2020广东省广州市中考英语语法专项复习(课件) 专题十一 非谓语动词.pptx

1、非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式要包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（）、动名词（doing）、现）、现在分词（在分词（doing）和过去分词（）和过去分词（done）。）。非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍然保留动词的某些特征。在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍然保留动词的某些特征。初中阶段要重点掌握动词不定式的基本用法。初中阶段要重点掌握动词不定式的基本用法。结构结构例子例子肯定形式肯定形式“to+动动词原形词原形”(有的不有的不带带to)He asked me to play football with him.他

2、叫我和他一起踢足球。他叫我和他一起踢足球。(带带to)I saw a boy go across the road just now.我刚才看见一个男孩过了马路。我刚才看见一个男孩过了马路。(不带不带to)否定形式否定形式“not to+动词原形动词原形”The teacher told me not to be late again.老师告诉我不要再迟到。老师告诉我不要再迟到。1 动词不定式的形式与特点结构结构例子例子动词动词+to do sth.Suddenly it began to rain.(to rain作作began的宾语的宾语)天突然开始下雨。天突然开始下雨。I hope to

3、 see the famous scientist.(to see作作hope的宾语的宾语)我希望见到这位著名的科学家。我希望见到这位著名的科学家。2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语（1）不定式作宾语）不定式作宾语常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词want to do sth.想做某事想做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事承诺做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事计划做某事like to do sth.喜欢做某事喜欢做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事拒绝做某事begin(start)to do sth.开始做某事开始做某

4、事try to do sth.尽力做某事尽力做某事expect to do sth.期望做某事期望做某事would like to do sth.愿意做某事愿意做某事2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词decide to do sth.决定做某事决定做某事offer to do sth.主动提出做某事主动提出做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事学习做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事希望做某事afford to do sth.承担得起做某事承担得起做某事help(to)do sth.帮忙做某事帮忙做某事ag

5、ree to do sth.同意做某事同意做某事continue to do sth.继续做某事继续做某事pretend to do sth.假装做某事假装做某事2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语结构结构例子例子疑问词疑问词与不定式与不定式连用作宾连用作宾语语when to do(什么时候做什么时候做)，how to do(怎样做怎样做)，what to do(做什么做什么)，where to do(在哪儿做在哪儿做)，which to do(做哪一个做哪一个)。如：。如：I dont know what to buy for my mother.(what to buy作作kno

6、w的宾语的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。我不知道给妈妈买什么。2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语结构结构例子例子it作形式宾语，作形式宾语，后面的不定式作后面的不定式作真正的宾语真正的宾语I find it difficult to learn Chinese well.我发现学好中文很难。我发现学好中文很难。2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语（2）不定式作宾语补足语）不定式作宾语补足语My father asked Mary to buy some flowers back.我爸爸叫玛丽去买些花回来。我爸爸叫玛丽去买些花回来

7、。（Mary在句中作宾语，在句中作宾语，to buy补充说明补充说明Mary要做的事）要做的事）Mr.Li told us not to play computer games in the net bar.李老师告诉我们不要在网吧玩电脑游戏。李老师告诉我们不要在网吧玩电脑游戏。（us在句中作宾语，在句中作宾语，not to play补充说明补充说明us不要做的事）不要做的事）2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语常见的有类似用法的动词有：常见的有类似用法的动词有：ask sb.(not)to do sth.叫某人（不要）做某事叫某人（不要）做某事wish sb.(not)to do

8、sth.希望某人（不要）做某事希望某人（不要）做某事tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事告诉某人（不要）做某事would like sb.(not)to do sth.想要某人（不要）做某事想要某人（不要）做某事want sb.(not)to do sth.想某人（不要）做某事想某人（不要）做某事encourage sb.(not)to do sth.鼓励某人（不要）做某事鼓励某人（不要）做某事2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语常见的有类似用法的动词有：常见的有类似用法的动词有：teach sb.(not)to do sth.教某人（不要）做某事教某

