人教版八年级英语上册知识点(合集三篇).docx

1、人教版八年级英语上册知识点(合集三篇)人教版八年级英语上册知识点篇1句子成分和类型1.主语：句子所陈述的对象。2.谓语：主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。3.宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。4.系动词：表示状态或状态变化的动词，没有实际的动作意义。如 be， 感官系动词(look， sound， smell， taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep， stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等。5.表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。6.定语：修饰名词或代词的成分。7.状语： 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。8.补

2、语：分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明，与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(You是主语， should keep是谓语，the room是宾语，clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(This kind of food是主语， tastes是系动词， delicious是表语。)注意：主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分

3、，不是主干成分。9.简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。10.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。11.两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。一般疑问句一、不用疑问词，但需要用yes或no回答的疑问句，叫一般疑问句。句末用问号“?”。一般疑问句的基本用法及结构一般疑问句用于对某一情况提出疑问，通常可用yes和no来回答，读时用升调。其基本结构是“be / have / 助动词+主语+谓语(表语)”：Is he interested in going? 他有兴趣去吗?Have you ever been to J

4、apan? 你到过日本吗?Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒吗?Did you ask her which to buy? 你问没问她该买哪一个?二、陈述句变一般疑问句的方法1.动词be的疑问式：动词be根据不同的时态和人称可以有am， is， are， was， were等不同形式，可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等)，但不管何种情况，构成疑问式时，一律将动词be的适当形式置于句首：句型：Be动词+主语?Is your father angry?你父亲生气了吗?Yes，he is.是的，他生气了。No，he isnt.不

5、，他没生气。Were the babies crying last night?(进行时)昨天晚上这些孩子们一直在哭吗?Yes，they were.是的，他们在哭。No，they werent.不，他们没哭。Is English spoken all over the world?(被动语态)全世界都说英语吗?Yes，it is.是的。No，it isnt.不。2.动词have的疑问式：动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have， has， had等形式，可以用作实意动词和助动词，分以下情况讨论：用作实意动词表示状态，如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等，在构成构成式时可以直

6、接将have， has， had置于句首，也可根据情况在句首使用do， does， did：Does he have Has he anything to say? 他有什么话要说吗?Do you have Have you to leave so soon? 你必须这么早走吗?Did you have Had you any friends then? 他当时有朋友吗?用作实意动词表示动作，如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等，构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首，而应在句首使用do， does， d

7、id：Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐吗?Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?完成时的一般疑问句句型：Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+?Have you known her since your childhood?你从童年就认识她吗?Yes，I have.是的。No，I havent.不。过去完成时的一般疑问句句型：Had +主语+动词的过去分词+?Had he learned about two thousand Englishwords before he came he

8、re?他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗?Yes，he had.是的。No，he hadnt.不。3.情态动词的疑问式：情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首：句型：情态动词+主语+动词原形?Can you bring me some apples?你能给我拿来些苹果吗?Yes，I can.是的，可以。No，I cant.不，不可以。Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?Must I finish the work at once? 我必须马上完成工作吗?4.实意动词的疑问式：一般实意动词的疑问式，通常应根据不同时态和人称在句首加助动词do， does， did等

9、：句型：Do(Does，Did)+主语+动词原形?Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上学吗?Does the boy like dancing? 这男孩喜欢唱歌吗?Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了这部电影吗?Did he do morning exercises yesterday?昨天他做早操了吗?Yes，he did.是的，他做了。No，he didnt.不，他没做。特殊疑问句用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句，我们把疑问词分为三类：疑问

10、代词：what，who，Which，whose，whom疑问副词：when，where，why，how疑问形容词：what(which，whose)+名词一、疑问代词的用法1.what引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。A.对主语提问What is in your pocket?你口袋里有什么?这个问题可以有两种回答：a：There is an egg in it.在口袋里有一个蛋。b：An egg is(in it).一个蛋(在里面)。There are a lot of chairs in it.=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。注意回答此句型

11、的问题时，答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。B.对宾语提问What did you buy?你买了什么?C.对表语提问What is this?这是什么?Its a bench.这是一条长凳。What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?2.Who，whom，whose引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。Who broke the window?(对主语提问)谁打破了窗户?who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格，对宾语提问，但在口语中who可以代替whom。Li Ming did.李明打破的。Who is that woman?(对表语提问)那个女人是谁?Sh

12、e is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)或者：She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)二、疑问形容词的用法what，which，whose后面跟上名词时，这三个疑问词起形容词作用。What sports do you like?(对宾语提问)你喜欢什么运动?I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。Whose pens are these?(对表语提问)这些是谁的钢笔?They are Li Mings.这些是李明的。Whose father died two years ago?(对主语提问)两年前谁的父亲死了?Which picture did you take?(对宾语

13、提问)哪一张照片是你拍的?I took the one on the right.右边的那一张是我拍的。三、疑问副词的用法句型：疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序?(疑问副词在句中作状语，所以它们不可能对主语提问)when引导的疑问句：询问时间When were you born?你何时出生?(I was born)on June 5，1962.我是1962年6月5日出生的。人教版八年级英语上册知识点篇2Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?anyoneeniw?n pron.任何人anywhere eniwe?(r)adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方wonderf

