats fair.dontuntildont th

6、ink【核心词汇核心词汇】1.lend v.借给借给;借出借出【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】你能借给我一些钱吗你能借给我一些钱吗?Could you_ me some money?我每个星期都从图书馆借书。我每个星期都从图书馆借书。I_ books_ the library every week.这本书我可以借多长时间这本书我可以借多长时间?How long can I_ the book?答案答案:lendborrow;fromkeep【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】“借借”法不同法不同 lend借出借出非延续性动词非延续性动词,表示主语把东西借给别人表示主语把东西借给别人,常用结构常

7、用结构:lend sb.sth.或或lend sth.to sb.borrow借入借入非延续性动词非延续性动词,表示主语向别人借东西表示主语向别人借东西,常常用结构用结构:borrow sth.from sb.或或borrow ones sth.keep借借(多久多久)延续性动词延续性动词,表示表示“借某物多长时间借某物多长时间”,可可以与以与“for+一段时间一段时间”或或how long连用连用【巧学助记巧学助记】【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014南充中考南充中考)Excuse me,can I _your pen?Sorry,I have _it to Bob.A.borrow

8、;lent B.borrow;borrowedC.lend;borrowed D.lend;lent2.in order to目的是目的是;为了为了【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】为了完成那篇报告为了完成那篇报告,他熬夜到很晚。他熬夜到很晚。_ _ _finish the report,he stayed up late.Many students start work so that they can help provide better lives for their parents.(改为同义句改为同义句)Many students start work_ _ _ help prov

9、ide better lives for their parents.答案答案:In order toin order to【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】in order to用法总结用法总结(1)in order to“为了为了”,可以用于句首或句中可以用于句首或句中,其否定式为其否定式为in order not to。(2)in order to相当于相当于so as to,但是但是so as to多用于否定句中多用于否定句中,其否定式为其否定式为so as not to。(3)in order to和和so as to表示目的时表示目的时,可以转化为可以转化为in order tha

10、t或或so that引引导的目的状语从句。导的目的状语从句。为了赶上早班车为了赶上早班车,他不得不早起。他不得不早起。He has to get up early in order to catch the early bus.He has to get up early in order that he can catch the early bus.He has to get up early so that he can catch the early bus.【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014广东中考广东中考)In order _for the meeting,my sist

11、er forced herself to get up early this morning.A.not to be late B.not being lateC.to be late D.being late【教师备选教师备选】(2012连云港中考连云港中考)A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin_ save“Chinas most beautiful teacher”Ms Zhang Lili.A.so that B.in order toC.in order that D.as a result3.provide v.提供提供;供应供应【填一

12、填填一填 思维激活思维激活】城市为乡村提供电力城市为乡村提供电力,乡村为城市提供蔬菜和粮食。乡村为城市提供蔬菜和粮食。The city _electricity _the country while the country _the city _vegetables and crops.The school library offers plenty of books to us students.(改为同义句改为同义句)=The school library _plenty of books _us students.=The school library _us students _ple

13、nty of books.答案答案:provides;for;provides;withprovides;for;provides;with【辨一辨辨一辨 考点突破考点突破】provide,give和和offer的区别的区别三个词均有三个词均有“供给供给;供应供应”之意之意,区别主要在结构上。区别主要在结构上。【温馨提示温馨提示】若若offer所接的直接宾语和间接宾语都为代词时所接的直接宾语和间接宾语都为代词时,只能用后者。只能用后者。offer it to sb.(代词代词)【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014兰州中考兰州中考)Parents often _their childre

14、n _some good advice.A.offer;with B.offer;/C.provide;with D.both B and C4.allow v.允许允许;准许准许【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们一起闲逛。我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们一起闲逛。My parents dont _me _ _out with my friends.你知道的你知道的,这条河是禁止小孩游泳的。这条河是禁止小孩游泳的。You know the children_ _ _ _swim in this river.他母亲不允许在家里抽烟。他母亲不允许在家里抽烟。His moth

15、er doesnt allow _at home.答案答案:allow;to hangare not allowed tosmoking【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】allow的用法的用法allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事允许做某事be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事被允许做某事【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014呼和浩特中考呼和浩特中考)Why dont you watch TV at home?Id love to,but my mother doesnt allow me _that.

