2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册Welcome Unit 简单句的八种基本句型（ppt课件）.pptx

1、简单句的基本句型Simple sentences句子成分和基本句型句子成分和基本句型1.何谓句子和句子成分何谓句子和句子成分3.常见句子类型常见句子类型2.简单句结构简单句结构什么是简单句？简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。祈使句可省略主语。表达简单句使用哪个基本句型，取决于该句子中的谓语动词。也就是说不同类型的谓语动词，要求使用不同类型的基本句型。句子成分主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adv

2、erbial)和 补语（complement）。八种简单句的基本句型一：（主谓）二：（主谓宾）三：（主系表）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）六、S V A (主语+谓语+状语)七、S V 0 A(主语+谓语+宾语+状语)八、There be 句型1.主语谓语(SV)此句型中的谓语是不及物动词。不及物动词词义本身完整，不需要宾语补足其意思，但有些动词词义则必须由一个状语进行补充。He smiles.Who cares?2.主语谓语宾语(SVO)此句型中的谓语是及物动词，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。I enjoy reading.我喜欢阅读。Jane helped hi

3、m.简帮助了他。Who knows the answer?谁知道答案？3.主语系动词表语(SVP)表语用于系动词之后，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。系动词：1）be动词：包括时态和人称单复数的变化 （现在/过去/将来）2）表持续类：keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand 3）表感官类：feel,smell,sound,taste等 4）表变化类：become,grow,turn,get,go,come等The dinner smells good.We became friends.4.主语谓语间接宾语(人)直接宾语(物)(SVOO)双宾语：一个指人(间接宾语)；

4、一个指物(直接宾语)。间接宾语前需加to的常用动词有：give,offer,hand,write,lend,pass,refuse,read,sell，pay，send,show,bring,throw,tell,promise,permit,wish,leave,allow等。间接宾语前需加for的常用动词有：buy,make,cook,play,sing,bring,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,order,paint,save,spare等。I gave him a book.=I give the book to himMy father bought me

5、a bicycle.=My father bought a bicycle for me.5.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(SVOC)宾语补足语：指有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。They painted the door green.I saw them getting on the bus.6.主语谓语状语(SVA)此句型中的谓语是不及物动词。不及物动词词义本身完整，不需要宾语补足其意思，但有些动词词义则必须由一个状语进行补充。He talked too

6、much.7.主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)此句型中的谓语是及物动词，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。Tom speaks French fluently.（French为宾语，副词 fluently作状语）8.there be 句型there be 句型，用来表达“某处有（没有）某物。在there be 结构中，be之前可用情态动词may,must,can等。另外，在此句型中遵循“就近一致”原则，be动词要与最靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。There is a book,two pens and three pencils on the table.（be动词形式与a b

7、ook保持一致，用单数形式）练习：挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.练习：挑出下列句中的状语 答案 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to lear

8、n English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.练习：分析句子结构 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?练习：分析句子结构 答案 My brother hasnt done his homework.主+谓+宾 People speak English all over the world.主+谓+宾+状There was a big smile on her face.There be句型 The old man felt tired.主+系+表 He asked her to take the boy out of school.主+谓+宾+宾补