(5年高考3年模拟A版)江苏省高考英语总复习专题六情态动词和虚拟语气课件.pptx

1、专题六情态动词和虚拟语气高考英语（江苏专用）高考英语（江苏专用）考点一考点一 情态动词情态动词情态动词具有一定的词义,没有人称和数的变化,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。You may use my dictionary.你可以使用我的字典。(表示“允许”)You cant have seen him just now.He has been abroad for nearly a month.你刚才不可能看见他,他已经出国近一个月了。(表示“推测”)一、表能力一、表能力表现在的能力表将来的能力:will be able tocanam/is/are able to考点

2、考点清单清单 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the mon-ey.(现在的能力)如果我现在能有钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem.(将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题。could,was/were able to,:managed to do sth./succeeded in doing sth.could have done表示过去的能力 不表示是否做表

3、示过去有能力做并且成功地做了相当于表示过去本来能够做但未做The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都逃了出去。I could have worked out the problem,but I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做)我本来可以解出这道题,但我太紧张了。二、表推测二、表推测(可能性可能性)1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。客观的可能性并不表示具

4、体某事是否会发生,而用来说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的(或理论的)可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,can 一般不用于肯定句。Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)We may go to the cinema tonight,but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影,但还没确定。(实际可能性,不用can)2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次(由强及弱)比较(见下表)词形肯定式否定式疑问式must必定,必然/s

5、hould按说应该应该不会/ought to按说应该应该不会/can/不可能有可能吗?could微弱的可能不可能语气比can弱may或许,也许,也说不定可能不/might比may还弱比may not还弱/(1)在肯定句中表推测(must/have to,should/ought to,may,might,could)当说话者表达怀疑或犹豫之意时,需用may,might或could,其中might,could比may所表达的怀疑或犹豫之意更强。That may be our taxi now!现在那辆可能就是我们的出租车了!That could/might be our taxi(but I d

6、oubt it).那辆有可能是我们的出租车(但我有所怀疑)。当说话者表达毫无疑问的结论时,需用must和have to(较通俗),意为:一定,肯定;should和ought to所表达的程度不如must强,但比may,might和could强,should/ought to表示推测出合乎理想的情况或结果,意为:按说应该。He must/has to be the wanted man.Hes exactly like the one in this pic-ture.他一定是被通缉的那个男子。他和这张照片上的人一模一样。He ought to/should be here on timehe

7、started early enough.他应该按时到这里的他出发得够早的。(2)在否定句中表推测(may not,might not,shouldnt,cant,couldnt)否定语气较弱时,常用should not(应该不会),或用may not,might not(可能不,也许不);否定语气较强时,则用cant或couldnt(不可能)。Dont worry.Your father may not have been seriously hurt.别担心,你父亲也许伤得不厉害。There shouldnt be any difficulty in getting you a visa.

8、给你弄个签证应该不会有什么困难。(3)在疑问句中表推测(can,could)can,could在疑问句中,常表示困惑、不相信等。Theres someone outsidewho can it be?外面有人会是谁呢?What can they be doing?他们可能在干些什么呢?Could he be serious?他是认真的吗?Where can she have put it?她能把它放在哪儿呢?题组训练题组训练用情态动词填空Sophia described every detail of the accident just now.Then her memory must be

9、completely back.My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who could have taken it?Will our flight to Paris be delayed?It shouldnt .The flights of this airline are usually very punctual,un-less there is bad weather.You neednt have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health.你昨晚本来不必工作到那么晚的。那

10、对你的健康有害。Must I give up smoking?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.我必须戒烟吗?是的,你必须。/不,你不必。:must/have to do sth.dont have to do sth.neednt do sth.:neednt have done sth.现在或将来必须做某事现在或将来不必做某事过去没必要做某事但做了三、表示必要性、义务、责任三、表示必要性、义务、责任1.必要性2.义务、责任should意为“(义务上)应该”,在语气上比must(必须)弱。“should+动词原形”表示现在或将来应该;“should+have+过去分词”

11、表示过去本该。I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I will be free.今天下午我应该去看望他,但我不知道我是否有空。(表示将来应该)You should have come to the conference yesterday.What was the reason for your absence?你昨天本应该参加那个会议。你缺席的原因是什么?(表示过去本该)题组训练题组训练用情态动词填空Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean

12、weneednt bring anything with us?Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh,youshould have done it as yesterday was the deadline.四、表示请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止四、表示请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止1.表示请求、建议(1)表示请求许可(asking for permission)或提出建议时(making sugges-tions)用:May I sit down?No,you mustnt.我可以坐下吗?不,不可以。Ma

13、y/Can/Could/Shall I/we.?Can(Could)/Will(Would)you.?Shall he/she/they.?Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外边等着可以吗?Would you do me a favor?请帮我一下,好吗?注意注意请求对方许可时,could表委婉的语气,回答时要用can。Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes,you can.(否定:No,Im afraid not.)明天早晨我用一下你的自行车,行吗?行,你用吧。(否定:不,恐怕不行。)(2)主动提出帮忙(makin

14、g an offer)时用:Shall I/we.?Whats your name?Khulaifi.Shall I spell it for you?你叫什么?Khulaifi。我为你拼出来好吗?2.表示命令、允许、禁止must(必须),mustnt(禁止)可以表示说话者的命令或指令,语气比较强烈;should/ought to(应该),shouldnt/oughtnt to(不应该)也可表示说话者的命令、指令,但暗含对对方是否听从并无把握;may/might,can表示允许。The children must be back by 4 oclock.孩子们必须在4点钟以前回来。The ne

15、w law states that people mustnt drive after drinking alcohol.新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。You ought to/should apologize.你应该道歉(虽然我不知道你是否会这样做)。You oughtnt to/shouldnt neglect the garden.你不应该疏于照管花园。You may/can/might come if you wish.你想来就来吧。Passengers may/can/might cross by the footbridge.乘客可通过步行桥穿过去。题组训练题组训练用情态动词填空C

16、ould you repeat that,please?The room is so dirty.Shall we clean it?Of course.五、表示意愿、意志、决心、允诺五、表示意愿、意志、决心、允诺1.shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句中,表示说话者的意志,用来表达说话者给对方以命令、指示或允诺。此外,当宣布法律、规定时,也用shall来表达。Dont worry.You shall have the tickets for the games.(允诺)别担心。你会得到比赛的门票的。One of our rules is that every student shall

17、wear school uniform while at school.我们的规章制度之一就是在校时每个学生都应该穿校服。2.will,would与各种人称连用,用于陈述句,表示主语的意愿、意志或决心。She wont so much as look at David.她连看大卫一眼都不肯。(表示主语的意愿)Mr.Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon.Dont forget it!OK,I wont.(表示决心)戈登先生让我提醒你今天下午有会议。你可别忘了!好的,我不会忘的。高考中对这类用法的考查主要侧重结构,因

18、此要熟记这些结构。3.表示“宁愿做某事”时,可使用下面这些句式:高考中对这类用法的考查主要侧重结构,因此要熟记这些结构。would rather do sth.would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.ratherthan do sth.would rather sb.did sth.prefer to do sth.prefer to do sth.ratherthan do sth.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.题组训练题组训练用情态动词填空Days later,my brother called to say

19、he was all right,but wouldnt say where he was.A group of students are waiting to see you outside.Shall they come in?六、表示习惯和倾向六、表示习惯和倾向will(wont)可用来叙述真理,还可叙述目前的习惯,would(wouldnt)可以用来叙述过去的习惯。Mom!Jack has broken a cup!It doesnt matter.Accidents will happen.妈妈!杰克打碎了一个杯子!不要紧。意外总是会发生的。Engines wont run with

20、out lubricant.没有润滑剂发动机就不能运转。She will listen to records alone in her room for hours.她独自一人在屋里听唱片,常常一听就是几个小时。He would spend hours in the bathroom or on the telephone.他以前一进洗澡间或是一打电话,往往就是几个小时。注意注意 would和used to都可表示过去的习惯,但前者表示过去反复的动作,常与every day,often,frequently等连用;后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯,但现在已不存在。When he was abro

21、ad,he would read as many books as possible.在国外时,他总是尽可能多读书。She doesnt get up so early as she used to.她不像以前那样起得那么早了。七、七、need和和dare的用法的用法need和dare两者既可用作情态动词也可用作实义动词。作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do、does、did;作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,直接接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中,构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。另外,dare作情态动词时,还可用于条件状语从