16、A.do B.did C.to do D.doing5.work out成功地发展成功地发展;解决解决【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】希望事情顺利解决。希望事情顺利解决。Hope things work_.他正致力于一项新的发明。他正致力于一项新的发明。He is working _a new invention.答案答案:outat【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】与与work有关的常用短语有关的常用短语 work out算出算出;解决解决代词作宾语置于代词作宾语置于work与与out之间之间work on从事于从事于;对对起作用起作用后接名词、代词或动名词后接名词、代词或动名词work

17、at从事于从事于后接名词、代词或动名词后接名词、代词或动名词(侧重表示侧重表示所从事的工作和性质所从事的工作和性质,而不在于说明而不在于说明正在做什么正在做什么)【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014贵阳中考贵阳中考)This math problem is so hard that I cant_.Please give me some advice.A.look out it B.work it out C.give it out6.get on with和睦相处和睦相处;关系良好关系良好【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】我的问题是我不能与家人和睦相处。我的问题是我不能与家人和睦相处

18、。My problem is that I cant_ _ _my family.Im getting on well with my new classmates.(对画线部分提问对画线部分提问)_ _you getting on with your new classmates?答案答案:get on withHow are【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】get on的用法的用法(1)get on=get along相处相处;进展进展;与与合得来合得来(2)get on/along well with sb.与某人相处得好与某人相处得好(3)get on/along well with

19、sth.某事进展得好某事进展得好(4)How are you getting on/along with sb./sth.?你与某人相处得怎样你与某人相处得怎样?/某事进展如何某事进展如何?【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014兰州中考兰州中考)Good manners can make people _each other.A.get on well with B.get offC.get over D.get pare.with.比较比较;对比对比【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】他们总是拿自己的孩子与别的孩子作比较。他们总是拿自己的孩子与别的孩子作比较。They are alway

20、s _their own children_ other children.We often compare the children _(to/with)happy birds.答案答案:comparing;withto【辨一辨辨一辨 考点突破考点突破】compare的两种搭配的两种搭配 compare.with.把把和和相比相比较较compare.to.把把比比作作【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(苏州中考苏州中考)要是把她和他的家庭作业比较一下要是把她和他的家庭作业比较一下,你就会发现她的要好得你就会发现她的要好得多。多。_答案答案:If you compare her homewor

21、k with his,youll find hers is much better.【重点句型重点句型】1.Peter,could you please take out the rubbish?彼得彼得,请你把垃圾倒掉好吗请你把垃圾倒掉好吗?【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】句式句式常见答语常见答语Could(Can/Would/Will)you please do sth.?表示请求或征表示请求或征求意见求意见(相当于相当于Please do sth.)肯定肯定:Yes,sure./Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem.否定否定:S

22、orry,I cant.I have to./Certainly not./Im afraid not.Could you please not do sth.?常表示委婉批评或建议常表示委婉批评或建议(相当相当于于Dont do sth.)Sorry,I wont do that again.Could I do.?表示请求许可表示请求许可(相当于相当于May I.?)肯定肯定:Sure./Yes,you can.否定否定:Sorry,but you cant/(youd)better not./No,you cant./Sorry,you cant。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】各种各种“请求请求”

23、的表达方式的表达方式【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014泰州中考泰州中考)Could you carry that heavy box for me?_.Im strong enough.A.Not at all B.No problemC.Good idea D.Never mind2.Why dont you go to sleep earlier this evening?你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢?【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】(1)如何提出建议如何提出建议(2)回答建议的常用句型回答建议的常用句型:肯定答语肯定答语:Good idea./OK./