9、人（不要）做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事expect sb.(not)to do sth.盼望某人（不要）做某事盼望某人（不要）做某事invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事advise sb.(not)to do sth.建议某人（不要）做某事建议某人（不要）做某事help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事2 用法：作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 和主语（3）不定式作目的状语）不定式作目的状语 She went to China to learn Chinese.(to learn作目的状语作目的状语

10、)她去中国学中文。她去中国学中文。（4）不定式作主语）不定式作主语 To do sports is very healthy.=It is very healthy to do sports.做运动是很健康的。做运动是很健康的。()1.Remember your personal information to strangers on WeChat.Its dangerous.(2019佛山顺德三模佛山顺德三模)A.to tell B.not to tell C.not tell D.tell()2.Fred hopes his spoken English,so he practices i

11、t every day.(2019辽宁葫芦岛辽宁葫芦岛)A.improve B.improves C.improving D.to improve()3.Mrs.Green refuses sweet food.She doesnt want to get fat.(2019海南改编海南改编)A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.not to eat()4.Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading.(2019肇庆怀集二模肇庆怀集二模)A.to develop B.develop C.t

12、o developing D.developing()5.Joe has decided the coming summer holiday with his family in Xinjiang.(2019上海金山二模上海金山二模)A.spend B.spent C.to spend D.spendingmake sb.do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事watch sb.do(doing)sth.注视着某人（正在）做某事注视着某人（正在）做某事let sb.do sth.让某人做某事让某人做某事notice sb.do(doing)sth.注意到某人（正在）做某事注意到某人（正在）做某事

13、1 省略to的不定式 使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，若为主动语态，不定式要省略补时，若为主动语态，不定式要省略to；若为被动语态，；若为被动语态，要补上要补上to。常考的有：。常考的有：have sb.do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事see sb.do(doing)sth.看见某人（正在）做某事看见某人（正在）做某事hear sb.do(doing)sth.听见某人（正在）做某事听见某人（正在）做某事例如：例如：I often see him run in the park.（省略（省略to）我经常看见他在公园里跑步。我经常

14、看见他在公园里跑步。1 省略to的不定式2 不带to的常用句型句型句型例子例子had better(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事You had better stay here because its raining hard outside.would rather do A than do B 宁愿做宁愿做A，也不愿做，也不愿做BI would rather stay at home than go out to play.2 不带to的常用句型句型句型例子例子prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做宁愿做A，也不愿做，也不愿做BHe

15、 prefers to have a class rather than have a rest.Why dont you do sth.?为什么不做某事？为什么不做某事？Why dont you go out to see a film with me?2 不带to的常用句型句型句型例子例子Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事？为什么不做某事？Why not visit me sometime next week?Would/Could you please do sth.?请问你能做某事吗？请问你能做某事吗？Would/Could you please pass me a gla

16、ss of water?()1.Tony,would you please the red box?Its for your sister.(2019东莞二模改编东莞二模改编)A.not open B.not to open C.dont open D.to not open()2.The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot.(2019上海上海)A.laugh B.laughing C.to laugh D.laughed()3.To save money,my grandfather would rather 1th

17、e old bike than a new one.(2019粤西地区一模粤西地区一模)A.repair;to buy B.repair;buy C.to repair;to buy D.to repair;buy()4.Youd better hard from now on,or you will fail in the exam.(2019黑龙江改编黑龙江改编)A.work B.working C.to work D.not to work()5.Mr.Smiths response to the news made Jerry 1how bad the situation was.(2

18、019上海普陀一模上海普陀一模)A.realize B.to realize C.realized D.realizing1 动名词的基本形式和性质（1）动名词是由）动名词是由“动词原形动词原形+ing”构成，形式与动词的现构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。如：在分词相同。如：No smoking here.这里禁止吸烟。这里禁止吸烟。（2）动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以）动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语带宾语和状语,组成动名词短语；名词的性质是在句子中组成动名词短语；名词的性质是在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语。如：可以充当主语、表语、宾语、介词

