学生预习用 英语语法讲解 合集4 动词讲解课件1.ppt

1、动词动词Tom讲语法动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，动动词词Tom讲语法高考考查动词的几类重点高考考查动词的几类重点动词动词二：感官动词（二：感官动词（8个）个）三：使役动词（三：使役动词（6个）个）四：情感类动词（四：情感类动词（25个）个）五：虚拟语气动词（五：虚拟语气动词（10个）个）六：只接不定式的动词（六：只接不定式的动词（20个）个）七：只接动名词的动词（七：只接动名词的动词（25个）个）八：两者皆可的动词（八：两者皆可的动词（7个）个）九：带介词九：带介词to的动词短

2、语的动词短语(10个个)一：系动词（一：系动词（21个）个）动词动词一、一、系系动词动词Tom讲语法一、连系动词类一、连系动词类除了少数几个(如feel，get，become，grow等)外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible.(误)The mixture tastes terrible(正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in.(误)Jim pretended to fall/be asleep when his mother came in.(正)Im

3、feeling much better than ever before.(正)It was getting darker and darker.Besides,a cold rain began to fall.(正)动词动词二二、感官感官动词动词Tom讲语法感官动词类感官动词类 （8个）个）feel,hear,listen to,see,notice,observe,watch,find感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。特别是后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。Tom讲语法感官动词类感官动词类 （13个）个）感官动词的主要考点是

4、后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。When you go to watch the football match，you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win 当你去看足球比赛时，你会喜欢看到中国队赢。I saw Tom get on the bus.我看见汤姆上了车。2.后接v.-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea，we let out a shout of j

5、oy.看到太阳升起在地平线上，我们发出了一声欢呼。Hearing this，I felt my heart beating fast 听着这,我感觉心跳加速。3.后接v.-ed形式表被动意义。He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大。动词动词三三、使役动词、使役动词Tom讲语法三、使役动词类三、使役动词类（6个）个）表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make，let，have，keep，leave，get等。三、使役动词类三、使役动词类（6个）个）1.make，let,have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。Don

6、t make him do it if he doesnt want to.Lets go to school.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中。He was made to apologize to the guest2.have，keep，leave等后接v.-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.3.have，keep，leave等后接v-ed形式，多表被动含义。（注意还有ed形式转化的形容词）I will have my bike repaired tomorrow Ill keep you

7、informed as soon as I have the news高考原题练习高考原题练习Tom讲语法(1)Do you like the material Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt(2)The flowers _ sweet attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt(3)The pilot asked all the passengers on board to re

8、main _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating(4)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smokeB.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked(5)The missing boys were last seen _near the river.A.playingB.to be playing C.playD.to play(6)Dont leave the water

9、 _ while you brush your teeth A.run B.runnig C.being run D.to run (7)Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents_ A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry (8)The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_.A.hearB.to hearC.hearingD.heard (9)It was so

10、 cold that they kept the fire _ all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned (10)Good morning,can I help you?Id like to have this package _,madam.A.be weighed B.weighing C.weighed D.to weighTom讲语法动词动词四四、情感、情感类类动词动词Tom讲语法三三、含情感色彩的动词、含情感色彩的动词（25个）个）这类动词有excite，使兴奋 delight 使高兴 please，使高兴satisfy，使满意 mo

11、ve，使感动 tire 让厌烦 annoy 让恼怒 embarress 使难堪 exhaust 使筋疲力尽 bore 使无聊。frighten，使害怕 disappoint使失望 discourage使灰心 puzzle，使迷惑 confuse 使糊涂 surprise，让惊讶 astonish，让惊讶 amaze，让惊奇 shock，让震惊 worry，让担心 imress 使印象深刻 inspire使鼓舞 encourage使有勇气 interest 使人有兴趣 convince 使信服 等动词动词五五、虚拟语气动词、虚拟语气动词Tom讲语法十、虚拟语气动词类十、虚拟语气动词类（10个）个

12、）insist，坚持主张order，command，命令advise，suggest，propose，建议ask，demand，require,request,要求等后接引导的宾语从句时，如果这几个词有类似要求的意思，整句翻译成要求某人应该做某事，谓语动词须用“（should）动词原形”。The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone should have his car checked once a year.(一坚持二命令三建议四要求）高考