14、ul w?nd?fladj.精彩的;极好的few fju? adj.很少的;n.少量most m?st adj.最多的;大多数的;something s?m?pron.某事物;nothing(=notanything)n? pron.没有什么n.没有myself ma?selfpron.我自己everyone evriw?npron.每人;人人yourself j?selfpron.你自己;你亲自hen hen n.母鸡;雌禽bored b?d adj.无聊的;厌烦的;郁闷的pig n.猪diary da?ri n.日记;日记簿(keep a diary)seem si?m vi.似乎;好像s

15、omeone s?mw?npron.某人;有人quite a few相当多;不少(后接可数名词)of course ?vk?s当然activity ?kt?v?tin.活动;活跃decide d?sa?dv.决定;选定(decide to do sth.)try tra? v.尝试;设法;努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)bird b?d n.鸟;禽paragliding p?r?la?d?n.空中滑翔跳伞bicycle ba?s?kln.自行车building b?ld?n.建筑物trader tre?d?(r)n.商人;商船wonder w?nd?(r)

16、v.惊奇;想知道;怀疑difference d?fr?nsn.差异;不同top t?p n.顶部;顶wait we?t v.等;等待(wait for)umbrella ?mbrel?n.伞;雨伞wet wet adj.湿的;雨天的below b?l?prep.低于;在.下面adv.在下面as ?z conj.如同;像.一样enough ?n?fadj.足够的adv.足够地;充分地duck d?k n.鸭肉;鸭hungry(反full) h?ri adj.饥饿的;渴望的feel like(doingsth.)想要dislike d?sla?kv.不喜欢;厌恶 n.不喜爱;厌恶;反感重点短语1.

17、 go on vacation去度假2.stay at home 待在家里3.go to the mountains 去爬山4. go to the beach 去海滩5. visit museums 参观博物馆6. go to summer camp 去参加夏令营7.quite a few 相当多8.study for 为而学习9.go out 出去10.most of the time 大部分时间11. taste good 尝起来很好吃12.have a good time 玩得高兴13. of course 当然14.feel like 给的感觉;感受到15.go shopping 去

18、购物16.in the past 在过去17. walk around 四处走走18. because of 因为19. one bowl of 一碗20. the next day 第二天21. drink tea 喝茶22. find out 找出; 查明23. go on 继续24.take photos 照相25. something important 重要的事26. up and down 上上下下27. come up 出来28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物29. taste + adj. 尝起来30. look+adj. 看起来

19、31.nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有32.seem+(tobe)+ adj. 看起来33. arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地34.decide to do sth. 决定去做某事35. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 /36. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事37. forget doingsth. 忘记做过某事/38. forget to dosth. 忘记做某事39. enjoy doingsth. 喜欢做某事40. want to do sth. 想去做某事41. start doing sth. 开始做某事42

20、. stop doing sth. 停止做某事43. dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事44. keep doing sth. 继续做某事45. Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做呢?46. so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快三、重点句子：1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的?2. Long time no see. 好

21、久不见。3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了吗?4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。5. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。6. I bought something for my father. 我给我爸爸买了些东西。7. How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样?8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with myfam

22、ily.今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。9. For lunch, we had something very special. 午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。10. butmany of the old buildings are still there.但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。12. And because of the bad weather , we couldnt see anything below.并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。

23、语法：复合不定代词或副的构成及用法构成：由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词;加上-where构成副词。用法：(1)合成不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等。Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.(2)不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading.(3)some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中;any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。但

24、some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。Someone is calling me.There isnt anyone else there.Is anybody over there?Could you give me something to eat?(4)形容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。There is something delicious on the table.(5)somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。Flowers come out everywhere.注： 形容词修饰不定代词要后置：

25、anythingspecial 不定代词做主语时谓语用单数.八年级上册英语单元知识点归纳篇三Unit2. How often do you exercise?【重点短语】1. help with housework 帮助做家务活2. go shopping 去购物3. on weekends 在周末4. how often 多久一次5. hardly ever 几乎不6. once a week 每周一次7. twice a month 每月二次8. go to the movies 去看电影9. every day 每天10. use the Internet 上网/用网11. be fre

26、e 有空12. have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课13. swing dance 摇摆舞14. play tennis 打网球15. stay up late 熬夜16. at least 至少17. go to bed early 早睡18. play sports 锻炼身体19. be good for 对. 有好处20. go camping 去野营21. in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间22. not.at all 根本不23. the most popular 最流行的24. such as 例如25. go to the de

27、ntist 去看牙医26. more than 超过/多于27. Old habits die hard. 旧习惯难改28. hard=difficult 困难的29. less than 少于/不到人教版八年级英语上册知识点篇3Unit 1.How often do you exercise?I. 重点短语归纳：on weekends 在周末1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after=take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skateboarding 去滑滑

28、板watch TV看电视6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康keep + 形容词 表保持某种状态do some reading 阅读7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports锻炼8. eating habits 饮食习惯9. take more exercise 做更多的运动10. the same as 与什么相同11. once a month一月一次12. be different from 不同13. twice a week一周两次.three times a

29、week一周三次14. make a difference to 对什么有影响As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。A false step will make a great difference to my future.错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。15. how often 多久一次，询问动作发生的频率how many times 多少次 ，用来提问做某事的次数16. although=th

30、ough虽然 Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.)句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”;有because就不能再用so.17. most of the students=most students大多数学生18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物19. as for至于20. activity survey活动调查21. do homework做家庭作业22. do house work做家务事23. eat less meat吃更少的肉24. junk food垃圾食物25. be good for 对什么有益26. be bad for对什么有害27. want to do sth 想做某事28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth 尽量做某事30. come home from school放学回家