24、All right./Sure./Certainly.否定答语否定答语:No,thanks./Sorry,I cant./Im afraid not.【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014龙东中考龙东中考)You look too tired.Why not _a rest?Sounds good.A.stop having B.to stop having C.stop to have(2014铜仁中考铜仁中考)Its too hot.Why not go swimming with us?_A.Good idea!B.Thats right!C.Well done!D.Congrat

25、ulations!3.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反相反,他看他想看的任何节目直到晚上很晚。他看他想看的任何节目直到晚上很晚。【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】(1)whatever引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句,相当于相当于no matter what,意为意为“无论什么无论什么,不管什么不管什么”。Call me when you get there,whatever the time is.无论什么时间无论什么时间,你到了那儿就给我打电话。你到了那儿就给我打电话。(2)引导让步状语从句的单词和短语引

26、导让步状语从句的单词和短语:however=no matter how(无论怎样无论怎样)whenever=no matter when(无论何时无论何时)whatever=no matter what(无论什么无论什么)whoever=no matter who(无论谁无论谁)whichever=no matter which(无论哪一个无论哪一个)【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2013兰州中考兰州中考)不论发生任何事不论发生任何事,我都不会改变心意。我都不会改变心意。_happens,I wont change my mind.答案答案:Whatever【要点备选要点备选】1.nei

27、ther adv.也不也不【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】她一周没有做家务她一周没有做家务,我也没有做。我也没有做。For one week,she did not do any housework and_.Neither of us_(know)the way to the supermarket because we are new.答案答案:neither did Iknows【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】neither的用法的用法形容词形容词(1)用在单数名词之前用在单数名词之前(2)其修饰的词作主语时其修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数Neither answer

28、 is right.两个答案都不对。两个答案都不对。代词代词(1)作主语作主语,谓语动词常用单数谓语动词常用单数(2)常与常与of连用连用,neither of+名词复数名词复数Neither of them was in good health,but both of them worked very hard.他们两个人身体都不好他们两个人身体都不好,但工作都非常努力。但工作都非常努力。副词副词放于句首放于句首,用倒装语序用倒装语序,表示表示“也不也不”neither+be/助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语He doesnt go to school by bike.Neither

29、 do I.他不骑自行车上学。他不骑自行车上学。我也不骑。我也不骑。短语短语(1)neither.nor.表示表示“既不既不也不也不”,连接两个连接两个并列成分表否定并列成分表否定;反义短语反义短语both.and.,连接同等成连接同等成分表示肯定分表示肯定(2)连接主语时连接主语时,谓语动词遵循谓语动词遵循“就近原则就近原则”Neither I nor he knows it.我和他都不知道此事。我和他都不知道此事。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014成都中考成都中考)Can she play the guitar or the violin?_.But she can play t

30、he drums.A.Both B.Either C.Neither(2014南充中考南充中考)He hasnt seen that interesting film before._.A.So have I B.Neither have IC.Nor do I D.So do I2.as soon as一一就就;尽快尽快【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】我刚坐到电视机前妈妈就过来了。我刚坐到电视机前妈妈就过来了。My mom came over_ _ _I sat down in front of the TV.请尽快给我写信。请尽快给我写信。Please write to me_ _ _

31、_.答案答案:as soon asas soon as possible【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】as soon as的用法的用法(1)as soon as引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般从句要用一般现在时表示将来。现在时表示将来。(2)as soon as possible=as soon as one can/could,意为意为“尽可能快地尽可能快地”。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014菏泽中考菏泽中考)When will you return the book to me?Ill give it to you _

32、I finish it.A.once B.until C.as soon as D.unless【变式备选变式备选】(2012宜宾中考宜宾中考)我一到杭州就给你打电话。我一到杭州就给你打电话。I will call you as_ as I_ in Hangzhou.答案答案:soon;arrive3.since conj.因为因为;既然既然prep.自自以来以来【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】He has lived there for a long time.(改为同义句改为同义句)He has lived there _a long time_.既然他们和父母住在一起既然他们和父母住在

