Unit4 Discovering uesful structures 语法（ppt课件） (2)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、修饰限定名词或代词的成分修饰限定名词或代词的成分1.定语定语:a beautiful girla handsome boybeautifulhandsome定语从句：定语从句：修饰限定名词或代词的从句修饰限定名词或代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句定语从句the best film 先行词先行词that关系词关系词定义定义 This is a basket full of flowers.full of flowers1.如何找到先行词？如何找到先行词？2.关系词有哪些？有什么作用？关系词有哪些？有什么作用？3.如何选用关系词如何选

2、用关系词1.如何找到先行词？如何找到先行词？(2019全国卷全国卷)They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019全国卷全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,which she opened with her late husband Les.(2018全国卷全国卷)Two of the authors

3、of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2017北京卷改编北京卷改编)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.The team who

4、were wearing green won the game finally.如何找到先行词？如何找到先行词？定语从句的先行词可以是指人、物、时间、定语从句的先行词可以是指人、物、时间、地点、原因等的地点、原因等的名词或代词名词或代词，也可以是，也可以是整个主整个主句句。The team won the game finally.who were wearing greenthe Attributive Clause定语从句the relative关系代词 the antecedent先行词如何找到先行词？如何找到先行词？1.如何找到先行词？如何找到先行词？2.关系词有哪些？有什么作用？关系

5、词有哪些？有什么作用？3.如何选用关系词如何选用关系词 关系词有哪些？关系词有哪些？关系词关系代词关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词关系副词when、where、why1.如何找到先行词？如何找到先行词？2.关系词有哪些？有什么作用？关系词有哪些？有什么作用？3.如何选用关系词如何选用关系词 关系词有什么作用？关系词有什么作用？I have an apple.The apple is red.I have an apple(that/which is red).I know a man.The man is a teacher.I know a man(that/w

6、ho is a teacher).关系代词的作用关系代词的作用连接作用指代作用1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.主语宾语定语6.I like the person to whom you just talked.5.China is not the country (that)it used to b

7、e.介宾表语宾语关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。7.He is such a nice person as is popular.主语关系代词的作用关系代词的作用关系词的作用：关系词的作用：1、连接作用：连接主从句；2、指代作用：指代先行词；3、成分作用：在从句中充当 。一定的成分一定的成分that可指人可指物可指人可指物,作主语或宾语或表作主语或宾语或表语语2.which 指物，作主语或宾语或表语指物，作主语或宾语或表语3.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 4.whom 指人指人,作宾语作宾语 5.Whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语作定语

8、 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语 whowhomwhichthatwhose定语 表语表语1).that可指人可指物可指人可指物,作主语或宾语或表语作主语或宾语或表语The girl _spoke to me just now is my classmate.The film _we saw yesterday is interesting.注：作宾语时可省略注：作宾语时可省略 that(that)2 2）which 指物，作主语或宾语或表语指物，作主语或宾语或表语 a)a)这是这是 我们去年参观的我们去年参观的 工厂。工厂。（）This is the facto

9、ry.This is the factory.We visited it last year.We visited it last year.This is the factory which/that This is the factory which/that we visited last year.we visited last year.说明：说明：关系代词在关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。以省略。3 3）who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 4 4）whom 指人指人,作宾语作宾语 a)a)他就是他就是 我昨天见到的我昨天见到的 那个人。那个人。He

10、is the man.He is the man.I saw him yesterday.I saw him yesterday.He is the man He is the man(whom/who/thatwhom/who/that )I I saw yesterday.saw yesterday.b)b)你认识你认识 站在那边的站在那边的 那个人吗？那个人吗？Do you know the man?Do you know the man?He is standing over there.He is standing over there.Do you know the man Do

11、you know the man who/thatwho/that is standing over there?is standing over there?（）（）5 5）whose whose 既可以指人也可以指物，在从既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语。句中作定语。例如：例如：a)a)小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。好的学生。（）Xiao Ming is the best student in our Xiao Ming is the best student in our class.class.His father is an

12、 engineer.His father is an engineer.Xiao Ming Xiao Ming whosewhose father is an father is an engineer is the best student in our engineer is the best student in our class.class.1.如何找到先行词？如何找到先行词？2.关系词有哪些？有什么作用？关系词有哪些？有什么作用？3.如何选用关系词如何选用关系词 3.如何选用关系词如何选用关系词The girl spoke to me just now is my classmat

13、e.A.that B.which C.whom D.whothat/who具体步骤:判断判断主从句找出找出先行词代入代入从句；看在从句中所充当成分结合结合先行词是人还是物，替入关系词This is the factor This is the factor was was built last year.built last year.which/that1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词 all,none,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything，etc。2.先行词被先行词被all,each,few,little,much,

14、some,any,no,every,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词先行词被被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级所修饰，所修饰，或本身是或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything(that)he had stolen.e.g.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.e.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.5.先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.We talked

15、 about the things and persons that we saw then.4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,the next修饰时，用修饰时，用that。6.在以在以which,who开头的的特殊疑问句时开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复，用为避免重复，用that.e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.e.g.Which of the books that are borrowed from the library is yours?e.g.Who was t

