Unit 4 Fun with science 课文英汉对照阅读-2022新牛津译林版(2020)《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.docx
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1、Unit4FunwithscienceReadingThe human microbiome: an invisible microuniverse人类微生物群系:一个看不见的微宇宙What organisms live with us, make up about two per cent of an adults body mass, yet are invisible to the naked eye? They are the estimated 39 trillion microorganisms living in and on our body, like bacteria an
2、d viruses, which compose the human microbiome!什么生物和我们共生,约占成年人体重的2%,而肉眼却看不见?它们是生活在我们体内和体表的约39万亿个微生物,比如细菌和病毒,它们构成了人类微生物群系!不过没必要恐慌,因为它们大多数都是对健康有益的。尽管极其微小,这些微生物会以巨大的意想不到的方式影响我们的身心。But there is no need to panic, for most of them are there to keep us healthy. Even though incredibly small, these microorgan
3、isms influence our body and mind in big unexpected ways.So, where do these microorganisms come from? Well, they have always been a part of us. Our very first birthday gift-three quarters of the essential microorganisms we need to survive and grow-is from our mother when we are born. By the time we r
4、each two years old, we have our very own personal collection of microorganisms that reflects the various circumstances of our lives. Going through life, we further expose ourselves to foreign microorganisms, which cause a part of our microbiome to change every day. However, our core set of microorga
5、nisms, approximately two thirds, stays fairly constant throughout our lives.那么,这些微生物是从哪里来的呢?其实,他们一直是我们的一部分。我们的第一份生日礼物-我们生存和成长所需的基本微生物的四分之三-在出生时从母亲那里获得。到两岁时,我们就有了个人的微生物群,它们反映着我们生活的各种环境。生活中,我们进一步接触外来微生物,导致我们的微生物群系每天都在发生局部变化。但是,占比约三分之二的核心微生物群,在我们一生中是相当稳定的。The make-up and state of our special blend of m
6、icroorganisms affects us physically, including our immune system, weight and sleep patterns. Every day, the resident microorganisms in our bodies compete with the invading ones, preventing them from getting a foothold, thus helping form a strong immune system and keep us healthy. Similarly, the comp
7、osition of our gut microbiome plays a vital role in regulating our body weight. Besides helping digest food, evidence indicates that gut microorganisms affect the way we store fat and respond to chemicals that make us feel hungry or full. As a result, without the proper mix of microorganisms in the
8、gut, we might suffer from health problems like obesity. Added to this, microorganisms can influence certain aspects of our sleep patterns. If we stay up all night or travel rapidly through many time zones, we may interrupt the microorganisms biological schedules, which is likely to cause a disturban
9、ce in our normal sleep routine.我们特有的微生物混合体的构成与状态影响着我们的身体健康,包括我们的免疫系统、体重和睡眠模式。每天,我们体内的常驻微生物与入侵微生物竞争,阻止它们立足,从而有助于形成强大的免疫系统,让我们保持健康。同样,我们肠道微生物群系的构成在调节体重方面至关重要。除了能帮助消化食物,有证据显示,肠道微生物还会影响我们储存脂肪的方式,以及让我们产生饥饿感和饱腹感的相关化学品的应答方式。因此,如果肠道微生物组合出差错,就会引发肥胖等健康问题。此外,微生物还会影响我们睡眠模式的某些方面。如果熬夜或快速跨越多个时区,体内微生物的生物钟会被打乱,进而有可能
10、干扰我们正常的睡眠习惯。The influence of microorganisms reaches beyond physical health to our cognitive and psychological well-being. Believe it or not, gut microorganisms affect how well the brain functions. While scientists are still at the early stages of uncovering exactly how gut microorganisms communicate
11、 with the brain, they do know that the brain and the gut talk to each other. For example, when the body is stressed, ill or old, some gut microorganisms respond negatively, releasing harmful substances which may enter the brain through the bloodstream. When the immune system attacks these substances
12、, it often kills healthy brain nerve cells. Furthermore, gut microorganisms help regulate brain chemistry with certain chemicals they produce, so an imbalance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the gut can negatively affect brain chemistry. These gut-brain interactions sometimes result in s
13、uch problems as memory loss and depression. It is therefore important that we take good care of our gut microorganisms so as to improve our cognitive capabilities and enhance our psychological health.微生物的影响不仅限于身体健康,还涉及我们的认知和心理健康。不管你信不信,肠道微生物会影响大脑功能。虽然科学家还处于探究肠道微生物与大脑交流方式的初级阶段,但他们的确知道大脑和肠道能相互“交谈”。例如,
14、当身体压力大、生病或衰老时,一些肠道微生物会作出消极反应,释放一些有害物质,这些物质可能随血液进人大脑。免疫系统在攻击这些物质时,经常杀死健康的脑神经细胞。此外,肠道微生物用它们产生的某些化学品来帮助调节大脑化学结构,因此肠道中有益和有害微生物的失衡会对大脑化学结构产生负面影响。这种肠脑交互作用有时会导致诸如记忆力减退和抑郁等问题。因此,照顾好我们的肠道微生物,这很重要,可以提高我们的认知能力和改善我们的心理健康。Given their importance, scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage o
15、f microorganisms within the field of human health. Successful projects have found ways to improve the immune system through microbiome transplants-using good microorganisms to replace bad ones. Furthermore, the findings of how the microbiome affects psychological health have given rise to a whole ne
16、w class of medicines that could be used for treating serious mental illnesses, as well as relieving daily stress and anxiety. In the future, we might even be capable of developing microbiome vaccinations that could get rid of current health issues like obesity or malnutrition.鉴于它们的重要性,科学家正在努力探究在人类健康
17、领域利用微生物的方法。有些项目已经成功地找到了通过微生物群系移植来改善免疫系统的方法,即用“好”微生物取代“坏”微生物。而且,关于微生物群系如何影响心理健康的研究成果催生了一类全新药物,可用于治疗严重心理疾病,以及缓解日常压力和焦虑。未来,我们甚至可能研发出“微生物群系疫苗”,从而攻克肥胖、营养不良等现有的健康问题。Microorganisms, those tiny creatures we carry around all our lives, have surprised us with their seemingly limitless potential. They will cer
18、tainly reveal more secrets as researchers continue to explore their world. The invisible microuniverse is filled with endless possibilities waiting to be explored, just like the great universe out there.微生物,那些伴随我们一生的小东西,它们似乎无穷无尽的潜力让我们震惊。随着研究者对微生物世界的持续探究,肯定会有更多奥秘被揭开。看不见的微宇宙就像那大宇宙一样,蕴含着无限可能,只等我们去发掘。(译
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