22、句中,过去式为dared;作实义动词时,dare用于疑问句或否定句,后面的to也可省略;I dare say是习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”。He neednt do it.(情态动词)He doesnt need to do it.(实义动词)他不必做这件事。I didnt know whether he dared say that to him.(情态动词,有时态变化)我不知道他是否敢对他说那样的话。He didnt dare(to)do it.(实义动词)He dared not do it.(情态动词)他不敢那么做。注意注意 need作实义动词时,还可表示“需要”,后接动名词的主动形式

23、或不定式的被动形式表示被动含义。The floor needs sweeping/to be swept.地面需要打扫了。八、情态动词的其他用法要点八、情态动词的其他用法要点1.cannot but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”。I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong.我不得不承认他对了,我错了。注意注意 表示“不得不/只好做某事”的其他句型:cantchoose but docan do nothing but dohave nochoice but to do2.cant help doing sth.=c

24、ant help but do sth.忍不住做某事。I cant help thinking about the past.我不禁回想起过去。She couldnt help but wonder what he was thinking.她不禁琢磨他在想些什么。3.may well和may as well结构。1)“may well+动词原形”是一种常用结构,意为“完全可能,很可能”,相当于“be very likely to+动词原形”。He may well win.他完全可能赢。Her appearance has changed so much that you may well

25、not recognize her.她的模样变化太大,你很可能认不出她了。2)“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好,倒不如”。You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。We may as well stay where we are.我们待在现在的地方倒也不错。4.cannot(can+never等否定词)与enough,too连用表示“再也不为过”。You cannot be careful enough.你再细心也不为过。5.may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。May we never forget each other.愿我们彼此永不相忘。M

26、ay you return in safety.愿你平安归来。6.should有时表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等,意为“竟会”。Where are my new sneakers?Have you seen them?How should I know?Im your sister,not your servant.我的新运动鞋在哪里?你看到过吗?我怎么知道啊?我是你的姐姐,不是你的仆人。7.must表示“偏要、硬要”。Must you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry sir,but its urgent.你非要现在

27、插嘴吗?没看到我在打电话?对不起,先生,不过事情紧急。8.may作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用mustnt,表示“禁止”;must作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必”。May I use your car?No,you mustnt.我能用用你的车吗?不,不能。(委婉地拒绝可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No,you neednt.我今晚必须做出这道题吗?不,不必。9.wont,cant,doesnt的区别The window wont

28、open.这扇窗户怎么都打不开。(强调实施者执意要打开)The window cant open.这扇窗户打不开。(这扇窗户原来设计时就不能打开,是固定死的)The window doesnt open.这扇窗户坏了。(强调这扇窗户质量有问题)情态动词+have done用法例句must have done过去想必/准是/一定做了(表推测),否定式为:cant/couldnt have doneIt must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了,因为路很泥泞。can/cannot have done过去可能会做/

29、不可能做了(表推测),can have done用于疑问句There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?He cannot have forgotten it.他不可能忘了那件事。九、九、“情态动词情态动词+havedone”用法一览表用法一览表情态动词+have done用法例句could/could not have done 1.过去可能/不可能做(表推测)2.过去本来能够做/没能够做(表虚拟)She could have gone out with some friends.她可能跟

30、几个朋友出去了。We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river.由于河水的声音我们当时不可能听到他们的谈话。You could have done better,but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力而为。If it hadnt been for your help,we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要是没有你的帮助,我们不可能在实验上获得成功。九、九、“情态动词情态动词+havedone”用法一览表用法一览表

31、情态动词+have done用法例句may/may not have done 过去也许已经做了/没做(表推测),一般不用于疑问句Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了,我想他或许已经睡了。He may not have finished the work.他也许还没完成那项工作。might have done1.过去也许做了(表推测)2.过去本可能做(表虚拟)He might have missed the train.他可能没有赶上火车。But I think you might have told us half an hour

32、ago.但是我认为你本来可能在半个小时前告诉我们。might not have done过去也许没做(表推测),相当于may not have done,用might则表示语气更加不肯定They might not have regarded me as their friend.他们可能没有把我当朋友看待。情态动词+have done用法例句should/ought to have Done本该做,而实际上未做 You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。should not/ought not to h