16、he man(that)she danced with?1.1.This is all _ I know about the This is all _ I know about the matter.matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whetherA.that B.what C.who D.whether2.2.Is there anything else _ you Is there anything else _ you want?want?A.which B.that C.who D.whatA.which B.that C.who D.what3.3.The

17、last place _ we visited The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.itA.which B.that C.where D.itA AB BB B 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点 或原因的名词或代词或句子，在从句中作或原因的名词或代词或句子，在从句中作状语。状语。关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语时

18、间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived two years ago.Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late.she was late.Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined I joined the league.the league.on whichin w

19、hichfor which关系副词在从句中做状语，此时相当于“介词+which”。时间状语地点状语原因状语关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：（1）whom,which作作介词宾语介词宾语时，介词一时，介词一般可以放在它们的般可以放在它们的前面前面，也可以放在从句，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定固定词组词组中，介词应该放在中，介词应该放在原来原来的位置上。的位置上。There is a room in which you can study.which you study in.Rose is the st

20、udent whom you should look after/take care of.a)我仍然记得我参军的那一天我仍然记得我参军的那一天。I still remember the day.On that day I joined the army I still remember the day when I joined the army.或 I still remember the day on which I joined the army.b)b)这就是这就是 我们去年住的我们去年住的 房屋。房屋。（）This is the house.This is the house.We

21、 lived in it last year.We lived in it last year.This is the house This is the house wherewhere we we lived last year.lived last year.或或This is the house This is the house in whichin which we we lived last year.lived last year.或或 This is the house This is the house whichwhich we we lived lived inin l

22、ast year.last year.这是我们去年参观的地方。这是我们去年参观的地方。这是我们去年工作的地方。这是我们去年工作的地方。a)a)vt.vt.vi.vi.This is the place This is the place which/thatwhich/that we visited last year.we visited last year.This is the place This is the place wherewhere we we worked last year.worked last year.我仍然记得我入团的那一天。我仍然记得我入团的那一天。我仍然记得

23、我们一起度过的那一天。我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。b)b)I still remember the day I still remember the day when when I joined the League.I joined the League.I still remember the day I still remember the day that/that/whichwhich we spent together.we spent together.c)c)你知道你知道 他迟到的他迟到的 原因吗？原因吗？（）Do you know the reason?Do you kn

24、ow the reason?He was late for that reason.He was late for that reason.Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy he he was late?was late?或或Do you know the reason Do you know the reason for for whichwhich he was late?he was late?2 2）当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并）当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用非就用when,where,why wh

25、en,where,why 来引导定语来引导定语从句。从句。例如：例如：3 3、判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全用关系代词，还是关系副词完全 This is the mountain village This is the mountain village wherewhere I stayed last year.I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。这是我去年呆过的山村。取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及

26、物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：Ill never forget the days Ill never forget the days whenwhen I I worked together with you.worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。方法二：方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词择出关系代词/关系副词。关系副词。A.whereA.whereB.thatB.that C

27、.on which C.on which D.the oneD.the one例例1.1.Is this the museum _ you Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?visited a few days ago?例例2.2.Is this museum _ you Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?visited a few days ago?A.whereA.whereB.thatB.that C.on which C.on which D.the oneD.the o

28、neB BD DReturning from the holiday,my classmates are talking excitedly about the places _ they paid a visit.A.that B.which C.where D.to which 找找 出先行词代代之入从句(补充补充)使完整替入替入关系词具体步骤:the placestowhich定人要用 who(主)whom(宾);定物which当先行;定人定物that行;介词后that行不通.Is this the factory _you visited last year?A.that B.wher

29、e C.in which D.the one(that/which)Is this factory _ you visited last year?(the one)Practice:1.The factory _ owner is from Shanghai is very big.A.which B.where C.whose D.of which2.The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whosethe boss

30、 ssthe factorywhosewhosein3.This is the house _ the window was broken yesterday evening.A.of which B.to which C.whose D.in whichthe houseofwhich1.The sun heats the earth,_ is very important to us.2.He failed in the exam,_ was expected.A.that B.as C.which D.it E.B&C 当先行词为主句时，关系词用当先行词为主句时，关系词用which或或a

31、s，它们的区别在于，它们的区别在于，as含有含有“正如正如”的意思。的意思。*The Attributive clauses caused by“asCB3.I want to buy the same pen _ you are using.4.This is the same bicycle _ I have lost.A.that B.as C.which D.it E.A&B“the sameas”引导的定语从句表示从句所指引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一类事物，即的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一类事物，即同一个款式的，或同一个牌子等。同一个款式的，或同一个牌子等

32、。“the samethat”引导的定语从句表示从句所引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一事物。指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一事物。BE5.This is _ stone _ no one can lift it.6.This is _ stone _ no one can lift.A.so heavy a,that B.so a heavy,as C.such a heavy,as D.such heavy a,that “sosuchthat.”引导的是结果状语从句，从句引导的是结果状语从句，从句的成分是完整的，也就是说的成分是完整的，也就是说that只起连接作用。只起连接作用。“sosuch as”引导的是定语从句，从句的成分引导的是定语从句，从句的成分是不完整的，也就是说是不完整的，也就是说as代替先行词在从句中充当代替先行词在从句中充当成分。成分。AC