13、原题练习高考原题练习Tom讲语法(1)Janes pale face suggested that she_ill,and her parents suggested that she_a medical examination A.be；should have B.was；have C.should be；had D.was；has (2)The boy insisted that he didnt steal the money and insisted that he _(set)free at once.(3)Im very _ with my own cooking.It looks

14、 nice smells delicious.It does have a _ smell.A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant (4)Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring (5)It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reade

15、r.A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest (6)After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home _.A.being exhausted B.exhausted C.exhausting D.having exhausted Tom讲语法动词动词六六、后接不定式动词、后接不定式动词 Tom讲语法五、后接不定式动词类五、后接不定式动词类 （20个）个）下面这些动词接动词

16、的下面这些动词接动词的to do形式作宾语。形式作宾语。pretend,假装promise,agree,承诺，同意plan,ask,demand 计划，要求，要求hope,want,wish,expect,希望，想要，希望，期望manage,learn,refuse,decide,，choose;设法 学会 拒绝 决定（determine）选择fail,offer,afford,happen 等动词，没能，失败 主动 负担 碰巧 后跟不定式作宾语。（记忆口诀：只接（记忆口诀：只接to do的动词：假设的动词：假设没没to do：假装答应要希望，设法学会拒决选。假装答应要希望，设法学会拒决选。没

17、能主动负担碰没能主动负担碰）(一假装二答应三要求四希望）一假装二答应三要求四希望）动词动词七七、后、后接接v.-ing动词动词Tom讲语法六、后边六、后边v.-ing形式动词类形式动词类（25个）个）下面这些动词接动词的下面这些动词接动词的doing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。dislike,不喜欢 imagine,想象 escape,逃避 avoid,避免excuse,原谅 practise,练习 enjoy;喜欢suggest,建议 mind,介意 consider,考虑 finish,完成 oppose,反对 risk,冒险 delay;延迟admit,承认 appreciate,欣赏 mi

18、ss,错过 quit;退出七个短语keep on,继续 look forward to,期望 cant help,不禁 succeed in,成功 put off,推迟 give up,放弃 insist on.坚持 另外有bear,stand,做忍受，keep 做保持 等。（记忆口诀：只跟记忆口诀：只跟ing的常见动词的常见动词:(不建承续不建承续doing）不想逃避原练喜，建议考完反冒延。承认欣赏错过退不想逃避原练喜，建议考完反冒延。承认欣赏错过退,续期不成推放坚。续期不成推放坚。动词动词八八、后接不定式与、后接不定式与v.-ing形式意义不同形式意义不同动词类动词类Tom讲语法六六、后接

19、不定式与、后接不定式与v.-ing形式意义不同动词类形式意义不同动词类（7+1个）个）remember，forget，mean,go on，try，stop，regret;等后接不定式与v.-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：(记忆口诀：可跟记忆口诀：可跟v-ing或或to do结构，但意义上有区别：四记力争不后悔。）结构，但意义上有区别：四记力争不后悔。）动词 接动名词作宾语 ing 接不定式作宾语to do Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作 try 尝试做某事 努力做某事 regret 对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾 mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事go

20、on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事 forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事 stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事，去做别的事like like to do 一次性的动作 like doing 恒常性动作。例如：I remember being paid，but Ive forgotten the exact amount Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.动词动词九九、带介词、带介词to的动词短语的动词短语Tom讲语法带介词带介词to的动词短语

21、类的动词短语类（10个）个）这类短语有be（get）used to，习惯于 lead to，导致devoteto，致力于 look forward to，盼望stick to，坚持 object to，反对get down to，着手做某事 settle down to,开始做某事contribute to,有助于 refer to 提及，参考等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v.-ing形式。带介词带介词to的动词短语类的动词短语类（10个）个）这类短语有be（get）used to，lead to，devoteto，look forward to，stick to，object to，get

22、down to，settle down to,contribute to,refer to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v.-ing形式。例如：Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad，she got down to preparing supper for children注意区分介词to与不定式符号to。He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left.（used