33、一起,他们就应该懂得人人都有责任保持家的干他们就应该懂得人人都有责任保持家的干净整洁。净整洁。_they live in one house with their parents,they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.答案答案:since;agoSince【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】since的两种词性的两种词性(1)作介词作介词,since+(过去的过去的)某一时刻某一时刻=for+一段时间一段时间,表示一段时间。表示一段时间。(2)作连词作连词,引导时间状语从句

34、引导时间状语从句,主句通常用现在完成时主句通常用现在完成时,从句通常用一般从句通常用一般过去时。过去时。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014黄冈中考黄冈中考)I can hardly believe my eyes.Is that you,Lucy?Yes.It has been almost 20 years _we were together.A.since B.beforeC.after D.until4.look through快速查看快速查看;浏览浏览【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】我发现我妹妹在翻我的东西。我发现我妹妹在翻我的东西。I found my sister_ _

35、my things.我忘了我忘了Tony的电话号码的电话号码,让我查一下电话本。让我查一下电话本。I forget Tonys phone number;let me_ _ _in the telephone book.答案答案:looking throughlook it up【看一看看一看 图解考点图解考点】(1)“look+介词介词”型型(2)“look+副词副词”型型【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2013十堰中考十堰中考)Here is the book.First _it and then tell me what you think of it.A.look into B.l

36、ook throughC.look up D.look after【变式备选变式备选】(2013杭州中考杭州中考)This morning I_ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.A.picked up B.looked upC.cleaned up D.gave up【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意:今天早上我在网上查询了一今天早上我在网上查询了一些新饭店些新饭店,因为我想带因为我想带Mia去一

37、家好的餐馆给她过生日。去一家好的餐馆给她过生日。pick up“捡捡起起”,look up“查询查询;向上看向上看”,clean up“清除清除”,give up“放弃放弃”,故选故选B。5.depend on依靠依靠;信赖信赖【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】现在的孩子太依赖父母了。现在的孩子太依赖父母了。Children these days_ _their parents too much.Your success depends on whether you work hard or not.(译成汉语译成汉语)_ _ _(放心吧放心吧),they will pass the exam

38、ination.答案答案:depend on你成功与否取决于你是否努力工作。你成功与否取决于你是否努力工作。Depend on it【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】depend的相关短语的相关短语 依靠，依赖依靠，依赖depend on/upon 取决于，视取决于，视而定而定 it 相信，放心相信，放心【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014六盘水中考六盘水中考)When shall we go?It hasnt been decided yet.It _the weather.A.begins with B.leads toC.depends on D.thinks of【变式备选变式

39、备选】(2013湖州中考湖州中考)Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?Well,it all _the weather.A.belongs to B.happens toC.depends on D.concentrates on6.argue v.争吵争吵;争论争论【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】当他们争吵时当他们争吵时,我们家上空就像罩着一大片乌云。我们家上空就像罩着一大片乌云。When they_,its like a big,black cloud hanging over our home.汤姆很谦虚汤姆很谦虚,他从不喜欢和别人争论。他从不喜欢和别人

40、争论。Tom is very modest,and he never likes_ _others.答案答案:arguearguing with【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】argue的两种常用结构的两种常用结构 argue with sb.意为意为“与某人争辩与某人争辩”。例如。例如:You mustnt argue with your parents.你不许和父母争论。你不许和父母争论。argue about/over sth.意为意为“就某事争论、争吵、争辩就某事争论、争吵、争辩”。例如。例如:Listen!What are they arguing about?听听!他他们在争论什

41、么们在争论什么?argue with sb.about sth.意为意为“为某事与某人争吵为某事与某人争吵”。例如。例如:Mike often argues with his parents about his homework.迈克经常为家庭作业与他父母争吵。迈克经常为家庭作业与他父母争吵。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2013吉林中考吉林中考)Dad,I want to go hiking with my friends,but my mum said no!I know.But you shouldnt quarrel with her.A.argue B.tell C.talk7