33、ave done本不该做而做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.你本不该告诉她真相。Neednt have done本不必做而做了You neednt have taken a taxi here,for it was near my home.你本来不必打车来这里的,因为这里离我家很近。would rather have done/would rather not have done宁愿当时做了/没做(表虚拟)(有“后悔”之意)I raised objections at the meeting,but now I would rather not h

34、ave done that.我在会上提出了反对意见,但现在我宁愿没那么做。would like/love to have done过去愿意做但未做成(表虚拟)I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的,但我得加班完成一个报告。题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空We could have faced (face)the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?I

35、 chose the most popular major instead of my favorite one,but I had to drop out and started again where I should have gone (go)in the first place.考点二考点二 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种主观愿望或假设的情况。主要用于条件状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和其他的一些句子结构中。I could reach the book if I were a bit taller.如果我高点的话,我就能够到那本书了。(表示与现在事实相

36、反的假设)I wish I were as young as you.我要是像你一样年轻就好了。(表示一种愿望)It is strange that he(should)not have been invited to the meeting.很奇怪,竟然没有人邀请他去参会。(用于主语从句)He insisted that we(should)adopt this teaching method.他坚持认为我们应该采用这种教学方法。(用于宾语从句)His suggestion is that we(should)speak more English in class.他的建议是我们应该在课上多

37、说英语。(用于表语从句)The young man followed his doctors advice that he(should)give up drink-ing.那个年轻人接受了医生让他戒酒的建议。(用于同位语从句)从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I were you,I would seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你,我就抓住这次出国的机会。与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could

38、/might+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建议,你考试就能通过了。与将来事实相反的假设1.If+主语+动词的过去式2.If+主语+were to+动词原形3.If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time tomorrow,I would certainly help you.如果我明天有时间,我一定会帮你的。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用使用

39、虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点:1.错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话,你现在就是大学生了。2.if省略句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if,把were,had,shou

40、ld提到句首,变为倒装句式。If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力地学习。If they had known what was coming next,they might have had second thoughts.Had they known what was coming next,they might have had second thoughts.要是他们知道接下来将发生什么事情,他们可能会仔细思考的

41、。If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。注意注意 若省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.但不能说Werent it for the expense,I would go abroad now.3.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引

42、导的条件从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,.=If it had not been for your help,.=Had it not been for your help,.没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。We lost our way in that small village;otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday

43、.(副词)我们在那个小村庄迷路了,要不然,我们昨天本能够参观更多的名胜。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known noth-ing about it.(连词)他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。I would write to her,but I dont know her address.(连词)我要给她写信来着,可是不知道她的地址。A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been

44、able to meet the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时,你就能见到那位著名的作家了。题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空If wehadnt made (make)adequate preparations,the conference wouldnt have been so successful.If wehad booked (book)a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I had (have)time,I would certai

45、nly go for an outing with you.I wish there were no wars in the world.我希望世界上没有战争。I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天见到那个影星了。此外,If only+句子=How I wish+that从句(that可省略)。(wish)had(wish)would/could(wish)一般过去时 宾语从句动作与同时过去分词 宾语从句动作先于动词原形 宾语从句动作后于二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于宾语从句中(1)wi

46、sh后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为:If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊!If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!我要是看了那部电影该多好啊!(2)用于表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有insist,order,command,require,request,demand,advise,suggest,propose,rec-ommend等。

47、宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.他们坚决要求那个男孩子跟他们一起去。此类动词记忆小窍门:一坚持(insist)二命令(order,command)三要求(require,request,demand)四建议(advise,suggest,propose,recommend)注意注意 当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意

48、,insist表示“坚持说”之意时,suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen money.那个人坚持说他从没有偷过钱。(3)在would rather后的句子中,谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were),表示对现在或将来的虚拟;谓语动词用过去完成时,表示对过去的虚拟。I would rather they did

49、nt hear of the news.我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。(对现在或将来的虚拟)I would rather you hadnt told me about it.我宁愿你没告诉我那件事。(对过去的虚拟)2.用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that从句,从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put

50、off till next week.人们建议将会议推迟到下周。It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.(从句谓语动词的动作在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生时,要用“should have+过去分词”,should可以省略)真奇怪,他竟然那样对他父母。3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。My idea is tha