19、宾语。如：She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。（作宾语）她喜欢集邮。（作宾语）avoid doing sth.避免做某事避免做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事介意做某事finish doing sth.完成做某事完成做某事like doing sth.喜欢做某事喜欢做某事practise doing sth.练习做某事练习做某事keep doing sth.坚持做某事坚持做某事enjoy doing sth.乐意做某事乐意做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事考虑做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事建议做某事

20、2 常考的后接动名词的动词及动词短语prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事spend(in)doing sth.花花做某事做某事prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起做某事比起做某事,更喜欢做某事更喜欢做某事cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事禁不住做某事feel like doing sth.想做某事想做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事注意做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事忙于做某事

21、2 常考的后接动名词的动词及动词短语be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事习惯做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某事值得做某事look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事盼望做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事放弃做某事have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难做某事有困难succeed in doing sth.成功做某事成功做某事What/How about doing sth.?做某事怎样？做某事怎样？2 常考的后接动名词的动词及动词短语stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事s

22、top to do sth.停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事try doing sth.尝试做某事尝试做某事try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事设法或努力去做某事3有些动词后既可接不定式，也可接-ing形式，但意义不同remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）记得做过某事（已做）remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）记得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）忘记做过某事（已做）forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）忘记去做某事（未做）3有些动词后既可接不定式，也可接-ing形式，但意义不同be/g

23、et used to doing sth.习惯做某事习惯做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事过去常常做某事regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔（已做）对做过的事感到后悔（已做）regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）3有些动词后既可接不定式，也可接-ing形式，但意义不同()1.The man avoided out because he wanted to save more money.(2019揭阳揭西一模揭阳揭西一模)A.to eat B.eat C.to eating D.eating()2.I have t

24、rouble the new word.Can you help me?Sure.You can look it up in the dictionary.(2019广西贵港广西贵港)A.understanding B.to understand C.understand D.understood()3.Kevin is looking forward to his family this Christmas because he hasnt been home for the holidays in years!(2019东莞东城一中一模改编东莞东城一中一模改编)A.not visit B.

25、not visiting C.visit D.visitsing()4.The China Railway Tunnel Group has spent three years that tunnel in Uzbekistan.(2019上海金山一模上海金山一模)A.to build B.built C.building D.build()5.The little boy kept questions about the spaceship while we were in the Space Museum.(2019上海宝山二模上海宝山二模)A.ask B.asked C.to ask D

26、.asking()1.Would you like a film with us tonight?Sorry,I have to help my mother do housework.(2019黑龙江大庆黑龙江大庆)A.see B.to see C.seeing D.to seeing()2.In my opinion,animals shouldnt be kept for fun.I think so.Forests are the best places for animals in.(2019湖北孝感改编湖北孝感改编)A.live B.living C.to live D.to li

27、ving()3.Businessmen prefer e-mails to communicate with each other rather than phone calls.(2019甘肃天甘肃天水水)A.write;make B.to write;make C.to write;to make D.write;to make()4.The manager often suggests on both sides of the paper in order to save resources.(2019上海浦东二模上海浦东二模)A.write B.writes C.writing D.t

28、o write()5.I have worked hard at English,but it seems that I havent made any progress.Keep on at it,and you will be successful.(2019河南第三次联考河南第三次联考)A.work B.working C.to work D.worked()6.Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it.(2019云南昆明改编云南昆明改编)A.visiting B.to visit C.vi

29、sit D.visits()7.Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network?Right.5G will allow us English movies faster than ever.(2019湖北咸宁湖北咸宁)A.download B.downloads C.to download D.downloading()8.There was a lot of traffic,but Dan and his friends managed at the airport in time.(2019上海普陀二模上

30、海普陀二模)A.arrive B.arrived C.to arrive D.arriving()9.As a soldier,Johnson had no choice but his captains orders.(2019上海静安一模上海静安一模)A.obey B.to obey C.obeyed D.obeying()10.Tara practices for two hours every day to take part in a speech contest.(2019上海黄浦二模上海黄浦二模)A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaking1.天太热