23、 to表“过去常常”，to为不定式符号，be used to表“习惯于”，to为介词）Im looking forward to seeing you soon.（look forward to 意思是“盼望，期待”。）He looked forward to see what was happening.（look forward意为“向前看”，）高考原题练习高考原题练习Tom讲语法(1)We agreed _here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met(2)Lit

24、tle Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking (3)She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen (4)I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling(5)While

25、 shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded (3)He has always insisted on his _ Dr.turner instead of Mr.Turner.A.been called B.called C.being called D.having called (4)I really appreciate _ to relax wit

26、h you on this nice island.A.to have had time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time (5)Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left C.Janes being left D.Jane to be left （6）The light in the office is still on.Oh，I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it offD.havin

27、g turned it off （7）You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well，now I regret_that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done（8）Go on_the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing（9）I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a c

28、hange？A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and goD.try going （10）Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children.A.set up B.setting up C.have set upD.having set upTom讲语法Tom讲语法Tom讲语法英语时态一般有：一般 进行 完成 现在时 过去时 将来时现在时现在时(Present tenses)Tom讲语法一般现在时一般现在时结构：结构：do/does/be(a

29、m/is/are)用法：用法：1.现在的习惯动作、状态现在的习惯动作、状态。I usually go to school by bike.2.表示客观规律、真理；特征、性格等。3.用于标题，小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。4.用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表将来。（一般现在表将来）I wont go to school if it rains tomorrow.明天要是下雨的话，我就不去上学了。5.表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作，如时刻表等 （一般现在表将来）。The train leaves at five oclock.火车5点发车。现在进行时现在进行时结构：结构：be(am/is/are

30、)doing;或 be+adv./prep.用法：用法：1.现在或现阶段，正在发生、进行的动作。I am reading a newspaper now.2.常与go,leave,come,arrive,stay,move等连用，表示将来的动作。(现在进行表将来）Im coming.我这就来。3.与always,forever等连用，表示动作的反复，含厌倦或赞赏的意思。You are always making the same mistake.注意：注意：1.表示感觉、心理、结果性的动词一般不用于进行时。2.常见表进行的副词、介短：in progress，in operation，on sh

31、ow现在完成时现在完成时结构：结构：have/has done用法：用法：1.过去发生且结束，但对现在造影响。I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。2.过去发生没结束，一直持续到现在。I have lived here for six years.我在这里居住6年了。3.在以下两个句型中，其从句要求用现在完成时：It(This)is the first(last,second,third,)time that It(This)is the best(worst,most interesting,)+n.+thatIt is the third time that I hav

32、e seen the film.It is the best book that I have read.巩固练习1.Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have taken2.Dad will come to see me when I _ the training course.A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish3.We _ our new neighbors ye

33、t,so we dont know their names.A.dont meet B.wont meet C.havent met D.hadnt met4.I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage.A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.be repaired5.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoo

34、n in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are goingLets have a rest!过去时过去时(Past tenses)Tom讲语法一般过去时一般过去时结构：结构：did/be(was/were)用法：用法：1.表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与yesterday,last night,a moment ago,the next day等过去的具体时间状语连用。I lost my wallet on the bus yesterday.2.表示过去习惯性动作，可用used to/would+do结构。3.表示刚才或过去不知，现在或说话时已知 4.用于时

35、间、条件、让步状从中，表示过去的将来。5.用于虚拟语气中：1）用于if条件从句中，表示对现在、将来的虚拟；2）在wish/as if/if only/would rather/It is time等+从句中，表示对现在或将来的虚拟。过去进行时过去进行时结构：结构：be(was/were)+doing用法：用法：1 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作。2 表示按计划过去将要发生的动作。过去完成时过去完成时结构结构:had+done 总概念：过去的过去。总概念：过去的过去。用法：用法：表示在过去某个动作或时间前已经发生或完成的动作。表示在过去某个动作或时间前已经发生或完成的动作。1.用于主从复

36、合句中：两个动作皆发生在过去，前一个动作用过去完成时。I had finished my homework before he came back.2.用于时间状语为“by+过去时间”的句子中。3.表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。4.用于“hardly/scarcelywhen;no soonerthan”的主句中。5.用于虚拟语气中：表示与过去的事实相反。巩固练习1.Thousands of people took part in the work when the dam _.A.was built B.built C.was being built D.would be built2.Ros

