Welcome Unit Discover Useful Structures 句子成分与结构（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Watch and Talk问题思考：问题思考：How to describe a short video?人物（who）时间（when）地点（where）事件（what）原因（why）如何发展（how）主角（一）主语的定义 主语句子叙述的主体，动作的发出者。主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句子中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。（二）主语的表现形式 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time

2、in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（从句）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）主角的行为、动作说明主语所做的动作或所处的状态，一般在主语之后。它有完整的时态和语态，在人称和数上需

3、和主语保持一致。简单谓语：由动词或动词词组构成。复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词原型构成。主角行为、动作施加在谁身上Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)（不定式）（动名词）（从句）动作的

4、对象、承受者一般位于及物动词或介词后面宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示。有的动词后面可接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirect object），把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。He gave me some books.他给了我一些书。间接宾语直接宾语常见跟双宾语动词常见跟双宾语动词 (1)双宾语易位时需借助介词双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词的常用动词award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.颁奖给某人颁奖给某人bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb.把某物带给

5、某人把某物带给某人hand sb.sth.=hand sth.to sb.把某物递给某人把某物递给某人lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人把某物借给某人give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.把某物给某人把某物给某人offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.将某物给某人将某物给某人owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物欠某人某物pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人把某物递给某人(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词的常用动词buy sb.st

6、h.=buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物为某人买某物fetch sb.sth.=fetch sth.for sb.为某人去取某物为某人去取某物主角身份、特征、状态主主系动词系动词表表 系动词必须系动词必须和表语一起和表语一起。常见的系动词常见的系动词：be动词动词感官系动词感官系动词状态状态变化变化表象表象am，is，are，was，werelook，sound，smell，taste，feel等keep，remain，stay，lie，stand等become，go，turn，get，fall，grow等seem似乎/好像，appear看起来修饰限定He is a clever bo

7、y.His father works in a steel factory.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?The girl in red is Jane.He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.He is the first to come.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词，汉语常译为“的”。

8、(介词短语)(不定式)全世界全世界的人们都知道造纸术来自中国的人们都知道造纸术来自中国.在在幸福环境中长大的孩子会很乐观幸福环境中长大的孩子会很乐观.Persons from all over the world know that papermaking technology comes from china.Kids growing up in happy surroundings will be optimistic.如果定语由一个词组或一个从句表示时，通常要置于所修饰词之后。Kids who/that grow up in happy surroundings will be opti

9、mistic.时间地点原因结果I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He often went to school by bus.He went to school in spite of his illness.He studies hard.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.Please call me if it is necessary.I waited to see you.His

10、parents died,leaving him an orphan.用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语的种类：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式和让步状语等。介词短语作时间状语介词短语作地点状语介词短语作方式状语介词短语作让步状语副词作程度状语从句作原因状语从句作结果状语从句作条件状语不定式作目的状语现在分词作结果状语我 看见你 我 建议他 这 让 我 主谓宾宾语内容不完整I found the book interesting.Do you hear Tom singing?He made himself _(understand).She asked me to lend

11、her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.形容词作宾补形容词作宾补现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补不定式作宾补不定式作宾补介词短语作宾补介词短语作宾补副词作宾补副词作宾补名词作宾补名词作宾补宾补位于宾语之后，对宾语情况进行补充说明。understooda.名词名词 Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.b.代词代词 We all got a surprise.c.数词数词 This pr

12、ize is for you two.d.从句（从句（先行词常为先行词常为news，idea，fact，doubt，thought,possibility等）等）I had no idea that you were here.用于解释说明另一个句子成分标出下列句子的成分(S,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C)I will return you the book tomorrow.I found the film interesting.She is beautiful and smart 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成七种基本句型，掌握这七种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语八种基本句

13、型列式如下：l一：（主谓）l二：（主谓宾）l三：（主系表）l四：IO DO（主谓间宾直宾）l五：（主谓宾宾补）l六：A（主+谓+状）l七：O A（主+谓+宾+状）l There be 基本句型 一：（主谓）此句型的谓语动词为不及物动词，动词本身能表达完整意思，后面不接宾语，但可以跟副词、介词短语、从句等状语成分。eg.Monica smiled.单句写作我们大家都笑了。All of us laughed.这个男孩的梦想实现了。The boys dream came true.基本句型 二：（主谓宾）此句型谓语动词为及物动词，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。宾语位于及物动词之后

14、，构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them等 eg.Monica teaches English.单句写作学生们有不同的观点。我们学校将举办一次运动会。Students have different opinions.Our school will hold a sports meet.三分析句子成分并翻译All of them were amazed.These suggestions are of great importance.基本句型 四：IO DO（主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语

15、；一个指物，为直接宾语。一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：Monica teaches you English.也可转化为：动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：Monica teaches English to you.分析句子成分/完成句子You had better buy your friends some small gifts.Besides,nothing could be better if you could _(提供给我一些信息).I remember you _(展示给我一些照片)on that theme.基本句型 五：（主谓宾宾补）此句型中动词只跟一个宾语还不

16、能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。eg.Monica urges students to study hard.存现句：There be 句型 There are many girls in our class.谓主 基本句型 六：A（主+谓+状）eg.He talked too much.基本句型 七：O A（主+谓+宾+状）eg.I had my first maths class at senior high school.there be 句型eg.There _ a pen and two books.There

17、_ two books and a pen.主在前、谓在中，宾语状语后面冲短语定语宾后，形、代宾语主宾前间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前【语境应用语境应用】写出句子结构类型。写出句子结构类型。1.She died.2.I still love her.3.We met in Cafe.4.I knew that I wanted to share the rest of my life with her from the moment I saw her.5.There was crowded with people.6.All I could see w

18、as her.【语境应用语境应用】写出句子结构类型。写出句子结构类型。7.And then we fell in love.8.I love all her looks,and all her actions and her entirely.9.I bought her some roses.(I bought some rose for her.）10.She called me darling.11.When I asked her to be my bride,she looked deeply into my eyes and said“yes”.12.But everything was gone with wind.