31、了天太热了,我们不介意把窗户打开。我们不介意把窗户打开。Its too hot.We dont mind .2.政府鼓励我们科学地处理垃圾。政府鼓励我们科学地处理垃圾。The government encourages us 1 rubbish in a scientific way.opening the windowto deal with3.今天早晨我们吃光了所有的蔬菜今天早晨我们吃光了所有的蔬菜,所以我们最好去超市所以我们最好去超市 买一些。买一些。We ate all the vegetables this morning,so we 1 some in the supermarke

32、t.4.我们的老师总是告诫我们：在学习中不要逃避任何困难。我们的老师总是告诫我们：在学习中不要逃避任何困难。Our teacher always tells us any difficulty in studying.better buyhadnot to avoid5.我五岁就会做家务了。我五岁就会做家务了。I was able at the age of 5.6.我的英语老师总是尽力使她的课更加有趣。我的英语老师总是尽力使她的课更加有趣。My English teacher always tries her best 1 her class more interesting.7.许多次我都

33、想放弃许多次我都想放弃,但我奋力坚持了下来。但我奋力坚持了下来。Many times I thought about ,but I fought on.to do houseworkto makegiving up1.C 考查数词。作定语，相当于一个形容词，表示考查数词。作定语，相当于一个形容词，表示“岁的岁的”，故用，故用14yearold。2.D 考查定语从句的关系代词。此处是一个定语从句，考查定语从句的关系代词。此处是一个定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词a pretty girl指人，故指人，故用用who。3.C 考查时态。由后面的考查时态。由后面的

34、three times可知，动作是从过可知，动作是从过去开始持续到现在，时态是现在完成时，故用去开始持续到现在，时态是现在完成时，故用has won。4.A 考查时态。由前面的考查时态。由前面的two years ago可知，此处时态可知，此处时态是一般过去时，故用是一般过去时，故用was。5.A 考查连词。由句意考查连词。由句意“Donna需要一个新的心脏，否则需要一个新的心脏，否则她将会死她将会死”可知，此处用可知，此处用or。6.A 考查形容词。系动词考查形容词。系动词was后接形容词作表语，固定搭后接形容词作表语，固定搭配：配：be worried about意为意为“为为担忧担忧”，

35、故用，故用worried。7.B 考查动词。考查动词。want sb.to do sth.意为意为“想要某人做某想要某人做某事事”，故用，故用to die。8.D 考查时态。连词考查时态。连词and连接两个并列的句子，由前一句连接两个并列的句子，由前一句的时态（一般将来时）可知，此处也是一般将来时，故用的时态（一般将来时）可知，此处也是一般将来时，故用will give。10.D 考查副词。由上下文及句意可知，他有时候会头痛，考查副词。由上下文及句意可知，他有时候会头痛，表示表示“有时候有时候”，用，用sometimes。9.B 考查代词。作宾语，用人称代词的宾格形式，故用考查代词。作宾语，用

36、人称代词的宾格形式，故用him。11.B 考查介词。由句意可知，他在一阵头痛中醒来，表示考查介词。由句意可知，他在一阵头痛中醒来，表示“伴随伴随”，用，用with。12.A 考查情态动词。由上下文句意可知，头痛导致他不能考查情态动词。由上下文句意可知，头痛导致他不能呼吸了，故用呼吸了，故用couldnt。14.C 考查被动语态。主语考查被动语态。主语heart 与与take out之间存在被动关之间存在被动关系，因此用被动语态，文章的时态是一般过去时，故用系，因此用被动语态，文章的时态是一般过去时，故用was taken。13.B 考查副词。修饰动词考查副词。修饰动词sent用副词，且无比较义，故用用副词，且无比较义，故用quickly。15.A 考查冠词。此处指上文提到的考查冠词。此处指上文提到的Jims heart，第二次提，第二次提及用定冠词及用定冠词the。