37、e _ a book about China last month,but I dont know whether she has finished it.A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing3.We _ that you would be able to visit us,but you didnt.A.expected B.expect C.had expected D.were expecting4.They should have finished the job before noon,but they _.A.dont

38、B.didnt C.wont D.havent5.When I was at college,I _ 3 foreign languages,but I all except a few words for each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgottenLets have a rest!将来时将来时(Future tenses)Tom讲语法一般将来时一般将来时总结构：总结构：will/shall（用于第一人称）（用于第一人称）+do用

39、法：表示将来的动作或状态。用法：表示将来的动作或状态。will:1.表示純将来或临时的决定。2.表示意志、意愿。3.还可表现在的习惯性动作。be going to:1.表示现在对将来的计划、打算。2.表示现在对将来的推测。be doing:进行时表示就近将来要发生的事。be to do:表示对将来的计划、安排。be about to:表示即将发生的动作，句中不用表示未来的时间状语（但当be 为was/were时，则常与when状从连用）过去将来时过去将来时总结构：总结构：would+do 用法：参考现在将来时用法：参考现在将来时注意：注意：was/were+to do:除表示曾经的计划、打算外

40、，除表示曾经的计划、打算外，还可表示还可表示“后来后来 结果，注定结果，注定”的含义。的含义。将来完成时将来完成时结构：结构：will/shall have done用法：表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。常与用法：表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。常与“by+将来时间将来时间”连用连用。将来进行时将来进行时结构：结构：will/shall be doing用法：用法：将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行或持续的动作。1.I dont know if he _.If he _,Ill let you know.A.will come;comes B.comes;will comeC.comes;

41、comes D.will come;will come2.By the time you get to the airport,she _ for New Zealand.A.would be leaving B.has left C.is leaving D.will have left3.It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A.wont be;will know B.is;will know C.wont be;know D.is;know4.-Did you tell Julia about the result?-Oh,

42、no,I _ _.I _ call her now.A.forget;will B.forgot;will C.forget;am to D.forgot;am to5.We had to be patient because it _ some time before we got the full result.A.would be B.was C.has been D.had beenTom讲语法Tom讲语法谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。

43、下面我们根据主语的情况分一下：一、语法一致语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of errors was surprising.错误之多是惊人的。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。二、就近原则 谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。1由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。Not only he bu

44、t also I am invited.我和他都受邀请了。Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.但注意“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than/besides/rather than 名词”置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.2在由there或here引

45、起的句子及倒装句中。There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支笔和两本书。There are two books,some paper and a pen on the desk.三、意义一致主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。这包括会包括以下的特殊情况：主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应用单数形式。The crowd were fighting for their lives.这些人正为生存而战斗。Three years in

46、a strange land seems like a long time.在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。下面我们根据谓语动词的情况分一下：(一一)谓语动词为单数的情况谓语动词为单数的情况(二二)谓语动词为复数的情况谓语动词为复数的情况(三三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定谓语动词单、复数视情况而定(一)谓语动词为单数的情况 1由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.黄油面包是西方日常饮食

47、。2every.and(every).，each.and(each).,no.and(no).,连接两个单数名词作主语。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.桌子和椅子都是木头做的。3one/every one/each/either/the numberof 复数名词作主语。The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.4clothing,furniture,traffic,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。C

48、lothing is badly needed in this flooded.洪水灾区急需衣物。5以“s”结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。(一)谓语动词为单数的情况 6表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.他离开家乡已经二十年了。7由any，some，no和one,thing,body等所构成的不定代词作主语。8非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.他很喜欢集邮。9单数名词、抽象名词

49、、物质名词作主语。10.注意：many a 意思是复数，但谓语动词按语法一致单数走，Many a student is studying English in the classroom.许多学生正在教室里学习英语。(二)谓语动词为复数的情况 1由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.2people,police,cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.3goods,stairs,arms 等名词作主语。4由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运

50、动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.奥运会每四年举办一次。5a number of /quantities of/a group of 名词作主语。(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1class,family,army,team,club,party,crowd,audience,public等集体名词作主语。强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数。His family is a great one./His family are music lovers 他有个大家庭。/他的家人都喜欢音乐。2means(