42、.return v.归还归还;回来回来;返回返回【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】My cousin borrows my things without_(return)them.He didnt phone me when he got back home.(改为同义句改为同义句)He didnt phone me when he _home.答案答案:returningreturned【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】(1)returnvi.返回返回(=get/come back),return不能和不能和back连用连用(2)returnvt.归还归还(=give back),把某物还给

43、某人把某物还给某人return sth.to sb.=return sb.sth.【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014台州中考台州中考)Where are you going?To the library.Ive finished reading this book,so Im going to _it.A.buy B.throw C.return D.borrow8.cut out删除删除;删去删去【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】也许我可以删除一些他们的活动。也许我可以删除一些他们的活动。Maybe I could_ _a few of their activities.Dont

44、cut_(off/up/down/out)these trees.答案答案:cut outdown【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】cut短语小结短语小结 9.My problem is that I cant get on with my family.我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】句中句中that引导表语从句。引导表语从句。that引导表语从句只起连接作用引导表语从句只起连接作用,在从句在从句中不作任何成分中不作任何成分,无意义无意义,但不能省略。例如但不能省略。例如:The reason is that you

45、dont trust her.原因是你不信任她。原因是你不信任她。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】that引导的主语从句及宾语从句引导的主语从句及宾语从句(1)that引导主语从句引导主语从句that引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分,但不可以省略。为了但不可以省略。为了使句子结构平衡使句子结构平衡,有时用有时用it作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的主语从句则置于后面。引导的主语从句则置于后面。例如例如:That she gets on well with her classmates is known to us all.(=It is known to us

46、all that she gets on well with her classmates.)众所周知众所周知,她她与同学们相处得很好。与同学们相处得很好。类似常见结构如下类似常见结构如下:Its clear/certain/true that.Its a pity/a good idea/no wonder that.Its said/reported/believed that.(2)that引导宾语从句引导宾语从句that引导宾语从句时引导宾语从句时,that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分,一般可以省略。例一般可以省略。例如如:The teacher told us(that)th

47、e earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。10.I dont think thats fair.我认为那不公平。我认为那不公平。【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】think否定前移的用法否定前移的用法(1)I/We think that从句从句,若从句要表示否定意义若从句要表示否定意义,在形式上常否定前面的在形式上常否定前面的主句。主句。(2)此类从句若主语是第一人称此类从句若主语是第一人称,反意疑问句要反问从句主语反意疑问句要反问从句主语;若主语是若主语是第二或第三人称第二或第三人称,反意疑问句要反问主句主语。例如反意疑问

48、句要反问主句主语。例如:They dont think I can come back tomorrow,do they?【温馨提示温馨提示】believe,suppose,imagine,guess等后接宾语从句时等后接宾语从句时,若宾语从句要若宾语从句要表示否定意义表示否定意义,在形式上应该否定前面的主句在形式上应该否定前面的主句;若主语是第一人称若主语是第一人称,其反其反意疑问句要反问从句主语。意疑问句要反问从句主语。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2013黄石中考黄石中考)I dont think the newly-directed film by Zhao Wei is as

49、interesting as people say,_?A.do you B.isnt it C.is it D.dont you专题十一精细研读解任务型阅读专题十一精细研读解任务型阅读命题角度命题角度1 回答问题回答问题 (2014重庆中考重庆中考).“Yes,”said the boy,“I failed yesterday,but I thought that if I kept on trying a while,I could do it.So I went home and practiced hitting a nail with a stick till I could do

50、it,and I got up very early this morning,and tried again.”The old man said,“You are the boy for me,”and gave him the job.Whatever the boy had to do,he tried to do his best.It was not very long before he became the best clerk in the store.66.Did the thin boy get the job at last?_【注意词形，完善句子注意词形，完善句子】考查