Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures （ppt课件） (2)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、新教材人教必修一新教材人教必修一Unti4 natural disasters discovering useful structures限定性定语从句限定性定语从句二二、引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词：关系代词：who,whom（跟在介词后（跟在介词后 或做或做宾语宾语）whose（人和物）（人和物）,which,that（逗号和介词（逗号和介词 后不可用）后不可用）关系副词：关系副词：when,where why一一、定义、定义修饰修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，也也可以称为可以称为形容词性从句形容词性从句；翻译成翻译成“.的的”。填写

2、定从引导词的技巧：括出定从，圈出先行词 把先行词代入定从中（因为先行词指代了引导词）看定从中缺什么成分 确定引导词 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.关系词：定语从句的引导词称为关系词，分为关系代词（U4）和关系副词（when、where、why）。先先行行词词关关系系词词从句从句译：译：的的 先行词先行词定语在中心词（先行词定语在中心词（先行词/名词）名词）前前oror后后？5 单元语法：单元语法：定语定语从句的从句的位置位置 一般放在被修饰成分之后（先行词）。紧紧紧紧跟紧紧

3、紧紧跟e.g.This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句Do you know the man who spoke just now?Do you know the man?He spoke just now.三、定语从句的位置三、定语从句的位置一般放在被修饰成分之后（先行词）。紧紧紧紧跟紧紧紧紧跟先行词先行词The tree is quite tall that he is climbing.-1.5分The tree is quite tall.He is climbing it.2.tree:替换替换The tree

4、that he is climbing is quite tall.3分 it也不用了1.The person is my good friend.2.I spoke to the person just now.1.先找第句的先行词先找第句的先行词2.找第句同样的词，用找第句同样的词，用关系词关系词替代替代3.把从句紧紧移动到先行词后面，一把从句紧紧移动到先行词后面，一般第句是般第句是_,第句是第句是_,也也不一定，可以用翻译中文试试不一定，可以用翻译中文试试The person I spoke just now is my good friend.主句主句从句从句that 和和 which

5、做从做从句宾语可以句宾语可以省略省略可可省省跟在介词后跟在介词后 或做宾语或做宾语）I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter(which)I received this morning.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning.1.引导定语从句引导定语从句 2.代替代替先行词先行词 3.在定语从句中担当

6、一个在定语从句中担当一个成分成分 （主宾定状）（主宾定状）决定关系词的不是先行词，而是关决定关系词的不是先行词，而是关系词在定语从句充当系词在定语从句充当的成分的成分。先划出从句，再说下关系词做什么，再说能先划出从句，再说下关系词做什么，再说能不能省或者替换不能省或者替换 1)The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。2)Rose is the person(who/whom)you should care about.罗丝

7、是你应该关心的人。3)The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。4)He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。先划出从句，再说下关系词做什么，再说能先划出从句，再说下关系词做什么，再说能不能省或者替换不能省或者替换 1)The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在

8、医院接受治疗。2)Rose is the person(who/whom)you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。3)The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。4)He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。主语主语.不可省不可省care的宾语，可省的宾语，可省Praise的宾语的宾语 可省可省Window的定语的定语 5)The young man was very happy to get

9、 back the gold ring(which)he had lost on the train.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。6)The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。主语主语.不可省不可省 7)The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。8)The suitcase that/which lies on t

10、he ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。翻译 第一步：The suitcase is hers.翻译第二：that/which lies on the ground 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。翻译：The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。翻译：The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one mill

11、ion四四、Summary that 即指人又指物即指人又指物,作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。which 指物指物,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语。可以在逗可以在逗号后或介词后，号后或介词后，who,whom 指人指人,who 作主语作主语,whom作宾语作宾语。在介词后在介词后that,which,whom在关系从句中作在关系从句中作宾语时宾语时,可省略。可省略。that which who whom whosethat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。1.1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,a

12、nything,little,much 等不定等不定 代词时。代词时。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.2.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。等

13、修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.(4)当先行词既指人，又指物时；(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真的？He isnt the boy that he was.他不再是过去的那个男孩了。先行先行词被词被the only,the very,the same,the

14、last 修饰时。修饰时。4、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。如：He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先行词）他是懂法语的唯一学生。He is one of the students who know French.（students为先行词）他是懂法语的学生之一。2)The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3)The next day,people

15、 put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom,or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.P50页书本1)Here are some of the people _homes were destroyed by the typhoon.whosewhothat这里一些人的房子被台风摧毁了。剧烈震动的建筑物使所有熟睡的人都惊醒了。第二天，人们在户外用他们

16、能找到的任何东西搭起了庇护所。（稍后说到 anything只能用that）5)The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.4)Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.that几天后，大部分被飓风毁坏的建筑物都修复了。whose那个受伤男孩的母亲在灾难中丧生，他被送去了医院。6)The woman wrote a thank-you letter t

17、o the soldier by _ she was rescued.whom这名妇女给救助她的士兵写了一封感谢信。7)Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?who这就是把几个困在建筑物下面的学生解救出来的男孩吧？三、定语从句的位置三、定语从句的位置定语从句一般放在被修饰成分之后。e.g.This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句Do you know the man who spoke just now?Do

18、 you know the man?He spoke just now.I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter(which)I received this morning.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning.1.that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。1)A p

19、lane is a machine that can fly.(主语主语)2)The noodles that I cooked were delicious.(宾语宾语)3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.(主语主语)4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(宾语宾语)1)The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.1)They planted the trees which didn

20、t need much water.(主语主语)2)The fish which we bought were not fresh.(宾语宾语)(主语主语)2.2.which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。3.who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中口语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)。2)The boy who broke the window is called Michael.(主语主语)3)The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.(宾语宾语)4)Mr.Read is the prof

21、essor to whom you should write.(宾语宾语)4.whose在从句中作在从句中作定定语语，指人或物。，指人或物。1)This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.2)This is the book whose cover is blue.1.The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in

22、 1906 earthquake.3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4.A house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.that/which who一、用 who,whom,that,which or whose填空。that/which that/which who/whom/thatPractice1.

23、看一看那个名叫露丝的女士。2.准备去公园的人呆在这儿。3.那是我所有的钱。4.他是我非常喜欢的老师。5.他们谈了大约一个小时关于他们在学校记得的人 和事。Look at that lady whose name is Rose.Those who will go to the park stay here.That was all the money that I had.He is a teacher who(whom)I like very much.They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.二、翻译句子。二、翻译句子。